Difficulties and Countermeasures of Developing Irrigation and Water Conservancy in New Era

This paper expounds the great significance of irrigation and water conservancy for the agricultural development. Vigorously developing irrigation and water conservancy can promote high yield and stable yield of grain, effectively increase farmers' income, alleviate the impact of drought on agricultural production, be conducive to the adjustment of agricultural production structure, and promote county economic development. The difficulties of developing irrigation and water conservancy in new era are analyzed as follows: the subject of liabilities defaults seriously; it lacks effective input security system; the quality of project degenerates badly; the agricultural technological development is slow. Corresponding policy suggestions are put forward as follows: make the input subject of irrigation and water conservancy clear; form stable investment channels; strengthen the organizing and guiding functions of grass-roots government; reinforce the coordination and management of capital; strengthen the promotion of agricultural technology; quicken the pace of reform of irrigation and water conservancy.

Evaluation of Potential Impacts of Agricultural Policy Reforms on Sustainability of Groundwater Resources of Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia has achieved extensive development and expansion in agriculture sector and achieved self sufficiency in a number of agricultural crops including wheat, fodders, dates, some vegetables and fruits. Considering the future growing need for food and water, government of Saudi Arabia has formulated and implemented a number of policy reforms for conservation, optimal utilization and sustainable development of natural resources of the Kingdom. The present study focuses on potential future impacts on natural resources conservations and strategic planning due to recent policy reforms （Council of Ministers （CoM） on Water Resources Management and Conservation （Decision No. 335）） issued on September 2008. The modeling of wheat agriculture was performed based on detailed analysis of water application practices in wheat growing regions/districts and future projection of wheat irrigation in context of recent government water resources conservation strategy. The results clearly indicated a significant positive impact will be occurred in terms of huge relief on highly stressed and limited national strategic groundwater resources. The present study estimated a saving and conservation of more than 51.0 billion cubic meters （BCM） of non-renewable groundwater resources during next 11 years.

Extending the Economic Life of the Ogallala Aquifer with Water Conservation Policies in the Texas Panhandle

The continued decline in the availability of water from the Ogallala Aquifer in the Texas Panhandle has led to an increased interest in conservation policies designed to extend the life of the aquifer and sustain rural economies. Four counties were chosen for evaluation. This study evaluates the effectiveness of five policies in terms of changes in the saturated thickness, crop mix, water use per acre, and the net present value of farm profits over a 60-year planning horizon. The dynamic optimization models were developed using GAMS for the baseline as well as one for all five of the policy alternatives for each county. Results indicate that the policy scenarios of biotechnology adoption and a water use restriction will conserve the most water among the policies analyzed. In terms of economic returns, the biotechnology adoption policy by far provides the greatest benefit to producers due to yield increases that are estimated with current annual growth rates in new seed varieties. The water use restriction policy, on the other hand, has the lowest net present value of returns, indicating that conservation is accompanied with significant costs to producers. The irrigation adoption technology scenario is the next best policy in terms of net present value of returns (following biotechnology);however, it ranks last in terms of reducing aquifer depletion. It is important to note that while the models do not perfectly predict the factors being evaluated, it is the basis for comparison between the policy scenarios which are important. These comparisons will aid policy makers in determining the most effective strategy to conserve water while simultaneously considering the economic costs to producers. In addition, the results of this study can be applied to other areas facing similar conditions, either currently or in the future, throughout the Texas Panhandle.

Agricultural Water Conservation in the High Plains Aquifer and Arikaree River Basin

Yuma County is the top crop producing County in Colorado that is dependent on groundwater supplies from the High Plains aquifer for irrigation. The Arikaree River, a tributary of the Republican River in eastern Colorado, is supplied with water from the High Plains aquifer. The Arikaree River alluvium is also a habitat for many terrestrial invertebrates and the threatened Hybognathus hankinsoni (Brassy Minnow). The constant demand on the High Plains aquifer has created declining water levels at the linear rate of 0.183 m/year with the deepest pool in the Arikaree River drying up in 8 to 12 years. In addition to the demands for habitats, the surrounding irrigated agricultural lands require water for crop production. These challenges are currently confronting farmers in eastern Colorado and this research presents possible alternatives to meet these demands. This research presents a combination water balance model, water conservation model, and water conservation survey results from farmers in eastern Colorado to identify alternatives to extend the life of the Arikaree River. The first alternative was to examine the reduction in irrigation water from removing the 18 alluvial irrigation wells that could extend the Arikaree River pools from drying up for 30 years. The other scenario found that water conservation practices with participation of 43%, 57%, and 62% of farmers would extend the drying time to 20, 30, and 40 years, respectively. The final alternative studied was the required participation in conservation practices to stop the decline of the High Plains Aquifer. The analysis found that 77% participation of farmers in all conservation alternatives or reducing pumping by 62.9% would be necessary to stabilize the High Plains Aquifer.

Agricultural water conservation in China:plastic mulch and traditional irrigation

Plastic mulch is commonly used with micro-irrigation in developed countries;however,Chinese farmers use plastic mulch on a vast scale independent of micro-irrigation.For the past three decades,China’s land area in plastic mulch has exceeded the world’s total land area in micro-irrigation.We report results from the water-scarce region of Minqin County,where 87%of Chinese farmers interviewed responded that they use plastic mulch to conserve water and 53%to increase yields.Survey results indicated the desire to conserve water through the use of plastic mulch to be statistically equivalent to the desire to increase yields.Responses to interviews and surveys indicate that farmers perceive water savings of 24-26%when plastic mulch is used.Interview and survey responses suggest farming families are shifting to purchasing wheat from outside the region;a potential import of"virtual water"into this water-scarce region.

基于OBE理念的农业高校水利类专业人才培养模式改革研究

水利专业属于传统工科专业,各高校在长期教学实践中形成了“以教为中心”的人才培养模式,已经不能满足当代水利行业工程建设与管理的人才要求。自我国加入华盛顿协议以来,我国高校工程教育进入了全新的发展阶段。农业高校水利类专业需兼顾水利工程专业与服务农业特色两方面的要求,在我国智慧水利与智慧农业建设全面开展的大背景下,亟需对传统人才培养方案进行改革。该文从培养目标、课程体系、课程内容及教学方法等方面探讨了基于成果导向教育(OBE)理念的人才培养模式教学改革方案,可为农业类高校水利专业人才培养模式改革提供借鉴。

农业科研试验基地农田水利建设实践与思考——以江苏省农业科学院六合动物科学基地为例

农业科研试验基地作为农业科研工作的重要载体,在科技创新、成果转化和科普教育等方面发挥了重要作用。文章以江苏省农业科学院六合动物科学基地(以下简称“六合基地”)为例,结合日常运行管理工作,总结了六合基地农田水利建设现状,分析了基地在农田水利系统设计、建设及管理中存在的问题,并有针对性地提出了农田水利系统科学规划、规范建设施工过程、培育专业团队、创新维修期管理制度等加强农业科研基地灌排系统建设及管理的建议和对策。

农业水利工程节水灌溉效果的要点分析及优化建议

我国新农村建设是一项提高农民生活水平和生活质量的社会建设工程,而农业水利工程节水灌溉建设作为其不容忽视的一部分,对农作物种植和农业规模发展的作用很大。因此,本文着重分析了我国农业水利工程节水灌溉的建设要点,分析了当下农业水利工程中常见的灌溉模式应用效果以及发展趋势,还针对性地提出了对农业水利工程节水灌溉建设的优化建议。

浅谈引黄灌区农业水价综合改革

以山西省尊村引黄灌区为例,通过对灌区农业水价改革项目实施、经验做法和主要成效三个方面进行分析。扎实推进了灌区农业水价综合改革,逐步建立农田水利良性运行机制,进而促进农业节水、减轻农民负担、保证灌溉工程良性运行。

农业水利灌溉模式与高效节水措施探讨

农业是国家发展的基石,而发展农业选择科学的水利灌溉模式以及高效的节水技术,才能保证农业水利灌溉的效率和质量,提高农业综合生产力,促进我国农业经济的发展。对此,本文分析了农业水利灌溉事业的建设情况,列举了几种常见的农业灌溉模式,深入探讨了农业水利灌溉中存在的问题和不足,并提出了节水技术措施和解决办法。

农田水利节水灌溉发展现状及优化措施

节水灌溉是农业生产向理性化、科学化发展的新灌溉模式,是农业可持续发展和水资源合理利用的必然要求。随着农业生产的转型升级和灌溉机械设备的功能优化与产品迭代,农田水利建设中的节水灌溉技术应用成为农业生产的重要工作。近年来,在国家政策支持下,我国节水灌溉工作得到长足发展但仍面临较大挑战,探索适合我国国情的农业节水灌溉新途径与新思路,有利于促进节水灌溉技术的科学落地,真正帮助农业向资源节约型和环境友好型转变。

农田灌溉调度过程中存在的问题及优化措施

农田灌溉是农业生产和农村经济发展的关键环节。目前农田灌溉调度存在水资源浪费、灌溉方式不合理、调度方法不科学、调度管理政策不健全、化学品使用不当等一系列问题。为解决这些问题,将从水资源的管理、科研和技术支持、节水灌溉技术以及农民的教育与培训等4方面对灌溉调度存在的问题进行优化和加强。通过采取的优化措施,提高农田灌溉水资源的利用效率、推动农业的生产效率和可持续发展,并维持环境的生态平衡。

甘肃省景电灌区农业水价综合改革实践与思考

通过实施农业水价综合改革可以达到强化农业用水刚性约束,推动农业用水由粗放向节约集约用转变,助力优化水资源配置格局,提高水资源承载能力的目的。本文通过对甘肃省景电灌区农业水价综合改革的相关政策和经验材料进行收集整理,系统梳理甘肃省景电灌区农业水价综合改革过程,分析改革实践过程中所存在的问题,并深入分析小农户对改革后水价的承受能力,提出相应的应对措施,旨在为其他高扬程灌区更好推进农业水价综合改革提供资料和参考。

农业灌排一体化ABR管网系统的研发和数值模拟

【目的】设计一种适用于山东平原地区辣椒类旱田作物的农田灌排一体化ABR管网系统。【方法】采用试验测试、CFD数值模拟和试点应用的方法,开展了农田灌排一体化系统的管网优化布置和性能测试。【结果】①与单环和树状管网相比,双环等距管网布局能将系统内各灌排桩出水占比的离散系数从1.327降低至0.766,从而提高系统的供水平衡性;②单套管网系统适宜农田面积为1.5 hm2,且各灌排桩应采用50 m等间距布置;该设置下,各灌排桩灌溉出水口的流速为0.60~0.24 m/s,能够在12 h内完成农田灌溉;③系统的灌排桩单桩排水能力为28.8 m^(3)/h,足以确保在大暴雨期间农田内不会积水。【结论】该系统的实施能显著提高农田灌溉和抗洪排涝能力。

农业水利工程中灌溉模式与节水技术应用探究

农业水利工程的应用,不仅实现了水资源的合理配置,而且更好地满足了农作物的生长需求。但在我国现阶段农业水利工程中,如何妥善处理灌溉模式与节水技术存在的一些问题,将是我国农业生产高效发展的关键所在。对此,本文列举了常见的农业水利节水灌溉模式,分析了农业水利灌溉模式的影响因素,并就农业水利工程中灌溉模式和节水技术应用中的常见问题,提出了解决对策。

湖南省现代化灌区建设管理实践与思考

湖南是农业大省、中部粮仓,大中型灌区对保障国家粮食安全至关重要。在系统分析湖南省耕地现状、灌区粮食生产、现代化灌区建设、灌区农业水价综合改革现状基础上,从骨干水网及配套工程建设、运管模式和手段、保障机制和管理效能等多方面分析了当前湖南省现代化灌区建设管理存在的问题,从高标准灌溉工程体系构建、灌区规范管理、灌区改革创新等方面,梳理湖南省现代化灌区建设管理创新实践,提出环洞庭湖生态经济圈、湘中南丘岗片区及湘东南、湘西州、怀化、张家界等山地组团区总体灌溉格局。锚定建成“设施完善、节水高效、管理科学、生态良好”的现代化灌区目标,提出加快灌区建设改造步伐、加快推动灌区新质生产力发展、拓宽灌区投融资渠道、深化农业水价综合改革等对策及建议。

梁山县大型灌区农业水价综合改革做法及建议

阐述了梁山县两处大型灌区在实施农业水价综合改革过程中,采取核定水价、分解水权水量、制定奖补机制、加强灌区管护等相关措施,取得了一定成效,同时分析了当前存在问题与短板,提出了相应的改进措施,为下一步持续深化改革提供了思路。

农村节水灌溉技术分析

节水灌溉技术的应用能够实现水资源的科学配置和高效利用,从而促进农业增产增收。本文总结了农业生产中常见的节水灌溉技术,包括喷灌技术、微喷灌技术、滴灌技术、膜上灌溉技术和渠道防渗灌溉技术,分析了其在实际应用中存在的不足。在此基础上,针对提高农村节水灌溉技术应用效果提出相应策略,包括完善节水灌溉管理体系,完善水利灌溉设施建设,合理选择并应用节水灌溉技术,以及加大节水灌溉资金投入等,为农村节水灌溉技术的广泛应用提供参考。

聊城市深化农业水价综合改革的实践与思考

通过介绍聊城市深化农业水价综合改革的重点工作推进情况及亮点模式,以及计量设施完善提升、精准补贴和奖励等方面所做的工作和取得的初步成果,提出了建立专业化运维公司、推动区域综合水价等建议,以期为其他地区深化农业水价综合改革提供借鉴参考。

漳南渠灌区农业水价综合改革实施路径研究

我国是农业大国,农业灌溉是用水大户,但农业用水效率总体不高,农业水价综合改革的实施能够提高农业用水效率,缓解水资源供需矛盾,促进农业水利工程良性运转,提高农民自发节水意识。河北省是我国缺水地区,重点分析了河北省涉县漳南渠灌区农业水价形成机制,针对灌区实际情况提出了节水奖励改革模式,符合涉县农业水资源利用的实际情况,对于缺水地区中小型灌区农业水价综合改革工作具有一定参考意义。