Effects of China's Administrative Approval Reforms on Transaction Cost and Economic Growth

Chinas economic growth miracle despite complicated administrative approval formalities prompted us to raise the following question: Is it true that reforming administrative approval will promote economic growth? Based on our analysis on market entry, we discovered that reforming administrative approval will spur economic growth by reducing transaction cost for firms. Administrative approval may suppress social cost and propel Chinas economic growth; Chinas gradualist approval reforms may indeed propel economic growth by reducing transaction cost for firms. With the data of prefecture-level cities during 2000-2013 and data of companies listed on the SME board during 2010-2014, we tested the effects of approval reforms on economic growth and on transaction cost, and employed instrumental variable and PSMfor the treatment of the endogeneity problem-all these tests led to robust and consistent results. Moreover, we discovered that difference in government policy implementation in the approval process is the root cause of corruption and rent seeking.

A Study on the Reform of China's Agricultural Administration System

After various reforms,China's agricultural administration system has been changing functions and improving structure,and it has basically met the requirements of agricultural and rural economic development,but in some areas,it can not be adapted to modern agricultural development. Based on the analysis of the necessity of improving agricultural administration system and the problems in current agricultural administration system,this paper comes up with the viable path choice of China's agricultural administration system reform.

Administrative reforms and the impacts on rural-urban relations in China

New and distinctive regions of economic interaction and growth, known as Extended Metropolitan Regions (EMRs), are emerging in China. This paper will examine the role of the various levels of the Chinese governments and their administrative reforms in the development of one of the urbanising regions in China: the Shenyang Dalian EMR, Liaoning Province. It is primarily concerned with to what extent EMR's spatial growth pattern is influenced by governmental policies and how the changes in administrative boundaries have impacted rural urban relations.

China's Reform on Administrative System

Five Features of China’s Reform on Administrative System China started with the great historic process of Reform and Open-up more than 30 years ago.Since them,reform on China’s administrative system has been under way.To sum up the course of 30 odd years,the features of China’s reform on administrative system are as follows.First,as China’s reform made its first breakthrough in rural areas,

Japanese Social Mentality and the Change in the Approval Rates of the Abe Administration

From June to July of 2017, the approval rates of the Abe administration fell sharply, in stark contrast to the long-term stability since2012. The stability of Abe's approval rates originated from the people's negative support for him and their opposition to the Security Laws and other important events as well as the scandals under his administration. The opposition and negative support originated from the people's "acquired helplessness","Abenomics", the sharp drop in the opportunity costs of voting and other conditions. The sudden fall of Abe's approval rates was not due to the change in the aforementioned conditions, rather because of the collapse of his image including personality owing to Abe's perceived arrogance and his estrangement with the people. In the context of the temporary stabilization of approval rates, Abe dissolved the House of Representatives ahead of schedule and held a general election, taking full advantage of the internal strife between the opposition parties, to achieve his goal of ruling until the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. His victory in the recent election does not accurately demonstrate that Abe is completely immune to negative impact, thus he will to use the Korean Peninsula crisis and other issues to demonstrate his ability of safeguarding Japan's security, seek reconstruction of his image, and further enhance his approval rate to stabilize his administration.

Registration system reform and initial public offering ownership preference:Evidence from China

Whether registration system reform(RSR)can curb administrative intervention and create a fair market environment has long been a concern in China.We explore this issue from the perspective of the initial public offering(IPO)preference based on the entropy balancing method,and findings are as follows.First,an IPO ownership preference exists under approval system.That is,state-owned enterprises(SOEs)are more likely than private enterprises to obtain IPO approval.However,RSR significantly changes this preference,especially for non-politically connected private enterprises.Second,the post-IPO market performance of SOEs is inferior to that of private enterprises under approval system,thus excluding the view that approval is prioritized for SOEs because of superior performance.Third,compared with SOEs,private enterprises are more likely to switch the issuance system from approval system to registration system;this change makes it easier for them to obtain IPO approval,indicating that private enterprise owners perceive the registration channel to be fairer.Fourth,the effect of RSR on IPO ownership preference mainly occurs in companies in three major urban agglomerations in China—the Pearl River Delta,the Yangtze River Delta,and the Beijing–Tian jin–Hebei region—and in technology-intensive industries.Collectively,our findings reveal that RSR cultivates a fairer IPO approval process.

Taxpayers Fraudulent Behavior Modeling The Use of Datamining in Fiscal Fraud Detecting Moroccan Case

The fraudulent behavior of taxpayers impacts negatively the resources available to finance public services. It creates distortions of competition and inequality, harming honest taxpayers. Such behavior requires the government intervention to bring order and establish a fiscal justice. This study emphasizes the determination of the interactions linking taxpayers with tax authorities. We try to see how fiscal audit can influence taxpayers’ fraudulent behavior. First of all, we present a theoretical study of a model pre established by other authors. We have released some conditions of this model and we have introduced a new parameter reflecting the efficiency of tax control;we found that the efficiency of a fiscal control have an important effect on these interactions. Basing on the fact that the detection of fraudulent taxpayers is the most difficult step in fiscal control, We established a new approach using DATA MINING process in order to improve fiscal control efficiency. We found results that reflect fairly the conduct of taxpayers that we have tested based on actual statistics. The results are reliable.

The Emergence of Illiberal Democracy in the European Union:The Hungarian Case

In 2010,the Hungarian government established so-called“illiberal democracy.”Western courtiers have looked on with bewilderment over the past eight years at this political trajectory of Hungary.Some post-Communist countries that were committed to common European values,have already been implementing this illiberal democracy model.The perceived interests of the“nation”are taking centre stage and governments are subject to far fewer checks and balances.They are turning instead towards an alternative social,political,and economic model,in which the cultivation of traditional values and distinct national identities are of paramount ideological importance.This new model is frequently characterised by widespread,systematic state corruption,and an increasingly authoritarian political culture.The paper tries to shed light on the reasons of development of illiberal democracy in the European Union by examining the case in Hungary.Furthermore,the paper defines the price of partially giving up certain principles of liberal democracy,such as checks and balances,political pluralism,economic equality of market constituents,or the rule of law,in return of hoped greater economic and state efficiency.

Judicial Administration Reform Promotes Human Rights——An interview with Zhang Sujun,Vice-Minister of Justice

Following is a transcript of an interview given to Human Rights by Zhang Sujun, China＇s Vice-Minister of Justice, on how the on-going judicial administration reform promotes the protection of human rights in the country.

政策试验的议题情景与多重功能——基于相对集中行政许可权改革的考察

政策试验是中国改革的常用话语叙事,各级领导人对政策创新的试验路径均给予肯定。政策试验通过局部地区的试点开展,构建议题学习网络,增进多主体互动,利用各方知识开展认知学习,从而推进政策创新与治理变革。从不确定性的视角,提出政策试验的“议题情景—功能定位”分析模型,区分政策试验的四种类型,即生成型试验、测试型试验、倡导型试验、拓展型试验,并分析不同试验类型的功能定位。生成型试验适用于深度不确定性的决策议题,政策干预的选项及价值具有不确定性,决策系统提出概念性质的愿景目标,传递出新信号,鼓励地方政府开展创新探索,将愿景目标转化为操作方案;测试型试验适用于政策干预的内部效度具有不确定性、决策系统已经确定的政策选项,通过局部试点进行评估学习;倡导型试验针对外部效度的不确定性,通过在更大范围内开展试验,从差异性中总结经验教训,进一步校准政策工具;拓展型试验针对内部和外部效度已经得到检验的政策工具,决策系统通过议题再建构,将新理念、新工具拓展到更广泛的应用场景。考察相对集中行政许可权的改革历程发现,相对集中行政许可权改革经历了地方创新、多方参与、扩大试点、议题再定位的演化历程,发挥了方案生成、效果检验、经验推广、治理变革等多重功能,这些功能互相衔接,共同构成了政策试验的功能图谱。在改革过程中,多方主体之间具有持续的互动学习,经由概念学习将模糊目标转化为创新方案,经由评估学习、示范学习、迭代学习,将地方探索的成功经验纳入国家政策。研究表明,政策议题的不确定性对试验模式的选择具有直接影响,政策试验的组织模式及功能定位在不同阶段具有差异性。

2023年度数理科学部基金项目评审工作综述

本文总结了2023年国家自然科学基金委员会数理科学部的项目申请、同行评议和资助情况,并总结了科学基金的改革进展。

综合行政执法改革过程中的多维结构变迁与能动者策略

推动执法权属地化与综合化是夯实基层政权建设的重要一环,但在政策实践中,并不必然带来治理效能的提升。事权下放后,基层治理结构的实质性变革如何形塑执法主体的行为策略,以提升事权承接的有效性,是亟待回答的重要议题。文章从“结构—过程—功能”的视角出发,对一个街道综合行政执法体制改革进行系统考察,构建理解多维结构变迁中能动者策略生成的分析框架。研究发现,在改革过程中,综合执法部门所嵌入的横向结构在权力、责任和资源维度发生系统性变迁。执法主体在基层治理结构所设定的规则约束与行动空间中,基于复杂性和概率性两个维度,划分四种类型的执法任务,并能动地创设动员式、裁剪式、扩容式等执法策略,衔接再配置的结构性要素与复杂外部事务治理环节,从而有效回应“块块”运作规则和事权下放的内在要求。

基于翻转课堂的药事管理学课程思政探索

翻转课堂重视学生主体地位,遵循学习规律,为专业课的课程思政提供了有效途径。以药事管理学为例,该文在一流本科课程建设中探索基于O-PIRTASCT翻转课堂模型的课程思政路径,兼顾学生知识学习、能力养成和思想政治素质的提升,有助于实现在知识学习早期形成价值认识,在学习中期产生价值认可,在学习后期达成价值认同,可为高校专业课课程思政建设提供参考。

部门协作何以突破本位主义的困境?——基于C市“审管分离”改革的实证分析

中国国家治理场域内,本位主义困境始终是制约高质量政府部门协作的关键因素之一。对此,现有研究并未将重心放置于改变部门原有的科层化组织结构。C市“审管分离”改革的案例研究表明,通过结构性改革改变部门原有的科层化组织结构,为推进政府部门协作突破本位主义的困境提供了一个创新视角和有效方案。依托结构性改革打造能够代表整体协作利益的职能部门、削弱部门过度维护自身利益的资源基础、拓展弱连带关系以强化部门间的信任水平,有助于提升职能部门协作质量与公共行政整体绩效。为此,应当尽快将实践层面的探索创新转化为法理层面的制度规范,为顺利推进改革提供法治保障,为合理示范推广夯实可行性基础。

秦汉行政报告中的“请”与“报”

秦汉行政报告的“请”与“报”制度是维护君主专制主义中央集权体制机制的一项重要政治法律制度。秦汉依法对行政请示报告的类型、办理程序、审批答复、处理和利用等方法和原则作出了明确规定,建立了相应的行政申请报告呈报和批复的体制机制,为行政请示报告工作提供了可以遵循的法律制度,加强了对行政的监督和检查,限制了行政权力的滥用,提高了行政管理的质量和效率。

行政审批局外部协调难题及其影响因素分析——基于SAFRSC框架的实证研究

行政审批局是优化组织流程与提高审批效率的重要设计,但也面临着外部协调难题。通过引入协调成本概念,构建“协调规模—权威关系—业务关联—责任界定—标准化—组织文化”六维SAFRSC分析框架,从组织学视角探源行政审批局的外部协调难题及其六大影响因素。在此基础上,基于DEMATEL法发掘六大影响因素的重要性程度及因素间关系:业务关联、协调规模、责任界定和权威关系的影响最大,并与其他因素相互作用;标准化、组织文化两项因素作用较小,更容易受其他因素的影响。为此,需要有针对性地从理顺管理体制与厘清职能分工、明确权责与加大问责、标准化建设与跨时空协调、加强冲突管理与完善合作机制等方面破解行政审批局外部协调难题。