Reform Paths of Rural Land Property Rights System in the Context of Agricultural Modernization

The reform of rural land property rights system can promote large-scale and intensive agricultural production,improve the quality of laborers,improve agricultural production efficiency,increase farmers'income,and effectively promote the development of agricultural modernization.In the context of the reform of the"separation of three powers",the rural land property rights system still has problems in terms of ownership,use rights,disposal rights,and income rights,which affect the healthy development of agricultural modernization.In this situation,it is necessary to further clarify the subject of rural land ownership,thoroughly improve the right to use rural land,vigorously improve the right to dispose of rural land,effectively protect the right to benefit from rural land,and deeply promote the reform of the rural land property rights system in order to effectively promote the development of agricultural modernization.

Survey on the Peasants' Will of Forest Land Transfer in the Reform of Collective Forest Right System——On the Case of 180 Peasant Households in Lishui City of Zhejiang Province

Taking sample survey in the eighteen villages of Yunhe, Longquan and Qingyuan County of Lishui City of Zhejiang Province, the results show that the forest land transfer of sample peasants is mainly transfer-out, the private treaty of forest land transfer is the main pattern of most peasant households, forest right trading market hasn't got wide approval in peasants, peasants' dependence on land is reducing, and so on. Through analysis, the reasons of influent transfer of forest land include peasant's subjective will, less type of transfer objects, dull information communication, big difference of expected price and imperfect development of intermediary organization. In order to promote a healthy development of forest land transfer, the paper puts forward proposals of strengthening policy publicity, improving system, identifying property right, pushing variety of transfer types, developing forest land market, cultivating subject of market and so on.

The reform of mode idea of ＂separation of powers＂ for China＇s rural land property system

By briefly reviewing the history of farmland property right in China, it puts forwards the conception of separation of three powers, which is to divide it into ownership, fight of contract, right of use, of farmland property right. In addition, it specifies the practical operational methods to realize the reform that make peasants become the only owner of land in the category of public ownership. It expects to promote the communication and concentration of farmland, so that we can realize the industrialization of agriculture to promote the agricultural productivity level.

Reform in the Property Right System to Enhance Competitiveness—On the China Yangtze Group Corp.

The China Yangtze Group Corp. was founded in 1980. Now it has developed into a large state-owned consortium, with its business scope covering electrical appliances, automobiles, light industry and other industrial sectors. It has gross assets of RMB 1.737 billion, and net assets of RMB359 million. The Yangtze Group has been developing, with reliance on bank loans in recent years, incurring heavy debts; and its leading product-refrigerator,

On the Restricting Factors & System Arrangements of Chinese Land Tenure Marketization

As a general rule of Economics of Development,economic growth and development require rational institution guarantee.Land Tenure.As a main institution factor in agricultural development,closely relates to the reform of Chinese agriculture.Based on the relevant theories of Economics of Institution and Economics of Development,and combined with the marketization process of Chinese Land Tenure of Property Rights,the article studied the effects of institutional factors and put forward some choices in the development of agriculture,which is of both significant and practical importance.

Methods and Paths for Rural Collectively Owned Profit-oriented Construction Land Entering into Trading Market

On the basis of analyzing cases of existing rural collectively owned profit-oriented construction land entering into trading market,this paper put forward several thoughts,introduced methods and paths for rural collectively owned profit-oriented construction land entering into trading market,including reforming rural collective land property right system,cultivating new rural collective economy organizations,helping them to become market entities; improving various legal systems,making clear range of construction land entering into trading market; formulating scientific benefit allocation mechanism; establishing fair and transparent decision making mechanism.

农村集体产权制度改革综合评价及障碍因子分析

基于改革政策目标,从产权能力完善、集体经济发展和农民权益保障三个方面,运用熵权TOPSIS法和障碍度模型,对中国30个省(区、市)2014—2021年的农村集体产权制度改革进行综合评价和障碍因子分析。研究发现:中国农村集体产权制度改革水平总体呈平稳上升趋势,区域间呈现“东高西低”的特征,各地区改革水平的差距呈逐步缩小态势;各省(区、市)农村集体产权制度改革的主要障碍因子是农业机械化水平、家庭农场发展水平、农村市场化程度、集体经营收入水平、集体经济组织管理能力和农村居民财产性收入占比,基本属于集体经济发展维度,表明农村集体经济发展水平与改革规划目标仍有差距,还需进一步提升集体产权改革的经济效能。

地方改革试点的实践样态与行动逻辑--基于“激励-问责”协同性框架的多案例分析

改革试点是一种重要的治国理政机制。中国的改革试点不仅是一种纵向的分级制政策实验,在横向上地方改革试点还表现出明显的地方性差异。改革试点对应的是宽泛的政策指导与政策的灵活性,政策执行的条件将直接影响地方改革效能。在地方改革试点中,激励结构与问责力度是影响政策执行的两个关键要素。基于全国农村产权制度改革的多案例研究结果表明,地方政府的激励结构、问责强度和资源禀赋构成了地方改革试点的使动条件,地方主政者的行动态度、行动空间和行动能力构成了地方改革试点的能动条件,两者协同促使地方政府采取争先创新、稳妥有序、应付避责与象征执行的行动策略。因此,在地方改革试点中,要营造更具包容性的政策环境,建立相对均衡的制度结构,激发地方改革创新的积极性和能动性,以提升地方治理效能。

制度变迁背景下集体建设用地改造与政府角色回归:以佛山市南海区为例

集体建设用地再开发是盘活存量,促进城市高质量发展的主要途径,伴随着集体土地产权制度路径依赖式的变迁:自上而下的土地确权正式化集体建设用地的存在,赋予村集体权利,但在土地初次开发中自下而上形成的制度制约着改造。文章探讨制度变迁下,地方政府如何与村集体互动,化解上述制度制约,促进集体建设用地市场化改造的。研究发现,集体建设用地正式化开启了改造市场,但仍受空间破碎、集体土地经营内卷化、开发权模糊的约束。地方政府发挥了企业化的非正式角色,与村集体形成合作与竞争并存的协商型合作关系。合作在于政府从供、需两侧化解前述制约,充当村集体与市场主体间的“交易中介”,降低交易成本,助力改造。竞争表现为村集体为攫取地租把持政府,损害社会公平。地方政府的“非正式”角色应予以制度化,以规避其在维护社会公益上的失灵。

深化集体林权制度改革的再思考

对中国三次集体林权制度改革进行概述,分析林业发展环境的变化,提出深化林业改革的主要任务和策略。研究表明:当前中国森林主要作用、林权利用方式、林产品原料来源发生了变化;新一轮集体林改主导者和目标发生了变化,林改成果的评价内容也发生了变化,新一轮林改是从调动农民经营林业的积极性延展到动员全社会参与林业发展,让全社会支持林业发展延展到让林业更好地满足全社会需要;新一轮林改需要持续创新林业协同发展体制、改革森林采伐管理制度、构建林权流转监管和服务平台、创新生态服务价值实现机制、健全生态经济兼顾的林业政策体系。

“两山”理念与集体林权制度改革新格局构建

在阐述“两山”理念的本质与重要体现的基础上,理解其推动指导集体林权制度改革的现实意义,分析了集体林权制度改革的成效和问题,以及集体林权制度改革新格局构建的系统思维,“创新引领、科学先行”和“尊重农民意愿、保护农民权益”的原则,从为推进乡村振兴赋能助力、为推进共同富裕筑好平台以及为推进生态文明建设再立新功3个维度探讨了集体林权制度改革新格局构建的路径。

农村集体产权改革对县域经济发展的影响

农村集体产权改革不仅是制度上的调整,更是激发县域经济增长的关键动力。以新一轮农村集体产权改革作为准自然实验,利用2010—2019年间涵盖1911个县域的面板数据,探讨农村集体产权改革对县域经济增长的实际影响,并进一步验证其内在的作用机理和异质性特征,结果表明:农村集体产权改革显著提升了县域经济发展水平;在传导路径方面,农村集体产权改革主要通过提升生产效率、促进产业集聚以及吸引资本流入推动县域经济增长。分组研究结果表明:在东部地区以及市场化程度较高的县域中,农村集体产权改革展现出更加明显的经济拉动效应。为充分发挥农村集体经济的重要资源优势,应提升农村集体产权改革的包容性和灵活度,激发农村集体经济组织的活力,以促进县域经济的高质量增长。

农村的“股份化”与“城镇化”——郊区农村集体产权制度改革的个案研究

作为集体产权制度改革的重要组成部分,“农村股份制”改革看似给乡村社会带来了颇具内在矛盾的多重影响,实则在具体社会情境下,与其他宏观结构因素一起,共同导向了城镇化这一后果。在郊区农村,这项改革一方面导致了农民-农村关系的“金融化”转型,使农民的集体权益脱嵌于其对村集体的行政依附,为他们的城镇化迁移创造了新的机会结构;另一方面,农村股份制隐含的独立法人资格为村集体强化组织能动性提供了制度支撑,而股息分红的压力也使得这一类城市周边农村成为专注于土地经营的市场法人主体,嵌入当地土地城镇化的实践场域中。由此,郊区农村股份化成了城镇化机制的一部分。来自农村一端对城镇化机制的能动塑造也启发我们去反思城镇化研究中的过度“城市中心主义”取向。

新型农村集体经济概念和主要特征辨析

学术界一直关注新型农村集体经济问题的研究,对于新型农村集体经济的概念和特征从不同角度进行了界定和总结。农村集体经济不等同于合作经济、集体资产、具体的组织形式和经营形式及加总的农户经济,对其界定应侧重其所有制地位、经营管理主体、实现形式、价值功能等核心要素。2016年农村集体产权制度改革后,它呈现出产权关系新、治理架构新、经营方式新、发展途径新、分配原则和方案新等五个“新”特征。

Does Property Rights Reform Improve the Efficiency of China's State-owned Banks?

China ＂s state-owned banks have undergone radical changes over the past two decades, including partial privatization and listing in both the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and the Shanghai Stock Exchange. This paper evaluates the effects of these changes by analyzing the efficiency of Chinese banks over the period 1998-2012 using two frontier techniques and comparative analysis. The findings suggest that the performance and technical efficiency of the Big Four banks improved considerably after property rights reform, but this improvement is not sufficient to keep the banks at the production frontier. Tobit regressions confirm that static ownership effects are negative but that the property rights reform has had significant and positive effects on the technical efficiency of state-owned commercial banks. GDP growth and the financial crisis have had positive effects on the efficiency of Chinese banks, which is more significant for joint stock commercial banks than state-owned commercial banks. The results indicate the value of ownership reforms of state-owned asset management companies and insurance companies and the establishment of a countercyclical capital buffer.

习近平关于集体林权制度改革重要论述的生成逻辑、实践指向及价值意蕴

基于马克思主义产权理论、中国共产党领导的百年林业改革发展经验和新时代推进林业高质量发展的现实需要等3个层面分析习近平关于集体林权制度改革重要论述的生成逻辑。准确把握习近平关于集体林权制度改革重要论述的鲜明实践指向:坚持正确改革方向、坚持生态美与百姓富的有机统一、坚持人民主体地位、坚持问题导向、坚持顶层设计和基层探索相统一。总结习近平关于集体林权制度改革重要论述的价值意蕴:有利于为切实改善民生福祉、推进林业生态文明建设提供理论指导,同时为全球林业发展贡献中国智慧和中国方案。

集体产权的权能拓展何以促进共同富裕?——基于马克思产权理论的分析

共同富裕是共产主义社会生产的目的,全面、均衡和持续性是其基本要求。从中国实践来看,集体产权的权能扩张可有效盘活闲置或低效利用的集体资源,并且权能拓展可促使集体产权的扩张、发展和变动等特性得以进一步释放。总体来看,集体产权的权能拓展有利于集体内外、城乡共同富裕的实现。但随着改革的深入,个体权利被遮蔽、同一场域内多元主体分化、成效难以持续等问题不断凸显。权能拓展对共同富裕的正向促进可能转为反向阻碍。为解决上述问题,在宏观层面需明确权能拓展与共同富裕间的逻辑关联,微观层面则需强化权利主体的自主性、维持多元主体的均衡性、增强权利实现的可持续性。如此,才能通过集体产权的权能拓展促进共同富裕的实现。

中国林业产权研究热点与变迁趋势——基于CiteSpace和VOSviewer的可视化分析

利用科学知识图谱方法梳理国内林业产权领域研究的热点主题及其变迁趋势,厘清林业产权领域研究的逻辑脉络。综合运用CiteSpace和VOSviewer软件,对中国知网(CNKI)学术期刊数据库中2001-2023年收录的1 540篇相关文献进行知识图谱分析。研究发现:自2001年开始,该领域发文量呈现逐年渐进式增长,至2009年达到顶峰后趋于稳定,但领域内作者和发文机构之间的合作较为松散,且国内林业产权领域研究的发文机构相对集中于高校;结合林业产权领域的研究热点,可大致将该领域的研究内容归纳为关于林业产权制度、碳汇、林业产权交易和中国森林资源产权的研究;结合林业产权领域研究的历史脉络与演化趋势,可以将该领域研究分为3个阶段,包括探索阶段、横向拓展阶段和纵向延伸阶段。未来研究应把握“双碳”新特征,以此推进林业产权领域研究深入发展。

农村集体产权制度改革如何影响农民幸福感?——基于中国乡村振兴调查数据的实证分析

运用中国乡村振兴调查(CRRS)数据库2019年数据,实证检验了农村集体产权制度改革对农村居民幸福感的影响及作用机制,并利用Oaxaca-Blinder分解法探究了未完成改革和完成改革两类村民之间幸福感差异的影响因素及各因素的影响程度。结果显示农村集体产权制度改革显著提高了农村居民幸福感。机制分析表明,农村集体产权制度改革通过壮大村庄集体经济发展水平、减少家庭成员外出就业来增进农村居民幸福感。进一步的异质性分析显示,改革对中低收入和曾经建档立卡贫困户幸福感的促进作用更明显。而结合Oaxaca-Blinder分解结果与农村集体产权制度改革过程中的政策可干预性,增强农民对村干部的信任程度与提升农村治安类公共品供给,是降低改革与未改革两类村民幸福感差异的重要原因。