Laboratory Life:Twenty Years of Experimental Research with Locals and New Comers in Remote Rural Areas

Through the Latour concept of philosophy of science of laboratory life,the life course of a(geo)ethnographer researcher is analyzed,in order to establish the emotional or more personal dimensions that do not usually appear in research papers,but that have notable relevance in qualitative research.The text is structured in three large parts:A conceptual vision of the new experimental geography;the experimental geo-ethnography in old social,new social and place scenarios;and finally,the most personal and emotional dimension of the research.The first part establishes the geo-ethnographic experimental context and the assumptions in fieldwork,in addition to the geo-ethnographic reconciliation process.In the second part,the main qualitative research problems related to mobility,resistance and dynamics in place are established.Finally,in the third part the research perceptions,the personal experiences,and the emotional dimension of the research in remote rural areas are established.The laboratory life of a researcher,allows one to establish scalar conclusions and rigor in qualitative research.

Construction of Rural Grass-roots Water Conservancy Service System in the Context of Institutional Changes

At present,it is urgent to solve problems of reforming and improving grass-roots water conservancy management mode in rural areas and improving rural water conservancy public service ability. Through analyzing institutional changes of grass-roots water conservancy management in rural areas,this paper discussed current situations and outstanding problems in grass-roots water conservancy services in rural areas of Kunming City. On the basis of current situations and problems,it came up with policy recommendations from reform of management institutions,reform of personnel system,construction of human resources,development of rural water use cooperation organizations,and improvement of fund input mechanism,to build rural grass-roots water conservancy service system.

Soil quality and sustainable land use in urban-rural marginal area: a case study of Kaifeng

By using the basic theories of physical geography, land resources and ecology, this article analyzes the soil quality of the rural-urban marginal area in Kaifeng. Computer techniques, based on soil samples analysis, are used to study soil quality changes in the Kaifeng’s rural-urban marginal area. While focusing on nutrient circle key links of input and output in soil, relying on numerous practical survey data, this article reveals clearly the impact of land use change on soil quality.

Reform of Rural Land System from the Perspective of New Urbanization

In view of artificially high urbanization rate of China and possible causes,survey and data analysis methods were used to discuss reform of household registration system,and path for promoting rural land system reform. Results show that it is required to eliminate bottlenecks of land system in the advance of new urbanization process. In line with land system bottlenecks of new urbanization,it is recommended to take following measures.( i) Promoting land right confirmation centered land system reform.( ii) Weakening rural land ownership and stressing land use right.( iii) Establishing urban and rural integrated land market and putting an end to low cost urbanization road.( iv) Realizing asset value of rural construction land and tackling the problem of insufficient construction land.( v) Reforming the land expropriation system and increasing the share of gain in land value to farmers.( vi) Implementing different land policies to promote coordinated development of regional social economy.( vii) Establishing land circulation access system to ensure unchanged land use purpose and high efficient use.

On Rural Medical Care and Health Undertaking Development during New Medical Reform

Based on in-depth survey of township hospitals in Lushan County of Henan Province, this paper studies the development situations of rural medical care and health undertaking in the course of new medical reform. Results show that both rural medical institution and public health undertaking have considerable development in this course. Working capital situation gradually turns better. However, there are still problems and challenge of shortage of high quality medical care personnel, lack of employment mechanism, poor medical environment, and imperfect bidding and purchasing system of medicines. To further develop rural medical situation, it should improve medical environment, speed up informationization construction, and give prominence to functional orientation.

Chinese rural reform:experience,problems and the future

Chinese rural reform has made great achievements and accumulated a wealth of experience since the beginning of reform and opening up 30 years ago.At the core is the rapid and sustained development of the national economy.Currently,there are obstacles in rural reform;for example,the supply and demand of primary products are frequently out of balance,shortages of rural labor occur thanks to structural problems on the supply side,and the equality system between rural and urban citizens has yet to be established.Therefore,to make important breakthroughs,we must change our ideas of controlling the food market;we must improve rural land policy, loosen rural financial supervision,adjust the fiscal expense structure,protect farmers’ legal rights and interests,accelerate the building-up of democracy at the grassroots level,and intensify overall planning and coordination.

乡村振兴战略背景下农村土地制度改革的探索与思考

乡村振兴战略的重点任务在于加强基础产业建设、改善乡村人居环境、建设乡村人才梯队、重构乡村文化个性和完善农村组织治理。其中,农村土地制度改革问题是影响和决定乡村振兴事业的关键。当前,在涉及农村土地使用方面仍存在一些突出问题,在农村承包地“三权分置”改革、宅基地制度试点改革和《土地管理法》修订等制度性改革方面仍有不足。建议:(一)完善巩固农村承包地“三权分置”改革;(二)激发农村集体建设用地入市改革的内生动力;(三)优化农村宅基地配置。

新型城镇化背景下农村土地管理制度优化

农村发展应新型城镇化要求需在相关体制上进行追本溯源的、创新性的改革,尤其是农村的土地管理制度,存在诸多与新型城镇化发展相矛盾的问题。如今,新型城镇化的任务推进能够为农村不断完成新农村建设作出指导。为此,基于新型城镇化背景,探讨了其对农村土地管理制度改革的需求,分析了农村土地管理与新型城镇化的适配度问题,指出了农村土地管理制度中的问题,并针对相关问题提出建设性的优化策略。

基于乡村振兴背景下岭南乡土景观课程改革探究

培养学生服务地方建设的实践能力,提升环境设计专业的人才培养质量。将乡土元素融入现有景观设计课程内容,从课程改革内容所涵盖的教学理念、教学目标、教学方法、教学评价等方面展开,提出方法及举措,优化课程结构。增强了学生服务地方发展的责任感,使学生树立生态化、特色化的乡村景观营造意识,提升了学生专业素养。通过课程改革补强了现有景观课程中的薄弱环节,培养了具有高度岭南文化认同感和中华文化底蕴的应用型人才。

中国式现代化道路探索与发展中的社会流动图景

在人类现代化进程中,工业化和城镇化等社会结构转型是其核心内容,而社会成员在社会分工结构中进行社会流动是其必然的伴生性社会现象。马克思主义唯物史观从生产方式与交往形式的辩证关系出发,揭示了现代化进程中“地域性个人”向“世界历史性个人”转变的基本原理,这启示我们从社会结构现代化转型的角度寻找社会流动的深层规律。作为后发现代化国家,中国人口规模巨大且农村人口基数庞大等基本国情,决定了中国流动人口的规模之巨以及管理和服务流动人口的任务之艰。在中国式现代化探索与发展的历史进程中,中国共产党在不同历史时期基于现实国情采取了不同的流动人口调控机制,形成了社会流动的严控图景、自发图景、赋能图景和自主图景等纵向变迁历程。党的二十届三中全会部署以全面深化改革来保障和推动社会流动的自主图景,尤其是助力个人全面发展的城乡融合图景和区域协调图景,这构成了中国式现代化建设的时代课题。

农村居民收入结构变化及其贡献率分析——以大别山革命老区为例

基于2014—2021年大别山革命老区城市群的农村居民收入数据,采用农村居民收入结构变动贡献率分解模型,对农村居民收入变化、结构演变及增长贡献率进行了研究。结果表明:第一,农村居民收入总体提升了8.64%,但地区间收入差距正逐渐扩大;第二,农村居民工资性收入和转移性收入增长最为显著,而财产性收入增长额度相对较小;第三,农村居民工资性收入和经营性收入占比较高,但呈现下降的趋势,而转移性收入和财产性收入占比虽然较低,却呈现上升的趋势;第四,农村居民工资性收入增长贡献率最高,其次是转移性收入增长贡献率和经营性收入增长贡献率,而财产性收入增长贡献率最低。

借鉴农村改革经验推进乡村全面振兴的探索

自党的十一届三中全会到党的十八大三十多年时间里,农村改革经历了四个阶段。农村改革取得成功的基本经验有:承认并充分保障农民的自主权,把调动广大农民积极性作为制定农村政策的出发点;发展以公有制为主体的多种所有制经济,探索和完善农村公有制的有效实现形式;坚持以市场为取向的改革,为农村经济注入新的活力;充分尊重农民的首创精神,依靠群众推进改革的伟大事业;从全局出发,高度重视农业,使农村改革和城市改革相互配合、协调发展。借鉴这些经验,推进乡村全面振兴,要把解决好“三农”问题作为全党工作的重中之重,把解决好十几亿人口的吃饭问题作为治国安邦的头等大事,坚持走中国特色农业现代化道路,正确处理改革、发展、稳定三者的关系,推进渐进式建设,处理好效率与公平的关系。

“十三五”期间杭州市农村地区环境空气质量变化趋势及臭氧影响研究

杭州市作为我国东部沿海地区的一个重要城市,近年来其农村地区面临着日益严峻的环境空气质量问题。2016—2020年杭州市农村地区空气质量综合指数呈现总体下降趋势,综合指数从2016年的1.91下降到2020年的1.66,但臭氧O3的浓度总体呈上升趋势,首要污染物O3占比从2016年的6.5%上升到2020年的26.7%。O3是一种高度植物毒性的空气污染物,会影响水稻、小麦和玉米等主要粮食作物的产量。“十三五”期间公顷粮食产量随着首要污染物O3占比的上升总体上呈下降趋势,对比国内外研究结果,O3对粮食产量存在一定影响。

农业强国、乡村振兴与农业农村现代化——新时代“三农”政策范式解析

从党的十九大到党的二十大,中央针对新时代“三农”工作,先后提出了乡村振兴、农业农村现代化和农业强国三大政策范式。从政策逻辑上讲,农业强国是乡村全面振兴的国家表现,是农业农村现代化的全球表达,是社会主义现代化强国的重要表征。现阶段,农业强国的政策范式并未超出农业农村现代化的基本范畴。建设农业强国的底层逻辑在于处理好农业现代化与农村现代化的相对性关系,推进农业农村现代化均衡协调发展;建设农业强国的底盘支撑在于深化农政改革,尽快拿出市场建制、城乡布局、治理体制等方面的“最小一揽子”改革方案。

农业农村现代化背景下边境牧区“乡村振兴”战略的推进逻辑

乡村振兴战略是边境牧区实现现代化治理与高质量发展的重要承载,全面推进乡村振兴也是党的二十大报告明确的目标任务。牧区现代化政策是内蒙古自治区推进牧区振兴的重要政策载体。内蒙古自治区新巴尔虎右旗的田野调查资料显示,牧区现代化政策试点为实现边境牧区的现代化打开政策窗口。坚持“生态优先、绿色发展”的理念定位、“铸牢中华民族共同体意识”的认同导向、“政社联动”的主体关系、“组织起来”的现实载体,是新巴尔虎右旗试点工作取得突出成绩的基本逻辑。边境牧区因地制宜借鉴新巴尔虎右旗的试点经验来推进乡村振兴战略,要坚持中国共产党的集中统一领导,处理好“制度”与“生活”的协同构造关系,进一步完善推广生产经营制度改革经验,以新型集体经济发展和人才振兴为突破口来推进边境牧区全面振兴。

Women at the Change of Life——Comparisons of Menopausal Symptoms of Women in Urban and Rural Areas

IT is very important to talk about women’s life quality when they approach the age of menopause. The results of a research investigation on the "Mental and Health Condition of Rural/Urban Women at Menopause" and the "Common Mental and Health Problems of Women at Menopause and its Treatment in Nanjing," reveal that the incidence

新农科背景下加强耕读教育涵养“三农”情怀的意义及路径探究--以玉林师范学院为例

新农科背景下,实现农业农村现代化、全面推进乡村振兴、完成中华民族伟大复兴,离不开既具备过硬技术,又厚植爱国精神和“三农”情怀新型农业人才。该文以地方涉农高校为例,提出将耕读教育与思政教育深度融合,建设耕读教育特色课程及教材体系,强化耕读教育实践体系,加强师资培训、打造优质师资,营造耕读传家特色校园文化等加强耕读教育,以提升“三农”情怀教育的实效,为新农科建设、现代农业发展培养懂农业、爱农村、爱农民的新型农业人才。

“果树生产技术”“1+4+2+1”课程思政实施路径探索与实践

课程是高校实现人才培养的最基本单元,是思想政治育人的主要阵地。在新农科背景下,为了培养“知农、爱农、兴农”的高素质技术技能型人才,将课程思政理念、目标及方法融入专业课程教学过程中,发挥课程思政育人功能,实现了全程育人、全方位育人和全员育人。以“果树生产技术”课程为例,通过确立1个课程思政目标、打造4类教学“金课”、构建2结合评价体系、创新1类思想政治育人模式,从而探索出具有农林特色的“1+4+2+1”课程思政实施路径。

白洋淀流域农村居民点时空演变特征及其影响因素研究

研究农村居民点的时空演变特征及其影响因素对优化国土空间布局具有重要意义。以白洋淀上下游涉及的河北省35个县(市、区)为研究区域,基于1990年、2000年、2010年、2020年4期遥感影像及统计年鉴,结合遥感技术,利用GIS空间分析功能提取白洋淀流域农村居民点信息,从区域—城镇—农村三个角度构建影响农村居民点演变的指标体系,分析农村居民点时间和空间演变特征;通过构建多元线性回归模型,提取影响农村居民点演变的因素。结果表明:(1)1990—2020年白洋淀流域农村居民点面积呈逐年增加趋势,增加速率由快转慢,再转快,呈“V”字形;(2)白洋淀流域中部和东南部农村居民点面积分布较广,居民点分布较密集,中西部居民点较为稀疏;(3)地形因素、人口因素、交通因素对农村居民点时空演变特征具有显著影响。把握白洋淀流域农村居民点时空演变特征及其影响因素能够为白洋淀流域农村合理规划村庄布局提供依据。