Socio-economic development of countries based on the Composite Country Development Index(CCDI)

World experience indicates the existence of significant imbalances in the development of countries.The problem of assessing the rational development of the regional and national economy is becoming urgent,since such assessments can prevent development imbalances across countries.The aim of this study is to elaborate a methodology to assess the countries’socio-economic development by integraring 12 modern indices of socio-economic development into the Composite Country Development Index(CCDI).The methodology of this research was based on a set of key indices that described socio-economic development level in four fields(social development,digital development,economic development,and environmental security)and then these indices were integrated into the CCDI.The study further applied factor analysis and R-Studio software to define the gaps of social and economic development in 59 selected countries using the trigonometric function of the angle sine.The correlation analysis confirmed the existence of a close interrelation among the studied countries.This paper noted that due to the emergence of new priorities,it is necessary to revise the assessment methodology of socio-economic development level and expand them to cover the decisive factors.This was confirmed by the results obtained,demonstrating various combinations of the development level in the four fields and their impact on the CCDI.The scientific contribution of this research is to form a methodology(e.g.,the CCDI)for evaluating the socio-economic development level of countries in the world.

Is economic fitness helpful in achieving environmental sustainability in BRICS economies?A risk exposure perspective

A country’s ability to create complex goods and diversify its lines of products is essential for addressing all types of vulnerabilities.Quantifying a country’s vulnerability to extreme climatic events,such as droughts,superstorms,and other natural disasters,and its capacity for successful adaption,is an essential global need that has been ignored.This study examines the role of economic fitness(EF)in addressing climate change risk ex‐posure in BRICS countries in the context of the environmental Kuznets curve using panel data from 1995 to 2015.Panel threshold methodology is employed to ascertain the nonlinear relationship between EF and climate change risk exposure(i.e.,Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative Country Index(ND-GAIN)).In addition,empirical associations were estimated using panel-corrected standard errors,Driscoll-Kraay standard errors,and feasible generalized least squares estimation techniques.These findings demonstrated an inverted N shaped link between EF and ND-GAIN.Moreover,even after controlling for significant ND-GAIN influencing variables such as gross domestic product per capita,financial development,and urbanization,our robustness checks revealed significant and consistent findings.

Impact of taxes on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development:Evidence from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD)countries

Multiple ecological and socioeconomic problems have occurred worldwide,raising the awareness of sustainability.This study aims to examine the impact of taxes on Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)in the context of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)countries.This research used effective average tax(EAT),tax on personal income(TPI),tax on corporate profits(TCP),and tax on goods and services(TGS)as the variables of taxes,and employed secondary data from 38 OECD countries covering 2000–2021.The study also used Breusch-Pagan Lagrange Multiplier(LM),Pesaran Scaled LM,Bias-Corrected Scaled LM,and Pesaran Cross-sectional dependence(CSD)tests to analyze the existence of crosssectional dependency.Then,we established the stationarity of variables through second-generation panel unit root tests(Cross-sectional Augmented Dickey-Fuller(CADF)and Cross-sectional Im,Pesaran,and Shin(CIPS)),and confirmed the long-run cointegration of the variables by using secondgeneration panel cointegration test(Westerlund cointegration test).The results showed that EAT,TPI,TCP,and TGS are positively associated with SDGs.However,the change in TPI has a smaller effect on SDGs than the change in EAT or TCP or TGS.The result of panel causality indicated that EAT,TPI,and TGS have a unidirectional causal relationship with SDGs.The study also found that TCP has a bi-directional causal relationship with SDGs.Moreover,the finding indicated that the OECD countries need to focus on tax policies to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.This study is based on the theory of optimal taxation(TOT),which suggests that tax systems should be designed to maximize social welfare.Finally,we suggests the importance of taking a comprehensive approach for the managers and policy-makers when analyzing the impact of taxes on SDGs.

Exploring New Ways to Deepen the Reform of State-owned Foreign Economic and Trade Enterprises

By the end of the century, the reform and development of China’s state-owned enterprises will create new prospects. The reform of state-owned foreign economic and trade enterprises should also see further breakthroughs. At present, the following aspects are important: 1. Implement a Holdings System in the Reform of State-owned Foreign Economic and Trade Enterprises. The holdings system plays a major role in transferring the management mechanism of state-owned foreign economic and

Investigation on the Regional Branding Mode of Modern Agriculture in Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone——From the Perspective of Country-of-origin Image

The theory of the country-of-origin image is discussed and the natural relations between county-of-origin image and the regional brand are explored.The paper points out that the dispersion of agriculture has intensified the natural relations to a large extent.The paper probes into the branding status of agriculture in Guanzhong-Tianshui economic zone and points out the problems of it.In the first place,the agricultural industrial system is complete but there is no unified agricultural regional brand;in the second place,the weak awareness on protecting brand leads to the irrational behaviors on damaging brand.From the perspective of the image of the country of origin,the branding mode of agriculture is established and the countermeasures on improving the competitiveness of agricultural products are put forward.Firstly,the leading role of the government should be fully displayed;secondly,the image protection of original production place and regional brand promotion of the agricultural region should be intensified;thirdly,the functions of local pillar industries in protecting image and regional branding should be fully made use of.

China:Political, Social, and Economic Reforms from 1700s to the Present

Chinese social and economic history is both influenced by and,to a certain extent,married with Chinese political regimes.Various political dynasties from the past have each exercised significant control of Chinese social and economic environments,and continue to exert influence even to the present day.Three of these influential periods include the Kang Qian Flourishing Age(1723-1796),the Qing Dynasty Decline(1800s-1912),and the People’s Republic of China Communist Control(1949-present).A review and in-depth examination of each regime helps to both understand where China is today and also how it is likely to evolve in the future.

On the Function of Government during the Economic Transformation in Our Country

The paper analyses the necessity of government playing a role in the economic transformation and the government function in the process of economic transformation to definite the role of state government of China in the process of economy transformation.

The Economic Contribution and World Influence of China's Reform and Development Governance

This article summarizes a series of valuable accomplishments of China's government in promoting economic development, reducing poverty, maintaining social stability, and increasing people's prosperity since 1949. It summarizes the economic analysis framework of development governance in mainstream economics, and further analyzes the connotations and extensions of the conceptual framework. This paper also summarizes some of the core economic characteristics embodied in China's Reform and Development Governance since the reform, and further explores the necessity and direction of its future modernization and its impacts on different countries and regions in the world.

Supply-Side Structural Reforms and China's Potential Economic Growth Rate

This paper examines the effect of supply-side structural reforms on China＇s potential economic growth rate in the coming decade according to the data the authors have gathered. Under the rapid growth scenario with the implementation of supply-side structural reforms, China＇s potential economic growth rate will reach an average of 6.5% and 5.8% respectively in the 13th Five-year Plan （2016-2020） and 14th Five-year Plan （2021-2025） periods. These rates are 0.2 and 0.3 percentage points higher, respectively, than that under the baseline scenario with the inertia of historic trends. In implementing supply-side structural reforms, China must transform governmental functions, break monopolies, create a comprehensive competitive market environment, foster the creation of pro-innovation mechanisms, refocus on quality and efficiency, and raise capital utilization and labor productivity.

Analysis of certain differential equation models in the economic system

The basic contradiction of socialist society is still a contradiction between the relations of production and productivity, the superstructure and the economic base. This contradiction is concentrated in the production relations and a series of interconnected links and aspects in the superstructure that don＇t match the development of the productivity, these links and they are concentrated in the economic system. Therefore, reforming the economic system is to reform the production relations and a series of interconnected links and aspects in the superstructure that don＇t match the development of the productivity under the premise of adhering to the basic system of socialism. This re^brm is a self-improvement and development of the socialist system in order to promote the development of the socialist productive forces and the development of socialist modernization greatly.

Policy Towards Gender Equality in Employment in a Globalizing Economy——An outline of the analysis report on the impacts of China's economic reform on women employment

1.This study is one of The Applied Economic Institutes Linkages Project(AERIL)which is funded by theCanadian International Development Agency(CIDA)and jiontly managed by The Conference Board of Canada(CBOC)and the International Trade Research Institute in China.It is jointly implemented by the Institute ofEconomic Research of the Chinese State Planning Commission and the North—South Institute of Canada。

CONSTANTLY IMPROVE AND DEVELOP INTERNATIONAL PATENT SYSTEM,PROMOTE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD

When the human society steps into a new epoch, we, in cooperation with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), hold the Sino-African Intellectual Property Forum, on which we may exchange experiences in developing intellectual property systems and discuss issues of common concern. The themes listed in the agenda not only mirror the emerging issues of the development of the international intellectual property system, but also carry significant weight to

Research on the Supply-Side Reform Promotes Economic Growth Model in Xi’an

Xi’an is situated at west China, the industrial structure the restriction function which grows to the economy is not balanced more obvious, uni？ es the Xi’an actual situation, speeds up the supplies side constitutive property reform, the promotion industrial structure optimized promotion appears especially importantly. Firstly, this paper analyzes the present situation and development trend of supply-side reform at home and abroad. Based on the situation of Xi’an, the author analyzes ？ ve production-side reforms, such as “de-production,” “de-stocking,” “deleveraging”, “cost reduction” The author puts forward the main problems of Xi’an’s supply-side reform to promote economic growth. Finally, it puts forward the path choice of supply-side reform to promote economic growth in Xi’an. Adhere to reform and expand and demand side, supply side in xian accurate docking, supply and demand in xi ‘an supply side reform should constantly improve production quality, give full play to the market on the supply side of the reform main body role and foster the subject of the new.

A Comparative Study of Development and Reform of Urban-Rural Integration in Chengdu and Chongqing Based on System Theory

Chengdu and Chongqing,as two core cities in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle,have always been in the front rank of development and reform of urban-rural integration in China.But due to different basic conditions,ideas and priorities are different in the two cities.This paper establishes an analysis framework based on system theory,conducts a systematic comparison on the development and reform of urban-rural integration in the two cities to achieve a comprehensive comparison study and finds out that:(a) Owing to different basic conditions,Chengdu and Chongqing have adopted different reform ideas and measures.Chengdu places more emphasis on systematic advancement,while Chongqing attaches more importance to key breakthroughs.(b) Chengdu’s high level shows that in the practice of urban-rural integration,independent policies and measures in local areas have limited effects.System efficiency can surpass the sum of local areas’ efficiencies only if a systematic method is adopted to comprehensively promote policies and measures for institutional innovations in various fields.

Chinese and US S&T Innovation Policies and Their Effects on Economic Growth Potentials

Since the eruption of the recent global financial crisis, major countries have been pushing forward structural reforms with science and technology （S＆T） innovation at the heart. Since taking office, US President Donald Trump has adopted an ＂America First＂ strategy but has yet to specify a clear S＆T innovation policy. However, Trump＇s current policies have already affected S＆T innovation and his planned budget cuts will impact US growth potentials. Compared with the US, China is steadily implementing its innovation-driven development strategy with significant improvement in S＆ T innovation that increasingly supports economic growth. To spur future economic growth, China should steadfastly follow its S＆T innovation strategy, promote the utilization of S＆T innovation results, boost its economic growth potentials and make the most of global innovation resources.

Impact of the World's New Technological Revolution on Economic Development and Educational Reform in the Information Age

The fourth industrial revolution of human society is also known as the"world's new technological revolution,"which has brought human society into the information age and has had an extremely important impact on economic development and educational reform.In the information age,economic development and wealth creation are dominated by the acquisition,mastery,distribution,and utilization of information instead of capital.Therefore,the cultivation of talents is very important,and educational reform is imperative with the rise of the world's new technological revolution.

Impact of the World’s New Technological Revolution on Economic Development and Educational Reform in the Information Age

The fourth industrial revolution of human society is also known as the“world’s new technological revolution,”which has brought human society into the information age and has had an extremely important impact on economic development and educational reform.In the information age,economic development and wealth creation are dominated by the acquisition,mastery,distribution,and utilization of information instead of capital.Therefore,the cultivation of talents is very important,and educational reform is imperative with the rise of the world’s new technological revolution.

The Soft Power of India Viewed from Its Economic Reform

India's economic reform started from the realm of finance, which is within the category of soft power of a country. The wax and wane of the overall power of a country is largely determined by the interplay of hard and soft pwers in question. India's soft power has its own characteristics and advantages, which chiefly manifest in its culture, parliamentary democracy, education and finance. In the 21st century, these advantages will continue to have significant play.

On College English Reform from the Perspective of Language Economics

From the perspective of Language Economics,language education(including second language or foreign language education)is an economically valuable investment that has the function of promoting social development.However,there is an imbalance in the input and output of China’s college English education.From the perspective of language economics,this article focuses on the reform of College English courses in order to improve the efficiency of English teaching in common universities.

Economic reform, open-door policy and changes in spatial development patterns in China

The study profiles and explains the significant changes that have taken place in China's spatial development patterns since the inception of its economic reform and opening two decades ago. Principal component analysis is used to delineate spatial patterns. The analyses show that prior to the reform China's spatial development pattern was characterized by the dominance of the three municipalities and the Northeast, as well as by both the coast-interior and the north-south disparities. Northern provinces were generally more industrialized and economically powerful than the southern ones. After two decades of reform, regional development has become multi-centered with South China, the Yangtze Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin area being the three most important regions of the country. The coastal provinces as a whole rose to prominence on China's economic map while the Northeast has diminished its clout. The coast-interior gap not only remains but may have widened. The north-south disparity also still exists but there has been a role reversal with the south now in the lead position. Virtually all inland provinces now find themselves at or near the low end of the development spectrum. We argue that the major reason for the recent shifts in Chinese space economy is the spatially differentiated economic growth resulted from the reform and open door policy and from the new, uneven development strategy adopted by the Chinese government. The paper discusses four specific factors that have reshaped China's spatial development patterns.