Machine learning-driven optimization of plasma-catalytic dry reforming of methane

This study investigates the dry reformation of methane(DRM)over Ni/Al_(2)O_(3)catalysts in a dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)non-thermal plasma reactor.A novel hybrid machine learning(ML)model is developed to optimize the plasma-catalytic DRM reaction with limited experimental data.To address the non-linear and complex nature of the plasma-catalytic DRM process,the hybrid ML model integrates three well-established algorithms:regression trees,support vector regression,and artificial neural networks.A genetic algorithm(GA)is then used to optimize the hyperparameters of each algorithm within the hybrid ML model.The ML model achieved excellent agreement with the experimental data,demonstrating its efficacy in accurately predicting and optimizing the DRM process.The model was subsequently used to investigate the impact of various operating parameters on the plasma-catalytic DRM performance.We found that the optimal discharge power(20 W),CO_(2)/CH_(4)molar ratio(1.5),and Ni loading(7.8 wt%)resulted in the maximum energy yield at a total flow rate of∼51 mL/min.Furthermore,we investigated the relative significance of each operating parameter on the performance of the plasma-catalytic DRM process.The results show that the total flow rate had the greatest influence on the conversion,with a significance exceeding 35%for each output,while the Ni loading had the least impact on the overall reaction performance.This hybrid model demonstrates a remarkable ability to extract valuable insights from limited datasets,enabling the development and optimization of more efficient and selective plasma-catalytic chemical processes.

Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of a Whole Industrial Catalytic Naphtha Reforming Process on Aspen Plus Platform

A new 18-lump kinetic model for naphtha catalytic reforming reactions is discussed. By developing this model as a user module, a whole industrial continuous catalytic reforming process is simulated on Aspen plus plat-form. The technique utilizes the strong databases, complete sets of modules, and flexible simulation tools of the Aspen plus system and retains the characteristics of the proposed kinetic model. The calculated results are in fair agreement with the actual operating data. Based on the model of the whole reforming process, the process is opti-mized and the optimization results are tested in the actual industrial unit for about two months. The test shows that the process profit increases about 1000yuan·h-1 averagely, which is close to the calculated result.

SIMULATION ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF STEAM REFORMING PROCESS FOR A LARGE-SCALE AMMONIA PLANT

The present paper shows how the Schuster Schwarzschild method developed originally inastrophysics can be adopted to simulate the performance of the primary reforming furnace in an am-monia plant.This method facilitates the simulation of heat transfer and reaction in the furnace andimproves the computational efficiency.Simulation analysis is carried out to find ways of saving ener-gy.Appropriate reduction in fuel gas loading and partially shifting of the reforming load from theprimary to the secondary reformer by regulating the operating conditions can result in substantial en-ergy saving.Optimization calculations with various objective functions and constraints required areperformed.The optimization results may serve as guideline for plant operation and control.

Real-Time Optimization Model for Continuous Reforming Regenerator

An approach for the simulation and optimization of continuous catalyst-regenerative process of reforming is proposed in this paper.Compared to traditional method such as finite difference method,the orthogonal collocation method is less time-consuming and more accurate,which can meet the requirement of real-time optimization(RTO).In this paper,the equation-oriented method combined with the orthogonal collocation method and the finite difference method is adopted to build the RTO model for catalytic reforming regenerator.The orthogonal collocation method was adopted to discretize the differential equations and sequential quadratic programming(SQP)algorithm was used to solve the algebraic equations.The rate constants,active energy and reaction order were estimated,with the sum of relative errors between actual value and simulated value serving as optimization objective function.The model can quickly predict the fields of component concentration,temperature and pressure inside the regenerator under different conditions,as well as the real-time optimized conditions for industrial reforming regenerator.

Research on the Inevitability of Soccer Teaching Reform in Colleges and the Optimization

The soccer is an extremely universal movement that has received populace’s affection, natural, the soccer teaching also entered university’s classroom that becomes in the university physical education the important constituent. Speaking of the university students, the soccer is not merely the simple sports project which may help the student more importantly to build up strength the healthy body, enriches own after school life, therefore has received the general university student’s affection, moreover the soccer also has the unique charm, it has the oneself quite obvious characteristic in the sports, for instance its grouping development, location request and so on, these all deep attraction student vision, simultaneously also have been receiving the social people from all walks of life’s widespread attention. Nowadays, in the physical education curriculum of colleges and universities, the teaching of students’ football is mainly the knowledge and skill of soccer, ignoring the cooperation between the students. This traditional teaching mode cannot adapt to the teaching reform and quality education The implementation of physical education teachers in the teaching of football has been controversial and questioned, this is all the college physical education teachers face new challenges and new problems. This paper mainly analyzes and discusses the problems existing in college football teaching, aiming at these problems puts forward the corresponding reform measures and optimization strategy, and hope to provide certain reference for the development of football teaching in colleges and universities.

Optimization Analysis of Rural Finance Based on Supply-Side Structural Reform

As the country has been placing greater emphasis on agricultural development,rural finance based on supply-side structural reform has achieved tremendous growth.However,investigations have found that the rural financial market still has problems in its service modes,organizational systems,product innovation,and risk evaluation,thus requiring urgent attention.Therefore,this study analyzes and expounds on these problems from the aforementioned four aspects and proposes the following solutions:encourage the creation of agricultural service institutions,establish and improve the rural financial organization system,vigorously develop new rustic financial products,and strengthen the risk supervision and management of financial markets.Only in this way can the agricultural supply-side structural reform and the innovative development of rural finance be realized.

Multiobjective Optimization of the Industrial Naphtha Catalytic Re-forming Process

In this article, a multiobjective optimization strategy for an industrial naphtha continuous catalytic reform-ing process that aims to obtain aromatic products is proposed. The process model is based on a 20-lumped kinetics re-action network and has been proved to be quite effective in terms of industrial application. The primary objectives in-clude maximization of yield of the aromatics and minimization of the yield of heavy aromatics. Four reactor inlet tem-peratures, reaction pressure, and hydrogen-to-oil molar ratio are selected as the decision variables. A genetic algorithm, which is proposed by the authors and named as the neighborhood and archived genetic algorithm (NAGA), is applied to solve this multiobjective optimization problem. The relations between each decision variable and the two objectives are also proposed and used for choosing a suitable solution from the obtained Pareto set.

How to Optimize the Structure of Agricultural Products in the Context of Reform of the Supply Front?

Based on reform of the supply front,this paper analyzes the main constraints on China's current structure of agricultural products,including irrational allocation of resources between agricultural products,prominent problems concerning agricultural product quality and safety,disconnection between market demand and agricultural product R&D,and low processing capacity of agricultural products. Based on summing up the experience of the countries with developed agriculture,this paper proposes the path and mechanism for the optimization of structure of agricultural products in China: optimizing resource allocation of agricultural products; improving the quality of agricultural products; enhancing the R&D capacity of agricultural enterprises; promoting the processing and conversion capacity of agricultural products; perfecting the policy support and subsidy mode.

Measures for Optimization of Aromatic-type and Gasoline-type CCR Technology

This article based on the target products manufactured by the gasoline-type and aromatic-type continuous catalytic reforming (CCR) units makes an assessment on the technical indicators of these cata- lytic reforming units. This article also explores the technical measures for maximizing the target products delivered by the gasoline-type and aromatic-type CCR units with respect to the selection of catalysts, the optimization of feedstock and the optimized operating regime.

Optimization of Pension Asset Portfolio in Nigeria with Contributors’ Specified Return Rate

This work focuses on the optimization of investment contributions of pension asset with a view to improving contributors’ participation in achieving better return on investment (RoI) of their funds. We viewed some new regulations on Nigeria’s Contributory Pension Scheme” (CPS) from amended legislation of 2014, some of which are yet to be implemented when their regulations are approved. A mathematical model involving 5 variables, 5 inequality constraints covering regulatory limitations and limitation on scarce resource known as Asset Under Management (AUM), suggested and mathematically shown to be possible through “maximization of return irrespective of risk” while obeying all regulatory controls as our constraints optimized. Optimized portfolio using MatLab shows that the portfolio representing AES 2013 portfolio with a deficit growth of 15.75 m representing 3.27% less than the portfolio’s full growth potential within defined assumptions would have been averted if contributors actually set their targets and investment managers optimize from forecasts of future prices using trend analysis.

Research and building of optimization measures of college English teaching

more and more people recognize the speed and level of development of a university depends not only on the level of the school of thought and teacher but also on the laboratory construction and management level. Over the years many famous scholars and experts from many aspects and multidimensional perspective discusses the role and importance of laboratory work and practice of education and teaching, practice shows that： the degree of awareness and attention to a university laboratory construction and practice teaching in a sense reflects the understanding of the university personnel training and higher education. In the past, ＂focus on the theory and lighten the practice,＂ the idea has far-reaching impact, now we want to change old ideas; this is because in today＇ s quality education, construction, laboratory and practical education reform teaching content and methods are a part of education reform. We attach great importance to the English school laboratory building. In the new campus, the school has invested heavily to build five advanced equipment, it is a leading English Autonomous Learning Center. Independent Learning Centre is to stimulate students ＇interest in learning, develop students＇ ability to multi-faceted, full use modern teaching equipment to improve English skills platform of independent centers of learning effect.

Reform and Implementation of Teaching Management for Medical Graduate Students

With the expansion of medical graduate enrollment, there are some problems in graduate teaching management, such as shortage of faculty, insufficient funding, and single assessment management. This can be solved by improving the quality of enrollment, strengthening process management and quality monitoring, enhancing the quality of mentors, and building a management team. This provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the management of graduate education in medical colleges, which helps to improve the quality of graduate education and cultivate more high-quality medical talents for the national healthcare industry.

“大、小、重、慢”疾病定义与全科医生“4善”定位的探讨

随着我国医药卫生体制的深度改革,特别是分级诊疗制度的推进,全科医生在基层医疗保健体系中的角色日益重要。全科医生不仅是居民健康的第一道防线,更是常见疾病预防、诊断、治疗及健康教育的关键执行者。国家对全科医生提出了“小病善治、大病善识、重病善转、慢病善管”的临床定位。本文通过问答形式,分析“小、大、重、慢”疾病的分类与全科医生的“4善”定位,探讨全科医生在新医改时代下的重要职能及挑战。访谈者认为虽然分级诊疗制度旨在优化医疗资源配置,但在实践中仍面临“大、小、重、慢”疾病分类的模糊性和基层医疗资源的不均衡分配等问题。全科医生在这个体系中扮演着至关重要的角色,其需要具备综合的临床诊疗能力,并与专科医生共同制定临床判断标准和诊疗标准。为了应对这些挑战并充分发挥全科医生在现代医疗体系中的作用,迫切需要对全科医学教育和实践进行进一步改革与优化,同时强化全科医生的角色定位,以确保在提升医疗服务质量和效率的同时,实现公平和可持续的健康保障体系。

High-efficient solar-driven hydrogen production by full-spectrum synergistic photo-thermo-catalytic methanol steam reforming with in-situ photoreduced Pt-CuO_(x) catalyst

Synergy between the intrinsic photon and thermal effects from full-spectrum sunlight for H_(2) production is considered to be central to further improve solar-driven H_(2) production.To that end,the photo-thermocatalyst that demonstrates both photoelectronic and photothermal conversion capabilities have drawn much attention recently.Here,we propose a novel synergistic full-spectrum photo-thermo-catalysis technique for high-efficient H_(2) production by solar-driven methanol steam reforming(MSR),along with the Pt-Cu Oxphoto-thermo-catalyst featuring Pt-Cu/Cu_(2)O/CuO heterojunctions by Pt-mediated in-situ photoreduction of Cu O.The results show that the H_(2) production performance rises superlinearly with increasing light intensity.The optimal H_(2) production rate of 1.6 mol g^(-1) h^(-1) with the corresponding solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 7%and the CO selectivity of 5%is achieved under 15×sun full-spectrum irradiance(1×sun=1 k W m^(-2))at 180°C,which is much more efficient than the previously-reported Cu-based thermo-catalysts for MSR normally operating at 250~350°C.These attractive performances result from the optimized reaction kinetics in terms of intensified intermediate adsorption and accelerated carrier transfer by long-wave photothermal effect,and reduced activation barrier by short-wave photoelectronic effect,due to the broadened full-spectrum absorbability of catalyst.This work has brought us into the innovative technology of full-spectrum synergistic photothermo-catalysis,which is envisioned to expand the application fields of high-efficient solar fuel production.

Strategic Perspectives on China's New Round of Tax Reform

China's current tax structure is seriously out of balance.It is dominated by indirect tax primarily paid by firms,and the share of direct tax is limited and the share of direct tax paid by households and individuals is still more limited.In order to achieve a more equitable distribution of the tax burden,the tax reform initiated by the Third Plenum of the 18 th CPC Central Committee mandated increasing the direct tax and reducing the indirect tax as key priorities to improve China's tax structure.

Emerson＇s Views on Reform

As the most influential representative of New England Transcendentalism, Ralph Waldo Emerson has been commonly known as a man of letters and a prophet of religion. Yet, at the same time, he was also questioned by some scholars who argued that Emerson remained aloof and indifferent to both politics and reforms. Scrutinizing the addresses, essays as well as other published writings of Emerson, we can have a better understanding of his deep thought and wisdom concerning reform, and fully realize his great influence. Based on analyzing two essential aspects of Emerson＇s views on reform, this paper points out that Emerson＇s views on reform are of historical importance; and his views can also provide realistic reference and guidance to the current social reform in China.

Research on the Operation Mechanism of Claim in Civil Procedure Law and the Applications on Court Trial Way Reform

In this paper, we conduct research on the operation mechanism of claim in civil procedure law and the applications on the court trial way reform. The ultimate goal of the rule of law lies in identifying and protecting the rights of citizens. Way to protect the rights of citizens is diverse, but the judicial relief is the most basic and important form of insurance. Everyone can “into” the court and get the impartiality of the judicial relief, is a measure of a country judicial level height and the rule of law implementation degree of important yardstick. Judicial system and judicial procedure to build and build a better, if the subject of litigation rights are not being met and the safeguard, can’t get through the door and it is the legislators and legal scholars over the many efforts are meaningless, under this basic condition, we propose the new perspective on the corresponding issues that is necessary.

基于“专创融合”的统计学类专业创新型人才培养体系探索与实践

大数据时代背景下,统计学类专业发展迎来新机遇,统计学类专业人才培养面临新挑战,对统计学类专业人才培养体系进行新的探索实践已是大势所趋。针对统计学类专业创新型人才培养中存在的思政教育与专业教育结合不紧密、课程教学中未能建立有效的实践能力培养机制、实践创新教育的过程管理与评价体系不健全及专业实践教学融合度低等问题,提出重塑课程能力培养机制,健全实践教学模式,构建实践教学管理协同机制等适应“专创融合”发展的创新型人才培养模式优化路径。形成以“专业教育”为经、以“创新创业教育”为纬,全链条式的“专创融合”教育模式,有效促进专业教育与创新创业教育深度融合,实现统计学类专业人才培养质量的内涵式发展。

增值税减税能否提高制造业企业全要素生产率?--基于增值税税率下调事件的经验研究

深化税制改革是激发市场主体活力、加快制造业转型、实现经济高质量发展的重要路径。基于2016—2020年中国沪深A股上市公司数据,研究了2018年和2019年增值税税率下调对制造业企业全要素生产率的影响。研究发现,增值税减税提高了制造业企业的全要素生产率。异质性分析结果显示,对于市场竞争地位高、国有产权、处于成熟期以及高市场化地区的企业而言,增值税减税对全要素生产率的提升效应显著。渠道分析表明,研发投入、人力资本投入以及资本配置效率是增值税减税影响企业全要素生产率的主要渠道。因此,政府部门应继续深化增值税改革,缩小制造业与其他行业的税率差异,切实减轻制造业企业税收负担,同时应加大对民营、初创等弱势企业的财政扶持力度,全面提高各类企业的全要素生产率。

基于教学过程最优化理论的“三课六段”教学模式建构与实践

教学模式是基于教育理论和经验的教学系统设计,是达成教学目标的教学运行系统,不同的教学模式对教师的教学效能有不同的影响,教学模式的优劣从某种意义上说决定着人才培养质量的高低。厘清教学模式建构的逻辑内涵,消除教学模式建构中的标新立异、盲目创新等问题,依据教学过程最优化理论,从教学文化的高度建构适合“教”与“学”双维取向的“三课六段”教学模式,并在具体教学情境中加以灵活运用,发挥教学模式改变教学结构和教学行为的作用,实现教学过程最优化效果。