Effects of China's Administrative Approval Reforms on Transaction Cost and Economic Growth

China＇s economic growth miracle despite complicated administrative approval formalities prompted us to raise the following question： ls it true that reforming administrative approval will promote economic growth？ Based on our analysis on market entry, we discovered that reforming administrative approval will spur economic growth by reducing transaction cost for firms. Administrative approval may suppress social cost and propel China＇s economic growth; China＇s gradualist approval reforms may indeed propel economic growth by reducing transaction cost for firms. With the data of prefecture-level cities during 2000-2013 and data of companies listed on the SME board during 2010-2014, we tested the effects of approval reforms on economic growth and on transaction cost, and employed instrumental variable and PSM for the treatment of the endogeneity problem - all these tests led to robust and consistent results. Moreover, we discovered that difference in government policy implementation in the approval process is the root cause of corruption and rent seeking.

Administrative reforms and the impacts on rural-urban relations in China

New and distinctive regions of economic interaction and growth, known as Extended Metropolitan Regions (EMRs), are emerging in China. This paper will examine the role of the various levels of the Chinese governments and their administrative reforms in the development of one of the urbanising regions in China: the Shenyang Dalian EMR, Liaoning Province. It is primarily concerned with to what extent EMR's spatial growth pattern is influenced by governmental policies and how the changes in administrative boundaries have impacted rural urban relations.

A Study on the Reform of China's Agricultural Administration System

After various reforms,China's agricultural administration system has been changing functions and improving structure,and it has basically met the requirements of agricultural and rural economic development,but in some areas,it can not be adapted to modern agricultural development. Based on the analysis of the necessity of improving agricultural administration system and the problems in current agricultural administration system,this paper comes up with the viable path choice of China's agricultural administration system reform.

Judicial Administration Reform Promotes Human Rights——An interview with Zhang Sujun,Vice-Minister of Justice

Following is a transcript of an interview given to Human Rights by Zhang Sujun, China＇s Vice-Minister of Justice, on how the on-going judicial administration reform promotes the protection of human rights in the country.

How to Optimize the Management of Science and Technology Funds in Colleges and Universities Based on the Policy of Streamlining Administration,Delegating Powers,Improving Regulation,and Strengthening Services

To advance the field of science and technology,we need to revitalize the development of science and technology through innovation.The development of science and technology has many beneficial implications on the revitalization of the country.For this reason,universities in China should give full attention to their role as the main propeller of science and technology.“Streamlining administration,delegating powers,improving regulation,and strengthening services”is a policy issued by the Chinese government for the management of science and technology funds in colleges and universities.Based on the policy of“streamlining administration,delegating powers,improving regulation,and strengthening services,”colleges and universities must optimize the management of science and technology funds for their efficient use.In this paper,we analyzed the importance of the policy and put forward an effective management strategy,aiming to improve the management of science and technology funds in colleges and universities.

Public Accounting and IPSAS in Portugal： The Accounting Standardization System for Public Administrations

The Accounting Standardization System for Public Administrations （SNC-AP） was approved by Decree-Law No. 192/2015, of September 11 and constituted the new accounting system for public administrations in Portugal, which will take effect from January 1, 2017, although there were pilot entities that are already applying it in the year 2016. The reasons for the approval of these accounting regulations are presented in the approval diploma itself, the existence of a strong fragmentation and outdated accounting standardization for the public sector. This paper intends to analyze the public accounting reform in Portugal based on the SNC-AP and the impacts that it will determine in public institutions in terms of accounting in relation to the previous POC-P regime and sectoral plans as well as the resources involved in the Implementation. Likewise, it is intended to assess whether all public bodies subject to its adoption will proceed to its implementation on January 1, 2017, as planned. For this purpose, the data available on this subject will be used, in particular those of the Directorate-General for the Budget of the Ministry of Finance.

Approaches to Legalize Higher Education Administration System in China

The higher education administration system in China has been a central theme in the reform and development of our country's higher education. In the past two decades,deviation from reform goals, absence of reform participants, vagueness of reform approaches and other problems have occurred despite the significant effects gained through constant innovations in the reform under the guidance of government policies. For the purpose of better reforming the higher education administration system, the concept of ruling by law, or that of managing the university by law, should be applied. The key is to rationalize the relationship between government and higher institutions as well as to fully exercise the autonomous management of universities and colleges in order to achieve an overall reform of higher education administration system that is conducted from within and without.

Tasks and Priorities for Comprehensively Deepening Reform of China’s State Sector of Economy

The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee ushered in a new chapter of China＇s comprehensive deepening of reform. The basic objective of comprehensively deepening reform of the state sector of economy in the new chapter is to fully integrate this sector with a sophisticated market economic system with the market playing the decisive role in resource allocation. In order to achieve this objective, China is confronted with the four major priorities of adjusting the functions and layout of the state sector of economy according to national mandates, expediting the mixed ownership reform, creating a classified and multi- tiered new system for the administration of the sector, and developing a modern corporate system for SOEs to ensure an efficient micro-level governance mechanism for the sector. （1） The functions of the different types of SOEs should be accurately defined and SOEs should be divided into the three types of public policy SOEs, functional SOEs, and commercial SOEs. This classification forms the premises for reforming the state sector of economy. Based on the functions of the three types of SOEs, the directions and emphases for strategic adjustment should differ as well. （2） The mixed ownership reform should adhere to the methodological principles of combining top-down and bottom-up approaches, implementing pilot programs, and promoting coordinated progress. Practical implementation should ensure fair and standard reform procedures, reform programs consistent with laws and regulations, open and fair equity transfers, as well as fair and transparent internal distributions. The mixed ownership reform of SOEs should introduce the employee stock ownership system and adhere to the principles of compatible incentives, shared growth, and long-term development. Monopolistic sectors should be transformed into competitive market structures to create conditions for the implementation of mixed ownership for SOEs. （3） The new system for the administration of the state sector of economy should comprise three hierarchies： the Commission for the Administration of State Economy at the top level, state capital operation companies or state capital investment companies at the intermediate level and general for-profit enterprises at the bottom level, which administer public policy, functional SOEs, and commercial SOEs respectively. （4） Under the new system for the administration of the state sector of economy characterized by the three hierarchies and categories, the key for perfecting the modern corporate system of SOEs is to establish a differentiated, classified governance mechanism, i.e., different corporate governance mechanisms should be created for SOEs of different functions and roles.

China's Next Step:to Reform Monopoly Industries

Based on the study of enterprise managerial corruption in Chinese SOEs, this paper points out the new characteristics of managerial corruption in Chinese SOEs:administrative monopoly has become increasingly common, while corruption for personal gains by SOE leaders hits become less and less frequent.This means the reform of SOEs has entered a new stage in which the core problem is how to deal with administrative monopoly.

基于翻转课堂的药事管理学课程思政探索

翻转课堂重视学生主体地位,遵循学习规律,为专业课的课程思政提供了有效途径。以药事管理学为例,该文在一流本科课程建设中探索基于O-PIRTASCT翻转课堂模型的课程思政路径,兼顾学生知识学习、能力养成和思想政治素质的提升,有助于实现在知识学习早期形成价值认识,在学习中期产生价值认可,在学习后期达成价值认同,可为高校专业课课程思政建设提供参考。

微电子专业人才培养改革思路探索

如今欧美国家对于我国微电子行业发展的限制与针对力度日益加重,要想在此领域继续把握一定的国际话语权与地位,国内微电子行业人才培养是十分重要且关键的一环。因此,作为我国微电子技术行业人才的重要来源,高校微电子专业本科生的培养教育显得尤为重要。为从根本上保证高质量高素质的微电子人才培养与输送,该文针对这一形势以及国内当前教育发展的实际需要,结合当前高校微电子专业人才培养的实际情况,分析传统人才培养模式的不足和局限,讨论国内高校微电子专业课程设置、实验实习计划、教学课程的改革创新等问题,提出新时期、新局势下我国高校微电子专业课程体系的改革思路探索。

基于“放管服”改革珠江流域水行政“审、批分离”的探索研究

为深入贯彻“放管服”改革,珠江流域各级水行政主管部门积极探索尝试“审、批分离”。结合珠江流域“审、批分离”试行情况,对比分析了现行审批模式和“审、批分离”模式,对比发现“审、批分离”能提高审批质量和审批效率并降低廉政风险。总结了目前“审、批分离”存在的问题,并结合“放管服”改革的要求提出了改进措施建议,为探索推进“审、批分离”提供有益的工作探讨与借鉴。

综合行政执法改革过程中的多维结构变迁与能动者策略

推动执法权属地化与综合化是夯实基层政权建设的重要一环,但在政策实践中,并不必然带来治理效能的提升。事权下放后,基层治理结构的实质性变革如何形塑执法主体的行为策略,以提升事权承接的有效性,是亟待回答的重要议题。文章从“结构—过程—功能”的视角出发,对一个街道综合行政执法体制改革进行系统考察,构建理解多维结构变迁中能动者策略生成的分析框架。研究发现,在改革过程中,综合执法部门所嵌入的横向结构在权力、责任和资源维度发生系统性变迁。执法主体在基层治理结构所设定的规则约束与行动空间中,基于复杂性和概率性两个维度,划分四种类型的执法任务,并能动地创设动员式、裁剪式、扩容式等执法策略,衔接再配置的结构性要素与复杂外部事务治理环节,从而有效回应“块块”运作规则和事权下放的内在要求。

城市社区去行政化改革的事物、职能和组织维度

近年来,去行政化一直是基层治理改革的主题。部分地方政府探索了“居站分设”“撤街强社”等模式,但由于缺乏综合性,单一线索的改革难免陷入困境。现有文献从国家社会关系和社区职能分类等视角探索去行政化改革,但由于未能全面纳入社区治理的影响因素,因而和社区治理实践存在一定的脱节。在利用事物、职能和组织逻辑的框架透视改革历程后发现,缺乏彼此配合的单一逻辑改革效果有限。住房制度改革和物业服务的市场化开辟了行政控制外的新空间,却面临业主组织支撑力度不强的难题。职能分类和准入制为社区去行政化提供了前提,但缺少组织关系改革的配合,行政性事项仍然会渗透组织边界进入居民委员会。居站分离改革为去行政化提供了组织依托,但由于缺乏系统性思维而出现了分殊。三重逻辑框架和对改革历程的分析启示,未来的去行政化要避免单一逻辑的事物职能改革或者组织改革,坚持“事物职能分类、居站分离和培育居民自治”三策并举的复合型改革,继续梳理制定社区事物职能分类目录,结合目录清单改革城市的社区居站关系,聚焦相关利益和治理环节培育居民委员会自治能力。

治理吸纳执法:乡镇行政执法何以运行——基于中部多个乡镇综合执法改革的经验考察

近年来国家不断强调治理重心下移,行政执法权下沉是其重要表现。以执法下沉为目标的行政执法改革旨在通过行政执法权的属地化配置缓解乡镇治理权责失衡的困境,促进基层治理规范化。但实践中,乡镇行政执法形成“治理吸纳执法”的运行特征,即行政执法作为“条条”体制下的一种专业化事权呈现出“块块”主导的属地化运作,这源于乡村社会的弱执法需求以及伴随多中心工作而来的乡镇治权弱化。行政执法下沉客观上为乡镇提供了新的治理工具,但并未带来预期的执法效益,也没有根本改变乡镇治权不足的结构性困境。乡镇治理权力具有多样性和复杂性,基于乡镇治理情景,具体分析行政执法权的性质,才能正确理解行政执法权在乡村治理中的功能定位以及行政执法改革对乡镇治理的意义。

“新华盛顿共识”与美国农政体系变动趋向

“新华盛顿共识”是一份美国国家战略宣言,其中蕴含的战略导向必然会渗透到美国国内外政策的各个方面。下一步,美国农政体系将更多朝着强化自身力量(美国自己称之为“进攻性措施”)的方向发展,具体策略可能包括启动农业高级研究与发展计划、构筑生物育种领域的“小院高墙”及提升农村发展的重要性,对此,中国应该做出一系列战略预置。美国农产品贸易政策导向仍然是提升竞争力、扩大出口,短期内不构成重大冲击,中国甚至可以将之作为拉住美国与之开展博弈缠斗的一个策略筹码,但长期策略上必须把提升农产品竞争力作为重要战略支点。一个比较紧迫的任务是加快种业的制度型开放,以抵御生物育种领域可能出现的“小院高墙”式封锁。同时,从加快追赶超越、建设农业强国的角度讲,美国在科技体制、生物育种和农村发展方面的政策是值得认真借鉴的。

组织惰性的纾解:高校去行政化改革的治理逻辑

去行政化改革是推进高校高质量发展的重要任务和使命。作为一种固化于高校治理结构之中的运作模式与消极行为,组织惰性的层次组合主要围绕体制性的要素而存在,具体贯穿于管理体制的形成、发展和变革过程之中。由于教育资源具有外部性特征,下级组织结构面对科层制的行政压力时,往往理性地采用“组织外形化”的应对策略。当高校既有的管理程序、结构和惯例不能适应公共组织变革的压力时,纾解组织惰性就成为提升高校管理效率的关键一环。从高校去行政化改革的困境归因来看,组织惰性的文化要素构成了高校去行政化改革的“软环境”,外部性压力奠定了高校内部运作的制度性困局,因此要打破固化的社会身份与组织形态。具体来看,要充分发挥党领导集体的先导地位,稳步有效地推进高校去行政化改革,筑牢高校治理文化的基础作用,彰显战略规划的统筹价值,进行依法科学的治校,提升高校的高质量发展水平。

普鲁士改革研究的意义、方法和问题

19世纪初的普鲁士改革开启了普鲁士—德国通向现代的大门。改革的成果既是德国的遗产,也是欧洲的共同遗产。改革激发了一代代历史学家强烈的研究兴趣,成为德国历史研究的经典话题。普鲁士改革史研究的范式经历了种种转变,但其关注的核心问题一直是改革与德国历史连续性的关系、改革的思想基础,以及如何评价改革的成功与失败。对普鲁士改革的历史学考察,不仅是为未来的改革研究提供新的思路和方向,更是为了使人们对改革所引发的一系列重要问题做出更加深入的学术思考。

大类分流背景下基于科教融合的《功能高分子材料》教学改革初探

《功能高分子材料》是我校高分子专业中的一门重要课程,不仅涵盖理论知识,而且具备极高的实用性。学生通过学习该课程将掌握功能高分子的化学组成、微观结构、功能性及制备方法的基本原理。在大类分流的背景下,本人基于科教融合,通过教学内容革新、课程思政建设及课程考核优化等教学改革手段,实现了满足具有不同知识结构学生的学习需求,夯实了学生在《功能高分子材料》学习过程中的理论知识体系,并全面提升学生的专业素养。这一举措对于构建更为系统完善的高分子专业教学体系具有至关重要的意义。

行政区划调整与城市空间结构演化——基于撤县设区的视角

在新型城镇化建设对城市紧凑集约发展提出更高要求的背景下,探讨行政区划调整对城市空间结构的影响具有重要意义。基于2000—2016年全国范围内演进的撤县设区数据,深入考察了撤县设区带来的城市空间结构演化效应的研究发现:(1)撤县设区促使了城市空间形态松散化和内部低密度发展,该结论在考虑多种指标、方法以及政策滞后效应之后仍成立。(2)撤县设区政策对东部城市的空间结构松散化影响更强,且不利于其发挥中心集聚优势;相比于建设规制较弱的城市,规制较强的城市受到撤县设区对城市空间结构分散化的影响更为显著。(3)进一步研究表明,自主选择型撤县设区对城市空间结构分散化的影响更加明显,而顺应融入型撤县设区则会在一定程度上促进城市空间结构趋于紧凑化。