Discharge water temperature assessment of thermal power plantusing remote sensing techniques

Thermal power plants are generally constructed near to sea coast to meet their requirement of coolingwater. The warm water discharge from the thermal power plant is one of the major environmentalconcerns in view of the thermal pollution in the sea water. The temperature limit for the warm waterdischarge from the thermal power plant has to be monitored and controlled. Coastal Gujarat PowerLimited (CGPL) operates (24×7) at an “once-through system” based sea water circulation for powergeneration. The used sea water is then discharged into the sea through an outlet channel. As per environmental norms, the discharge water temperature needs to be maintained below the stipulated “delta”rise (+7 ℃) with respect to ambient sea surface temperature at the inlet. We demonstrate the applicability of thermal remote sensing data in understanding the seasonal and temporal variations of thetemperature difference between the discharge water and the ambient sea water. We used thermal banddata from Landsat-8 satellite imagery to map water surface temperature and create temperature profilesalong the intake and outflow channels (till the sea), to understand the variation of temperature andestimate the “DT” between intake point and various observation points along the outflow. This analysiswas carried out for all 11 months (except June) of the year 2018 to correlate temperature variations withseasonal changes. Tidal conditions during the time of data acquisition were also considered to accountfor the effect of tides on DT. The result shows that the average temperature rise between intake andoutflow are maintained at ~3 ℃ across all the months of 2018, with minor variations in the months ofJuly and August. Further, average temperature drop from outflow to cooling channel (before diaphragm)is seen to be ~2 ℃ across all the months with similar seasonal fluctuations.

Proposal of a Solar Thermal Power Plant at Low Temperature Using Solar Thermal Collectors

To this day, only two types of solar power plants have been proposed and built: high temperature thermal solar one and photovoltaic one. It is here proposed a new type of solar thermal plant using glass-top flat surface solar collectors, so working at low temperature (i.e., below 100°C). This power plant is aimed at warm countries, i.e., the ones mainly located between -40° and 40° latitude, having available space along their coast. This land based plant, to install on the seashore, is technologically similar to the one used for OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion). This plant, apart from supplying electricity with a much better thermodynamic efficiency than OTEC plants, has the main advantage of providing desalinated water for drinking and irrigation. This plant is designed to generate electricity (and desalinated water) night and day and all year round, by means of hot water storage, with just a variation of the power delivered depending on the season.

基于过热蒸汽干燥开式制粉燃褐煤发电技术研究

针对高水分褐煤燃烧发电中存在的热效率低和低负荷稳燃困难等问题,提出了基于过热蒸汽干燥开式制粉系统的新型高效燃褐煤发电技术,该技术采用基于汽轮机抽汽加热的过热蒸汽干燥开式制粉系统,保证了制粉系统的运行安全性,提高了燃烧系统的运行灵活性,实现了制粉系统与锅炉主机的运行解耦,并综合解决了褐煤锅炉炉温低、热效率低的等问题。以600 MW超临界燃褐煤机组为例,对采用该技术的热力系统进行了仿真,分析了其节能与环保效益。研究结果表明,该技术通过对锅炉与汽轮机整体热力系统的综合优化,将汽轮机回热系统扩大至高水分煤的干燥过程,同时梯级回收锅炉排烟废热和制粉乏汽废热至汽轮机回热系统,可获得较为显著的节煤效益。同时,该技术不仅可由节煤相应减少各类污染物及CO_(2)排放,还可回收大量水资源,有望实现零水耗电厂。

火电厂再生水中的微生物对管道的腐蚀行为研究

为探究火电厂以再生水为水源时供水管道的微生物腐蚀行为,采用环状生物膜挂片反应器,动态模拟了再生水管道运行状况,通过测定溶液pH值、电导率,试片失重,电化学参数(如氧化还原电位、极化曲线、交流阻抗)、细菌数量并结合SEM、EDS、XRD等手段研究了铁细菌(IOB)、硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)及这2种混合菌对Q235钢腐蚀的影响过程和机理。结果表明,2种细菌数量随时间的延长而增长,再生水的pH值先降后升、电导率则稳步增长,环境中的细菌数与此时管材的腐蚀速率呈正相关性,SRB是影响微生物腐蚀的主要菌种;通过EDS和XRD分析发现不同环境下的腐蚀产物主要成分:IOB时腐蚀产物以FeOOH为主,存在少量Fe_(2)O_(3)、Fe_(3)O_(4);SRB时腐蚀产物主要为氧化铁和硫化铁;而SRB+IOB共存时主要腐蚀产物为Fe_(2)O_(3)、Fe_(3)O_(4)和FeS;同时管道前期表面产生的微生物膜和腐蚀产物会抑制Q235的腐蚀,后期微生物膜失活、覆盖的腐蚀产物脱落,又会使腐蚀加速。

基于经验模态分解的火力发电厂锅炉给水泵振动故障监测

常规的给水泵振动故障监测方法以振动故障分布特征分析为主,受到给水泵运行环境的影响,故障监测存在失误的问题。因此,文章设计了基于经验模态分解的火力发电厂锅炉给水泵振动故障监测方法。提取火力发电厂锅炉给水泵振动信号特征,采集锅炉给水泵的振动信号,反映水泵在不同频率的故障状态。基于经验模态分解构建给水泵振动故障监测模型,利用经验模态分析处理给水泵振动信号,得到IMFs幅值、频率、能量分布等参数,进一步表征给水泵振动故障状态。在线监测发电厂锅炉给水泵振动效率,设置给水泵振动效率阈值,评估给水泵的振动异常情况,从而避免故障监测失误的问题。采用对比实验,验证了设计方法的故障监测准确性更高,能够应用于实际生产中。

基于热泵技术的余热回收供热系统

传统热电厂的循环冷却水中含有大量的低品位余热,利用热泵技术对其进行回收,能够显著提升供热系统的能源利用效率,有利于实现节能减排和“碳中和”目标。设计基于单、双吸收式热泵机组的余热回收供热系统,旨在有效利用循环冷却水中的余热,增加供热能力并分析系统性能。结果表明,与传统供热系统相比,两种余热回收供热系统均可显著回收循环冷却水的热量,提高系统供热量并大幅减少能源消耗,带来可观的经济收益;双吸收式热泵机组系统展现出更优异的热力性能,具备显著的节能减排优势。分析循环冷却水入口温度和一次网回水温度对双吸收式热泵机组性能的影响,发现循环冷却水温度对系统性能影响较大,随着循环冷却水温度的升高,系统的供热量增加比例、节约标煤量和新增供热面积均增加,而一次网回水温度对系统性能的影响较小,随一次网回水温度的升高,系统的供热量增加比例、节约标准煤量和新增供热面积几乎不变。

长期运行下的火电厂水处理系统中阴阳树脂再生优化研究

针对火电厂树脂再生问题,采用再生优化的方法对其水处理系统中阴阳树脂进行了优化,通过对比分析优化前后阴阳树脂再生效率、离子交换速度和阳树脂交换容量等参数,验证了优化后的再生方式可以有效提高其再生效率,延长阴树脂使用寿命。实验结果表明,当温度为30℃时,采用化学再生方式进行树脂再生效率可提高20%以上。因此,在不改变离子交换容量的前提下提高阴阳树脂再生效率的方法,能够为之后的水处理系统提供助力。

电厂炉水二氧化硅超标原因分析及解决措施

以抚矿中机热电厂为例,针对锅炉炉水二氧化硅超标情况进行监测,分析超标的原因,并提出了相应的解决措施。通过严格执行标准,认真落实巡检制度,提高巡检质量、巡检水平,开展锅炉热化学试验工作,实时监控疏水水质,确保炉水品质合格。

火电厂废水处理中化学沉淀法的优化与实践

为了提高传统化学沉淀法的沉淀效果,提出了新型化学沉淀法的反应条件和沉淀剂比例。研究首先对比了4种常见沉淀剂的沉淀效果,发现硫化钠和硫酸铝分别对重金属和悬浮物去除效果最佳。对改进化学沉淀法进行实证分析,为期2个月的废水处理实验结果表明,采用新型化学沉淀法后,污染物质量浓度从120 mg/L降至52 mg/L,有害物质量浓度从45 mg/L降至18 mg/L。实践证明了改进化学沉淀法在火电厂废水处理中的实际应用价值和潜力,为火电厂废水处理提供了高效、可行的技术方案,对环保和可持续发展具有积极意义。

类直流冷却水系统在热电厂的工程应用

鉴于热电厂冷却水量小、锅炉补给水量大的特点,提出类直流冷却水系统。通过数学归纳法和热量平衡法可知,类直流冷却水系统不但能够保证冷却水系统的安全稳定运行,而且可以通过利用废热的方式提高除盐水处理系统的出力。此外,经过经济效益分析表明,相比于设置机械通风冷却塔的循环冷却水系统,类直流冷却水系统具有经济、节能、节水等优势,同时对热电厂的废水零排放也有着较大意义。

某火电厂集控室消防细水雾抑制火灾模拟分析

以某火电厂建设工程集控室消防系统设计为例,利用PyroSim火灾模拟软件建立试验模型,模拟研究在不同压力和角度下细水雾对T^(2)模式自由火的抑制过程,对比分析细水雾在喷头角度为45°、60°、90°和喷头压力为1 MPa、2 MPa、5 MPa时的火焰温度变化曲线,模拟空间内的CO、O_(2)浓度变化、灭火时间和灭火用水量等情况。结果表明:灭火过程可以分为喷雾初期的抑制阶段、火焰强化膨胀阶段和细水雾再次抑制阶段3个阶段;水雾压力越大,灭火效果越明显;喷射角度为90°的细水雾灭火过程中火焰温度变化平稳,适合作为集控室的自动灭火喷头参数;垂直布设的中压细水雾具有更好的实用价值。

燃煤电站锅炉水冷壁膨胀状态在线监测系统

在燃煤发电机组频繁启停、深度调峰以及长期低负荷运行的背景下,由膨胀异常导致的水冷壁拉裂事故逐渐增多,严重威胁发电机组的安全稳定运行。针对这一问题,本文研制了水冷壁膨胀状态在线监测系统,首先利用激光测距技术和4G无线传输技术在线测量水冷壁不同点位的膨胀位移,然后通过对膨胀位移数据进行统计分析,实时评估水冷壁的膨胀状态和损伤程度。在百万千瓦火电机组上的测试结果表明该系统能够有效监测水冷壁的膨胀状态变化,具有实时性强、灵敏度高、准确性好等优点,为解决水冷壁的膨胀拉裂问题提供了有效的方法,对提升电站锅炉的安全性和稳定性具有重要意义。

热电厂循环水综合利用技术研究

随着全球经济的快速发展,各行各业对能源的需求持续攀升,如何提高能源利用效率已经成为提升竞争力的重要途径。对热电厂来说,水资源作为生产过程中至关重要的能源,热电厂产生电能的同时,也消耗了大量水资源,不仅会导致热电厂生产成本的大幅增长,同时也会面临资源浪费、生态污染等严重问题。与此同时,近年来的环境保护政策也对工业用水提出了更高的要求,要求企业必须融入绿色低碳发展理念,通过优化资源配置,全面达成节能减排的目标。因此,对热电厂来说,必须全面落实环境保护要求,通过管理与技术的优化创新,提升热电厂循环水的利用效率,才能不断提升热电厂综合效益。基于此,本研究从热电厂实际情况入手,阐述了热电厂循环水综合利用技术,仅供参考与借鉴。

上海市外高桥火力发电厂的用水分析与节水潜力挖掘

火力发电是许多国家最主要的能源来源之一,但火力发电厂的“高耗能、高排放”问题已经成为了严峻的环境和社会问题。随着“双碳”目标的提出,将火力发电厂的低碳化转型提到了议程的前列。本文以上海市外高桥火力发电厂为研究对象,针对其高耗能、高排放的问题,通过指标测算与实测统计分析相结合的测试方法,对其用水结构及用水结果进行梳理分析评价。在“双碳”目标的背景下,本文探讨了节水技术的应用潜力和效果,并提出了切实可行的节水管理与技术措施,以期助力火力发电行业的可持续发展。

高浓缩倍数条件下的循环冷却水处理分析与对策

提高循环水浓缩倍数是工业循环冷却水系统实现节水减排的有效措施。在高浓缩倍数条件下,循环冷却水系统面临结垢沉积、黏泥附着、垢下腐蚀等水质危害性问题。以某厂亚临界热电站循环冷却水系统为研究对象,进行了高浓缩倍数条件下的水质稳定性分析,提出了包括优化药剂配方、调整加药方案、加强旁滤处理能力、控制合理浓缩倍数等解决措施。通过这些解决措施的实施,该亚临界热电站循环水系统在高浓缩倍数条件下稳定运行,水质控制指标符合要求,水处理效果达到预期目标值。

Performance of Regenerative Gas Turbine Power Plant

This study aims to investigate the effect of regeneration on the output power and the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine power plant. The effect of ambient air temperature, regeneration effectiveness, and compression ratio on the cycle thermal efficiency was also investigated. An existed gas turbine power plant of AL ZAWIA is used as a base in this study, and the calculations were carried out utilizing MATLAB code. This intensive parametric study was conducted based on the fundamental of thermodynamics and gas turbine relations considering the effect of the operation conditions (ambient air temperature, regeneration effectiveness and compression ratio). It was found that adding regeneration to the simple gas turbine cycle results in an increase in the thermal efficiency of cycle. It was also found that including regeneration in gas turbine cycle results in an increase in the output power of the cycle, and it results in a decrease in the exhaust gas temperature. The effect of the regeneration effectiveness was also predicted. It was found that increasing of regeneration effectiveness results in an increase in the output power of the cycle. It was also found that the cycle thermal efficiency increases with increasing of the regenerative effectiveness. The effect of ambient air temperature was also predicted. Increasing of the ambient air temperature results in a decrease in the thermal efficiency of the cycle.

Consideration of Environmental Effect of Power Generation: Bangladesh Perspective

Nowadays for power generation, environment is a major consideration. The heart of power generation is power station. At present there are almost above 40(Both Government & Rental) power station in Bangladesh. Among these 80% of power station is gas based. Rest of the 20% is coal, liquid and furnace oil based. Bangladesh has only one Hydraulic power station. These gas and coal based power stations are giving adverse effect in Bangladesh. The main emissions from coal combustion at thermal power plants are carbon dioxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO), sulfur oxides (SO), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and air- borne inorganic particles such as fly ash, soot, and other trace gas species. Carbon dioxide, methane, and chlorofluorocarbons are greenhouse gases. These emissions are considered to be responsible for heating up the atmosphere, producing a harmful global environment. It is known to all that hydro power station is a clean source of energy, but it has also some ecological and environmental effect. Dhaka is one of the top polluted city in the world. So for power generation if the environmental effect is not considered then Bangladesh will be in great trouble. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the present and future possible environmental effect of power generation in Bangladesh.

基于水平衡测试的火电厂节水改造及取得效益分析

由于火电厂的生产特殊性,对水资源的需求量极大,但由于水资源短缺,对火电厂经济运行产生了重要影响。为了降低水资源损耗,以宁夏某电厂为例,进行水平衡测试、分析。针对生活用水、脱硫系统等水损耗量大的问题,提出了相应的解决策略,以期提高水资源利用率,促进经济社会可持续发展。

火电厂输煤系统粉尘治理技术措施

该文以火电厂输煤系统粉尘治理技术为重点展开研究,首先简述火电厂输煤系统粉尘成因与危害,在此基础上论述其治理技术思路,并给出可行的治理技术方法,就改善设备设计、更换老旧部件、应用智能洒水除尘技术、无动力除尘技术等举措进行分析,最后结合模拟实验结果对上述理论进行论证,服务相关技术的具体应用,以求改善火电厂输煤系统粉尘治理效果。