The development of natural biomaterials applied for hard tissue repair and regeneration is of great importance,especially in societies with a large elderly population.Self-assembled peptide hydrogels are a new generat...The development of natural biomaterials applied for hard tissue repair and regeneration is of great importance,especially in societies with a large elderly population.Self-assembled peptide hydrogels are a new generation of biomaterials that provide excellent biocompatibility,tunable mechanical stability,injectability,trigger capability,lack of immunogenic reactions,and the ability to load cells and active pharmaceutical agents for tissue regeneration.Peptide-based hydrogels are ideal templates for the deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals,which can mimic the extracellular matrix.Thus,peptide-based hydrogels enhance hard tissue repair and regeneration compared to conventional methods.This review presents three major self-assembled peptide hydrogels with potential application for bone and dental tissue regeneration,including ionic self-complementary peptides,amphiphilic(surfactant-like)peptides,and triple-helix(collagen-like)peptides.Special attention is given to the main bioactive peptides,the role and importance of self-assembled peptide hydrogels,and a brief overview on molecular simulation of self-assembled peptide hydrogels applied for bone and dental tissue engineering and regeneration.展开更多
Introduction: Leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) is an emerging material in dentistry, however, there are controversies surrounding its effectiveness. Despite the amount of literature available, debates regard...Introduction: Leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) is an emerging material in dentistry, however, there are controversies surrounding its effectiveness. Despite the amount of literature available, debates regarding its effect continue. This review aims to summarize and clarify the data surrounding the use of L-PRF in promoting the healing of extraction sockets, which may offer a better outcome for future treatments. Purpose: The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current literature on the use of L-PRF in promoting the healing of extraction sockets, and to provide a comprehensive overview of the available evidence. Methods: A comprehensive computer-based search of databases such as PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library was conducted. Results: The results of this review suggest that L-PRF has shown promise in promoting early healing of extraction sockets, but the evidence for its effectiveness over a longer period is limited. Conclusion: Although L-PRF has shown promising results in the early healing periods, its effectiveness over a longer healing period cannot be confirmed based on the available data. More clinical trials with standardized protocols and consistent measurement methods are needed to establish the role of L-PRF in enhancing the healing of extraction sockets.展开更多
Cartilage and facial muscle tissue provide basic yet vital functions for homeostasis throughout the body, making human survival and function highly dependent upon these somatic components. When cartilage and facial mu...Cartilage and facial muscle tissue provide basic yet vital functions for homeostasis throughout the body, making human survival and function highly dependent upon these somatic components. When cartilage and facial muscle tissues are harmed or completely destroyed due to disease, trauma, or any other degenerative process, homeostasis and basic body functions consequently become negatively affected. Although most cartilage and cells can regenerate themselves after any form of the aforementioned degenerative disease or trauma, the highly specific characteristics of facial muscles and the specific structures of the cells and tissues required for the proper function cannot be exactly replicated by the body itself. Thus, some form of cartilage and bone tissue engineering is necessary for proper regeneration and function. The use of progenitor cells for this purpose would be very beneficial due to their highly adaptable capabilities, as well as their ability to utilize a high diffusion rate, making them ideal for the specific nature and functions of cartilage and facial muscle tissue. Going along with this, once the progenitor cells are obtained, applying them to a scaffold within the oral cavity in the affected location allows them to adapt to the environment and create cartilage or facial muscle tissue that is specific to the form and function of the area. The principal function of the cartilage and tissue is vascularization, which requires a specific form that allows them to aid the proper flow of bodily functions related to the oral cavity such as oxygen flow and removal of waste. Facial muscle is also very thin, making its reproduction much more possible. Taking all these into consideration, this review aims to highlight and expand upon the primary benefits of the cartilage and facial muscle tissue engineering and regeneration, focusing on how these processes are performed outside of and within the body.展开更多
Stem cells play a key role in tissue regeneration due to their self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation,which are continuously regulated by signals from the extracellular matrix(ECM)microenvironment.Therefore...Stem cells play a key role in tissue regeneration due to their self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation,which are continuously regulated by signals from the extracellular matrix(ECM)microenvironment.Therefore,the unique biological and physical characteristics of the ECM are important determinants of stem cell behavior.Although the acellular ECM of specific tissues and organs(such as the skin,heart,cartilage,and lung)can mimic the natural microenvironment required for stem cell differentiation,the lack of donor sources restricts their development.With the rapid development of adipose tissue engineering,decellularized adipose matrix(DAM)has attracted much attention due to its wide range of sources and good regeneration capacity.Protocols for DAM preparation involve various physical,chemical,and biological methods.Different combinations of these methods may have different impacts on the structure and composition of DAM,which in turn interfere with the growth and differentiation of stem cells.This is a narrative review about DAM.We summarize the methods for decellularizing and sterilizing adipose tissue,and the impact of these methods on the biological and physical properties of DAM.In addition,we also analyze the application of different forms of DAM with or without stem cells in tissue regeneration(such as adipose tissue),repair(such as wounds,cartilage,bone,and nerves),in vitro bionic systems,clinical trials,and other disease research.展开更多
Introduction: The use of lasers is an emerging therapy in periodontology, however, controversies regarding its use. Despite the vast amount of literature that is currently available, debates regarding the use of laser...Introduction: The use of lasers is an emerging therapy in periodontology, however, controversies regarding its use. Despite the vast amount of literature that is currently available, debates regarding the use of lasers in periodontal therapy continue. This review aims to summarize and clarify the myths surrounding the use of lasers in periodontal therapy, which may offer new hope for the treatment’s future. Methods: A comprehensive computer-based search was done using various databases like PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library. Results: Laser therapy has influenced periodontal treatment in many aspects. The advantages of laser over conventional instruments were reported, which include pain relief, inflammation reduction, tissue repair acceleration, wound healing, reduction of scar formation, removal of granulation tissue and epithelial lining, and treatment of periodontal pockets. Today, the laser starts to get more people’s attention. However, an evidence-based approach to using lasers in periodontal treatment must be developed. The potential risks associated with lasers should also be considered. There must be careful and strict safety precautions implemented. Conclusion: Although laser therapy has shown promising results in the treatment of periodontal disease, further research is needed before the clinical use of lasers in evidence-based practice. Further long-term studies and clinical studies in human models are needed to generalize laser therapy in periodontology.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: The characteristics of lip-mouth region including the soft and hard tissues in smiling position with frontal fixed position photographic computer-aided analysis were studied. METHODS: The subjects were 80 p...OBJECTIVE: The characteristics of lip-mouth region including the soft and hard tissues in smiling position with frontal fixed position photographic computer-aided analysis were studied. METHODS: The subjects were 80 persons (40 male and 40 females, age range: 17 to approximately 25 years) with acceptable faces and individual normal occlusions. The subjects were asked to take maximum smiling position to accept photographic measurement with computer-aided analysis. RESULTS: The maximum smile line could be divided into 3 categories: low smile line (16.25%), average smile line (68.75%), and high smile line (15%). CONCLUSION: The method adopting maximum smiling position to study the lip-month region is reproducible and comparable. This study would be helpful to provide a quantitative reference for clinical investigation, diagnosis, treatment and efficacy appraisal.展开更多
Tendon and ligament injuries are the most common musculoskeletal injuries,which not only impact the quality of life but result in a massive economic burden.Surgical interventions for tendon/ligament injuries utilize b...Tendon and ligament injuries are the most common musculoskeletal injuries,which not only impact the quality of life but result in a massive economic burden.Surgical interventions for tendon/ligament injuries utilize biological and/or engineered grafts to reconstruct damaged tissue,but these have limitations.Engineered matrices confer superior physicochemical properties over biological grafts but lack desirable bioactivity to promote tissue healing.While incorporating drugs can enhance bioactivity,large matrix surface areas and hydrophobicity can lead to uncontrolled burst release and/or incomplete release due to binding.To overcome these limitations,we evaluated the delivery of a peptide growth factor(exendin-4;Ex-4)using an enhanced nanofiber matrix in a tendon injury model.To overcome drug surface binding due to matrix hydrophobicity of poly(caprolactone)(PCL)-which would be expected to enhance cell-material interactions-we blended PCL and cellulose acetate(CA)and electrospun nanofiber matrices with fiber diameters ranging from 600 to 1000 nm.To avoid burst release and protect the drug,we encapsulated Ex-4 in the open lumen of halloysite nanotubes(HNTs),sealed the HNT tube endings with a polymer blend,and mixed Ex-4-loaded HNTs into the polymer mixture before electrospinning.This reduced burst release from~75%to~40%,but did not alter matrix morphology,fiber diameter,or tensile properties.We evaluated the bioactivity of the Ex-4 nanofiber formulation by culturing human mesenchymal stem cells(hMSCs)on matrix surfaces for 21 days and measuring tenogenic differentiation,compared with nanofiber matrices in basal media alone.Strikingly,we observed that Ex-4 nanofiber matrices accelerated the hMSC proliferation rate and elevated levels of sulfated glycosaminoglycan,tendon-related genes(Scx,Mkx,and Tnmd),and ECM-related genes(Col-Ⅰ,Col-Ⅲ,and Dcn),compared to control.We then assessed the safety and efficacy of Ex-4 nanofiber matrices in a full-thickness rat Achilles tendon defect with histology,marker expression,functional walking track analysis,and mechanical testing.Our analysis confirmed that Ex-4 nanofiber matrices enhanced tendon healing and reduced fibrocartilage formation versus nanofiber matrices alone.These findings implicate Ex-4 as a potentially valuable tool for tendon tissue engineering.展开更多
目的:分析上颌前牙区,延期种植同期进行引导骨再生(guided bone regeneration,GBR)术后6个月唇侧骨吸收的影响因素。探究种植二期手术时种植体唇侧骨宽度对种植体边缘骨吸收的影响。方法:本研究为回顾性队列研究,随访至最终修复后1年。...目的:分析上颌前牙区,延期种植同期进行引导骨再生(guided bone regeneration,GBR)术后6个月唇侧骨吸收的影响因素。探究种植二期手术时种植体唇侧骨宽度对种植体边缘骨吸收的影响。方法:本研究为回顾性队列研究,随访至最终修复后1年。采用锥形束CT(cone beam CT,CBCT)测量术后即刻(T1)和术后6个月(T2)种植体唇侧水平骨宽度和垂直骨高度,采用广义线性混合模型分析影响因素。根据T2时的唇侧骨宽度,将种植体分为3个队列:0骨壁组、骨壁<2 mm组和骨壁≥2 mm组,探究组间边缘骨吸收差异。结果:共纳入57例患者,94枚种植体。容纳性骨缺损、种植体连接愈合基台与更少的骨吸收显著相关;在修复后1年的随访中,组间边缘骨吸收差异无统计学意义;种植位点行软组织增量手术与更少的边缘骨丧失显著相关。结论:GBR术中使用愈合基台更有利于维持水平、垂直骨量;软组织增量手术利于维持稳定的边缘骨水平。展开更多
Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate hard and soft tissue changes following guided bone regeneration(GBR),with occlusive titanium barriers(OTB),in the rehabilitation of partially edentulous atrophic jaws.Vertical...Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate hard and soft tissue changes following guided bone regeneration(GBR),with occlusive titanium barriers(OTB),in the rehabilitation of partially edentulous atrophic jaws.Vertical bone gain(VBG),horizontal bone width(HBW),and flap thickness(FT)changes,observed between the first and the second surgical stages,were evaluated.Methods:The study included 35 patients(9 men and 26 women;mean age 60±10.53 years)in need of vertical bone augmentation for implant placement.Seventy implants were placed,44 with a one-stage approach(Group A)and 26 with a two-stage approach(Group B).VBG,HBW,and FT were measured and statistically compared.Results:VBG for implants placed in Group B was significantly higher than those placed in Group A(P=0.006).The increased HBW in Group B was highly significant compared to that exhibited in Group A(P=0.000).A highly significant difference was found in FT before and after the GBR in the two groups considered together,for both the upper and lower jaws(P=0.000 for both).Conclusions:OTBs are reliable devices in GBR,yielding predictable results in terms of bone augmentation.In almost all cases(94.3%),a spontaneous increase of the FT,at the second surgical phase,was observed.This could be due to the titanium surface features which increases spontaneously the thickness of soft tissues over the OTB.展开更多
Three-dimensional printing technology with the rapid development of printing materials are widely recognized as a promising way to fabricate bioartificial bone tissues.In consideration of the disadvantages of bone sub...Three-dimensional printing technology with the rapid development of printing materials are widely recognized as a promising way to fabricate bioartificial bone tissues.In consideration of the disadvantages of bone substitutes,including poor mechanical properties,lack of vascularization and insufficient osteointegration,functional modification strategies can provide multiple functions and desired characteristics of printing materials,enhance their physicochemical and biological properties in bone tissue engineering.Thus,this review focuses on the advances of functional engineering strategies for 3D printed biomaterials in hard tissue replacement.It is structured as introducing 3D printing technologies,properties of printing materials(metals,ceramics and polymers)and typical functional engineering strategies utilized in the application of bone,cartilage and joint regeneration.展开更多
文摘The development of natural biomaterials applied for hard tissue repair and regeneration is of great importance,especially in societies with a large elderly population.Self-assembled peptide hydrogels are a new generation of biomaterials that provide excellent biocompatibility,tunable mechanical stability,injectability,trigger capability,lack of immunogenic reactions,and the ability to load cells and active pharmaceutical agents for tissue regeneration.Peptide-based hydrogels are ideal templates for the deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals,which can mimic the extracellular matrix.Thus,peptide-based hydrogels enhance hard tissue repair and regeneration compared to conventional methods.This review presents three major self-assembled peptide hydrogels with potential application for bone and dental tissue regeneration,including ionic self-complementary peptides,amphiphilic(surfactant-like)peptides,and triple-helix(collagen-like)peptides.Special attention is given to the main bioactive peptides,the role and importance of self-assembled peptide hydrogels,and a brief overview on molecular simulation of self-assembled peptide hydrogels applied for bone and dental tissue engineering and regeneration.
文摘Introduction: Leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) is an emerging material in dentistry, however, there are controversies surrounding its effectiveness. Despite the amount of literature available, debates regarding its effect continue. This review aims to summarize and clarify the data surrounding the use of L-PRF in promoting the healing of extraction sockets, which may offer a better outcome for future treatments. Purpose: The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current literature on the use of L-PRF in promoting the healing of extraction sockets, and to provide a comprehensive overview of the available evidence. Methods: A comprehensive computer-based search of databases such as PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library was conducted. Results: The results of this review suggest that L-PRF has shown promise in promoting early healing of extraction sockets, but the evidence for its effectiveness over a longer period is limited. Conclusion: Although L-PRF has shown promising results in the early healing periods, its effectiveness over a longer healing period cannot be confirmed based on the available data. More clinical trials with standardized protocols and consistent measurement methods are needed to establish the role of L-PRF in enhancing the healing of extraction sockets.
基金Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the financial supports from Delta Dental, Osteo Science Foundation （Peter Geistlich Award）, Marquette Innovation Fund, AFOSR （FA9550-12-1-0225） and NSF （EEC-1160483, ECCS-1351533 and CMMI-1363485）.
文摘Cartilage and facial muscle tissue provide basic yet vital functions for homeostasis throughout the body, making human survival and function highly dependent upon these somatic components. When cartilage and facial muscle tissues are harmed or completely destroyed due to disease, trauma, or any other degenerative process, homeostasis and basic body functions consequently become negatively affected. Although most cartilage and cells can regenerate themselves after any form of the aforementioned degenerative disease or trauma, the highly specific characteristics of facial muscles and the specific structures of the cells and tissues required for the proper function cannot be exactly replicated by the body itself. Thus, some form of cartilage and bone tissue engineering is necessary for proper regeneration and function. The use of progenitor cells for this purpose would be very beneficial due to their highly adaptable capabilities, as well as their ability to utilize a high diffusion rate, making them ideal for the specific nature and functions of cartilage and facial muscle tissue. Going along with this, once the progenitor cells are obtained, applying them to a scaffold within the oral cavity in the affected location allows them to adapt to the environment and create cartilage or facial muscle tissue that is specific to the form and function of the area. The principal function of the cartilage and tissue is vascularization, which requires a specific form that allows them to aid the proper flow of bodily functions related to the oral cavity such as oxygen flow and removal of waste. Facial muscle is also very thin, making its reproduction much more possible. Taking all these into consideration, this review aims to highlight and expand upon the primary benefits of the cartilage and facial muscle tissue engineering and regeneration, focusing on how these processes are performed outside of and within the body.
文摘Stem cells play a key role in tissue regeneration due to their self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation,which are continuously regulated by signals from the extracellular matrix(ECM)microenvironment.Therefore,the unique biological and physical characteristics of the ECM are important determinants of stem cell behavior.Although the acellular ECM of specific tissues and organs(such as the skin,heart,cartilage,and lung)can mimic the natural microenvironment required for stem cell differentiation,the lack of donor sources restricts their development.With the rapid development of adipose tissue engineering,decellularized adipose matrix(DAM)has attracted much attention due to its wide range of sources and good regeneration capacity.Protocols for DAM preparation involve various physical,chemical,and biological methods.Different combinations of these methods may have different impacts on the structure and composition of DAM,which in turn interfere with the growth and differentiation of stem cells.This is a narrative review about DAM.We summarize the methods for decellularizing and sterilizing adipose tissue,and the impact of these methods on the biological and physical properties of DAM.In addition,we also analyze the application of different forms of DAM with or without stem cells in tissue regeneration(such as adipose tissue),repair(such as wounds,cartilage,bone,and nerves),in vitro bionic systems,clinical trials,and other disease research.
文摘Introduction: The use of lasers is an emerging therapy in periodontology, however, controversies regarding its use. Despite the vast amount of literature that is currently available, debates regarding the use of lasers in periodontal therapy continue. This review aims to summarize and clarify the myths surrounding the use of lasers in periodontal therapy, which may offer new hope for the treatment’s future. Methods: A comprehensive computer-based search was done using various databases like PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library. Results: Laser therapy has influenced periodontal treatment in many aspects. The advantages of laser over conventional instruments were reported, which include pain relief, inflammation reduction, tissue repair acceleration, wound healing, reduction of scar formation, removal of granulation tissue and epithelial lining, and treatment of periodontal pockets. Today, the laser starts to get more people’s attention. However, an evidence-based approach to using lasers in periodontal treatment must be developed. The potential risks associated with lasers should also be considered. There must be careful and strict safety precautions implemented. Conclusion: Although laser therapy has shown promising results in the treatment of periodontal disease, further research is needed before the clinical use of lasers in evidence-based practice. Further long-term studies and clinical studies in human models are needed to generalize laser therapy in periodontology.
文摘OBJECTIVE: The characteristics of lip-mouth region including the soft and hard tissues in smiling position with frontal fixed position photographic computer-aided analysis were studied. METHODS: The subjects were 80 persons (40 male and 40 females, age range: 17 to approximately 25 years) with acceptable faces and individual normal occlusions. The subjects were asked to take maximum smiling position to accept photographic measurement with computer-aided analysis. RESULTS: The maximum smile line could be divided into 3 categories: low smile line (16.25%), average smile line (68.75%), and high smile line (15%). CONCLUSION: The method adopting maximum smiling position to study the lip-month region is reproducible and comparable. This study would be helpful to provide a quantitative reference for clinical investigation, diagnosis, treatment and efficacy appraisal.
文摘Tendon and ligament injuries are the most common musculoskeletal injuries,which not only impact the quality of life but result in a massive economic burden.Surgical interventions for tendon/ligament injuries utilize biological and/or engineered grafts to reconstruct damaged tissue,but these have limitations.Engineered matrices confer superior physicochemical properties over biological grafts but lack desirable bioactivity to promote tissue healing.While incorporating drugs can enhance bioactivity,large matrix surface areas and hydrophobicity can lead to uncontrolled burst release and/or incomplete release due to binding.To overcome these limitations,we evaluated the delivery of a peptide growth factor(exendin-4;Ex-4)using an enhanced nanofiber matrix in a tendon injury model.To overcome drug surface binding due to matrix hydrophobicity of poly(caprolactone)(PCL)-which would be expected to enhance cell-material interactions-we blended PCL and cellulose acetate(CA)and electrospun nanofiber matrices with fiber diameters ranging from 600 to 1000 nm.To avoid burst release and protect the drug,we encapsulated Ex-4 in the open lumen of halloysite nanotubes(HNTs),sealed the HNT tube endings with a polymer blend,and mixed Ex-4-loaded HNTs into the polymer mixture before electrospinning.This reduced burst release from~75%to~40%,but did not alter matrix morphology,fiber diameter,or tensile properties.We evaluated the bioactivity of the Ex-4 nanofiber formulation by culturing human mesenchymal stem cells(hMSCs)on matrix surfaces for 21 days and measuring tenogenic differentiation,compared with nanofiber matrices in basal media alone.Strikingly,we observed that Ex-4 nanofiber matrices accelerated the hMSC proliferation rate and elevated levels of sulfated glycosaminoglycan,tendon-related genes(Scx,Mkx,and Tnmd),and ECM-related genes(Col-Ⅰ,Col-Ⅲ,and Dcn),compared to control.We then assessed the safety and efficacy of Ex-4 nanofiber matrices in a full-thickness rat Achilles tendon defect with histology,marker expression,functional walking track analysis,and mechanical testing.Our analysis confirmed that Ex-4 nanofiber matrices enhanced tendon healing and reduced fibrocartilage formation versus nanofiber matrices alone.These findings implicate Ex-4 as a potentially valuable tool for tendon tissue engineering.
文摘Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate hard and soft tissue changes following guided bone regeneration(GBR),with occlusive titanium barriers(OTB),in the rehabilitation of partially edentulous atrophic jaws.Vertical bone gain(VBG),horizontal bone width(HBW),and flap thickness(FT)changes,observed between the first and the second surgical stages,were evaluated.Methods:The study included 35 patients(9 men and 26 women;mean age 60±10.53 years)in need of vertical bone augmentation for implant placement.Seventy implants were placed,44 with a one-stage approach(Group A)and 26 with a two-stage approach(Group B).VBG,HBW,and FT were measured and statistically compared.Results:VBG for implants placed in Group B was significantly higher than those placed in Group A(P=0.006).The increased HBW in Group B was highly significant compared to that exhibited in Group A(P=0.000).A highly significant difference was found in FT before and after the GBR in the two groups considered together,for both the upper and lower jaws(P=0.000 for both).Conclusions:OTBs are reliable devices in GBR,yielding predictable results in terms of bone augmentation.In almost all cases(94.3%),a spontaneous increase of the FT,at the second surgical phase,was observed.This could be due to the titanium surface features which increases spontaneously the thickness of soft tissues over the OTB.
基金supported partly by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LY20E010006)partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51502265 and 81701033).
文摘Three-dimensional printing technology with the rapid development of printing materials are widely recognized as a promising way to fabricate bioartificial bone tissues.In consideration of the disadvantages of bone substitutes,including poor mechanical properties,lack of vascularization and insufficient osteointegration,functional modification strategies can provide multiple functions and desired characteristics of printing materials,enhance their physicochemical and biological properties in bone tissue engineering.Thus,this review focuses on the advances of functional engineering strategies for 3D printed biomaterials in hard tissue replacement.It is structured as introducing 3D printing technologies,properties of printing materials(metals,ceramics and polymers)and typical functional engineering strategies utilized in the application of bone,cartilage and joint regeneration.
