Extracellular vesicles:Emerged as a promising strategy for regenerative medicine

Cell transplantation therapy has certain limitations including immune rejection and limited cell viability,which seriously hinder the transformation of stem cellbased tissue regeneration into clinical practice.Extracellular vesicles(EVs)not only possess the advantages of its derived cells,but also can avoid the risks of cell transplantation.EVs are intelligent and controllable biomaterials that can participate in a variety of physiological and pathological activities,tissue repair and regeneration by transmitting a variety of biological signals,showing great potential in cell-free tissue regeneration.In this review,we summarized the origins and characteristics of EVs,introduced the pivotal role of EVs in diverse tissues regeneration,discussed the underlying mechanisms,prospects,and challenges of EVs.We also pointed out the problems that need to be solved,application directions,and prospects of EVs in the future and shed new light on the novel cell-free strategy for using EVs in the field of regenerative medicine.

Regenerative Braking Strategy for Motor Hoist by Ultracapacitor

Rising concern in environmental issues on global scale has made energy saving in powered equipment a very important subject.In order to improve the energy efficiency and driving range of a motor hoist,a regenerative braking system is designed and discussed.The system takes a unique ultracapacitor-only approach to energy storage system.The bi-directional bride DC？DC converter which regulates current flow to and from the ultracapacitor operates in two modes：boost and buck,depending on the direction of the flow.In order to provide constant input and output current at the ultracapacitor,this system uses a double proportional-integral（PI） control strategy in regulating the duty cycle of PWM to the DC？DC converter.The permanent magnet synchronous motor（PWSM） drive system is also studied.The space vector pulse width modulation（SVPWM） technique,along with a two-closed-loop vector control model,is adopted after detailed analysis of PMSM characteristics.The overall model and control strategy for this regenerative braking system is ultimately built and simulated under the MATLAB and Simulink environment.A test platform is built to obtain experimental results.Analysis of the results reveals that more than half of the gravitational potential energy can be recovered by this system.Simulation and experimentation results testify the validity of the double PI control strategy for interface circuit of ultracapacitor and SVPWM strategy for PMSM.

A Review of Electromagnetic Energy Regenerative Suspension System&Key Technologies

The active suspension has undoubtedly improved the performance of the vehicle,however,the trend of“lowcarbonization,intelligence,and informationization”in the automotive industry has put forward higher and more urgent requirements for the suspension system.The automotive industry and researchers favor active energy regeneration suspension technology with safety,comfort,and high energy regenerative efficiency.In this paper,we review the research progress of the structure form,optimization method,and control strategy of electromagnetic energy regenerative suspension.Specifically,comparing the pros and cons of the existing technology in solving the contradiction between dynamic performance and energy regeneration.In addition,the development trend of electromagnetic energy regenerative suspension in the field of structure form,optimization method,and control technology prospects.

Regenerative Strategy for Sum-rate Enhancement in Bi-directional Three-node Cooperation

In bi-directional three-node cooperation, one regenerative strategy with network coding and power optimization is proposed for system sum-rate under a total energy constraint. In this paper, the network coding and power optimization are applied to improve system sum-rate. But max-rain optimization problem in power allocation is a NP-hard problem. In high Signal-to-Noise Ratio regime, this NP-hard problem is transformed into constrained polynomial optimization problem, which can be computed in polynomial time. Although it is a suboptimal solution, numerical simulations show that this strategy enhances the system sum-rate up to 45% as compared to a traditional four-phase strategy, and up to 13% as compared to the three-phase strategy without power optimization.

Analyzing the role of extracellular matrix during nervous system development to advance new regenerative strategies

Regeneration in the central nervous system （CNS） is limited, and CNS damage often leads to cognitive impairment or permanent functional motor and sensory loss. Impaired regenerative capacity is multifactorial and includes inflammation, loss of the blood-brain barrier, and alteration in the extracellular matrix （ECM）. One of the main problems is the formation of a glial scar and the production of inhibitory ECM, such as proteoglycans, that generates a physical and mechanical barrier, impeding axonal regrowth （Figure 1A）.

Role and prospects of regenerative biomaterials in the repair of spinal cord injury

Axonal junction defects and an inhibitory environment after spinal cord injury seriously hinder the regeneration of damaged tissues and neuronal functions. At the site of spinal cord injury, regenerative biomaterials can fill cavities, deliver curative drugs, and provide adsorption sites for transplanted or host cells. Some regenerative biomaterials can also inhibit apoptosis, inflammation and glial scar formation, or further promote neurogenesis, axonal growth and angiogenesis. This review summarized a variety of biomaterial scaffolds made of natural, synthetic, and combined materials applied to spinal cord injury repair. Although these biomaterial scaffolds have shown a certain therapeutic effect in spinal cord injury repair, there are still many problems to be resolved, such as product standards and material safety and effectiveness.

电液混合动力系统关键技术及能量管理研究综述

现有混合动力驱动技术以油电、油液混合动力为主,旨在提高传统燃油车辆的能量利用率、降低油耗和排放.基于液压技术的大功率密度及能量再生优势,电液混合动力系统可在全速工况范围内实现能量高效利用,提高纯电驱系统的功率密度,有效改善电动车辆续驶里程及蓄电池循环使用寿命.本文对电液混合动力系统构型、能量回收技术、能量释放模式及控制策略等相关研究成果的进展、现状及发展趋势进行综述,分析了利用电液混合动力构型与先进能量管理策略提升纯电动车辆动力性能与能量利用率的可行性技术方案与应用前景.根据已有研究成果,装备电液混合动力系统后车辆最大可降低约40%的能量消耗,在能量高效利用方面具有显著优势.对于电液混合动力系统而言,液压能再生、耦合与释放等与行驶场景及电机工况点密切相关,研究重点应解决动力耦合、再生制动与能量管理等关键技术,从而提升动力系统的综合性能特别是功率密度与节能特性.

骨骼肌中卫星细胞衰老生物学机制及潜在的应对策略

背景:卫星细胞是一种肌源性干细胞,位于肌纤维膜与基底膜之间,但尚未有综述完全揭示卫星细胞衰老机制及其潜在应对策略,这对于当前减缓骨骼肌老化的策略应用难以起到有效的指导效果。目的:综述骨骼肌中卫星细胞衰老的机制及其相关减缓其衰老的应对策略。方法:检索各数据库时间截至2023年5月,包括Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网、万方和维普数据库。英文检索词:“Skeletal muscle,satellite cells,aging,mechanism,solution strategye”;中文检索词:“骨骼肌,卫星细胞,衰老,老化,机制,应对策略”。经过严格按照纳入和排除标准进行筛选,最终纳入78篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①卫星细胞位于肌纤维膜与基底膜之间,具有增殖和分化潜能,通常处于静息状态,但在肌肉组织受刺激时会被激活并参与修复和恢复正常组织结构的过程,衰老会导致卫星细胞数量减少,并引发肌力和耐力的下降等症状。②卫星细胞衰老的机制主要涉及再生能力下降、串扰能力随生态位变化、年龄依赖性损失和异质性变化,衰老的卫星细胞数量减少以及活性降低会导致肌肉再生速度变慢和损伤恢复时间增加,且在分化过程中可能出现错误,从而导致肌肉质量下降和功能退化。③针对卫星细胞衰老的应对策略主要包括调节体内卫星细胞的受体环境、外源手段干预促进卫星细胞再生、人体肌肉模型构建和运动和饮食干预诱导卫星细胞增殖等,这些策略具有一定的潜力,可以为卫星细胞的再生和治疗骨骼肌疾病提供新的思路和方法。④未来的研究建议深入探究卫星细胞衰老机制,探究卫星细胞与生态位之间的相互作用,研究卫星细胞与免疫系统和线粒体功能等因素的关系,开发应用人体肌肉模型来提高研究深度和准确性。

基于深度强化学习算法的纯电动矿用汽车再生制动策略研究

以载重50 t纯电动矿用汽车为研究对象,提出了一种基于深度强化学习优化算法的再生制动回馈策略.首先建立了纯电动矿用自卸车的数学模型.随后提出了一种考虑载重和坡度变化的基于自动熵调节Soft actor-critic (SAC)和深度确定性策略梯度算法(DDPG)的能量管理策略.其中车速、加速度、车辆质量与道路坡度、动力电池荷电状态(SOC)及充放电倍率作为状态变量;变速箱挡位作为动作变量;动力电池SOC及电池寿命作为奖励函数.仿真结果表明,基于动态规划的控制策略和所提出的基于SAC算法与基于DDPG算法的优化控制策略回馈效率分别提高了18.15%、17.18%和16.63%,电池寿命分别提升了57.31%、56.87%和57.38%.最后通过比较两种基于深度强化学习算法策略的奖励曲线,可以看出与基于DDPG算法的控制策略相比,所提出的基于SAC的能量管理控制策略的收敛速度提升了166.7%.

Regenerative rehabilitation:a novel multidisciplinary field to maximize patient outcomes

Regenerative rehabilitation is a novel and rapidly developing multidisciplinaryfield that converges regenerative medicine and rehabilitation science,aiming to maximize the functions of disabled patients and their independence.While regenerative medicine provides state-of-the-art technologies that shed light on difficult-to-treated diseases,regenerative rehabilitation offers rehabilitation interventions to improve the positive effects of regenerative medicine.However,regenerative scientists and rehabilitation professionals focus on their aspects without enough exposure to advances in each other’sfield.This disconnect has impeded the development of thisfield.Therefore,this reviewfirst introduces cutting-edge tech-nologies such as stem cell technology,tissue engineering,biomaterial science,gene editing,and computer sciences that promote the progress pace of regenerative medicine,followed by a summary of preclinical studies and examples of clinical investigations that integrate rehabilitative methodologies into regenerative medicine.Then,challenges in thisfield are discussed,and possible solutions are provided for future directions.We aim to provide a platform for regenerative and rehabilitative professionals and clinicians in other areas to better understand the progress of regenerative rehabilitation,thus contributing to the clinical translation and management of innovative and reliable therapies.

城轨混合储能系统能量管理策略研究现状

城市轨道交通再生制动能量的利用一直是一个研究热点。围绕如何高效利用再生制动能量、平稳电压波动等问题,系统地论述了混合储能系统在轨道交通领域能量管理策略的研究进展。将目前混合储能系统比较常用的能量管理策略分为基于规则的能量管理策略、基于优化的能量管理策略以及基于人工智能的能量管理策略三类策略进行分类分析,总结优缺点,最后结合混合储能系统的效率、性能、寿命以及人工智能技术的发展,分析其未来发展方向。

新能源商用车再生制动控制策略设计研究

以最大化回收制动能量为目标,提出一种新能源商用车再生制动控制策略。通过对再生制动系统结构及原理、前后轮制动力分配、电机、电池功率等因素的分析,在保证制动方向稳定性前提下,合理分配前后轮制动力及后轮机电制动力。利用AMESim建立商用车再生制动系统仿真模型对控制策略进行仿真验证,最后通过转鼓试验和道路试验对本文控制策略进行试验验证。结果表明:所设计的控制策略能够大幅减少新能源商用车能量消耗,延长续驶里程。

能量调度装置在电气化铁路中的应用及分析

双碳目标下,实现电气化铁路节能减排和绿色发展至关重要,回收利用列车的再生制动能量是节能降耗的重要手段。根据牵引变电所的能量调度原理,建立含能量调度装置(energy dispatching equipment,EDE)的牵引供电系统数学模型,分析不同工况下能量调度装置在铁路牵引供电系统的调度策略。通过示例分析,基于能量调度装置的调度策略能有效降低牵引变压器的容量,减少运营商的需量电费和计量电费,降低运营商成本,提高能量利用率。

面向零能耗建筑的再生设计与实施策略研究

随着全球能源危机和气候变化的不断加剧,零能耗建筑作为可持续发展的重要策略受到了广泛关注。文章旨在探讨面向零能耗建筑的再生设计与实施策略,以推动建筑领域的可持续发展。通过研究,可以深入了解零能耗建筑的理念与实践,为建筑行业迈向更加可持续的未来提供有益的指导和启示。

社交媒介影响下的再生咖啡馆及其适应性场所营造——以长沙为例

社交媒介时代的消费行为重构了独立咖啡馆的空间生产,也促使其渗透至城市环境中的微观场地,推动城市微更新。选取长沙市代表性再生咖啡馆作为案例,通过建筑分析与类型比较,探讨其建筑形态特征,及其融入不同城市情境的适应性策略。研究发现,在社交媒介与实体经营深度交融的现代城市,再生咖啡馆展现出多功能、强社交互动、建筑环境一体化、体验社区化等特征。而再生咖啡馆中社交媒介塑造的非日常景观与社区日常景观融合,不仅促成“新部落”的旅游目的地,并形塑独特的公共空间。其过程展示出再生咖啡馆作为城市微空间整合工具的潜力,给微更新可持续发展带来积极影响。

新能源商用车再生制动控制策略设计研究

文章针对新能源商用车再生制动系统,研究了其控制策略的设计方法。先分析了再生制动系统节能贡献度、冲击度等评价指标及要求,介绍了再生制动系统的结构及控制原理,重点研究了前、后轮制动力分配策略、后轮机电制动协调分配控制策略等,最后通过仿真和试验验证了所提控制策略的有效性。

A Novel Braking Control Strategy for Hybrid Electric Buses Based on Vehicle Mass and Road Slope Estimation

Proper braking force distribution strategies can improve both stability and economy performance of hybrid electric vehicles,which is prominently proved by many studies.To achieve better dynamic stable performance and higher energy recovery efficiency,an effective braking control strategy for hybrid electric buses(HEB)based on vehicle mass and road slope estimation is proposed in this paper.Firstly,the road slope and the vehicle mass are estimated by a hybrid algorithm of extended Kalman filter(EKF)and recursive least square(RLS).Secondly,the total braking torque of HEB is calculated by the sliding mode controller(SMC),which uses the information of brake intensity,whole vehicle mass,and road slope.Finally,comprehensively considering driver’s braking intention and regulations of the Economic Commission for Europe(ECE),the optimal proportional relationship between regenerative braking and pneumatic braking is obtained.Furthermore,related simulations and experiments are carried out on the hardware-in-the-loop test bench.Results show that the proposed strategy can effectively improve the braking performance and increase the recovered energy through precise control of the braking torque.

Operation control strategy of series-parallel hydraulic hybrid vehicle

A series-parallel hydraulic hybrid system applied to public buses is put torwaro, ano parameters of key components are analyzed and determined. Energy management strategy based on logic thresh- old is designed which is aimed at efficient operation of the overall system considering the operational characteristic of the components and taking the curves of engine, hydraulic pump/motor and hydrau- lic pump as the main design basis; regenerative control strategy which makes regenerative brake sys- tem and frictional brake system work harmoniously is designed to raise recovery rate of regenerative brake energy. System dynamic modeling and simulation results show that the energy control strategy designed here is able to adapt system to changes of working condition and switch the operating mode reasonably. The regenerative braking control strategy is effective in raising the utilization of energy and improving fuel economy.

电动客车再生制动能量回收策略研究

由于纯电动汽车动力电池功率密度低、大电流充放电能力差、能量利用率低,是造成其续驶里程短的主要因素,在现阶段电池技术得不到大的突破的前提下,如何使再生制动能量回收达到最大化和提高其利用率是提高电动汽车续驶里程的关键。在保证制动的安全性和稳定性,考虑国家安全法规,结合实际的纯电动公交客车运行工况的前提下,提出了一种基于复合电源系统的再生制动力分配控制策略,搭建了模糊控制器。通过MATLAB/Simulink对制动力分配策略建模,基于ADVISOR中中国城市道路典型循环工况下对控制策略进行仿真验证,结果表明此控制策略在满足国家标准法规的前提下,有效地提高了能量回收效率,增加了电动汽车的续驶里程。

太阳能热泵-蓄热电锅炉弃风消纳策略仿真

随着清洁能源政策的不断完善,风能和太阳能资源得到了充分的利用,但是风电的“昼低夜高”反调峰特性会导致风电消纳能力受限。为了更大限度且更加灵活地消纳弃风电量,文章设计了以蓄热式电锅炉储热为主导,直接供电模式下的太阳能热泵-弃风蓄热供暖系统。同时,为兼顾系统运行成本和弃风消纳电量,建立了系统的优化调度数学模型,综合考虑弃风量、电锅炉功率、热功率及蓄热量等约束条件,采用NSGAII多目标优化算法对模型进行求解,从而获得蓄热电锅炉运行功率的优化调度方案。研究结果表明,优化调度方案可在保证系统经济运行下合理调度蓄热电锅炉的运行功率,与优化调度前相比,优化后的系统能够多消纳弃风电功率3261 kW,弃风消纳率可达26%。