High Energy Proton-Proton Elastic Scattering in Reggeon-Pomeron Exchange Model

We initially propose a Reggeon-Pomeron exchange model to describe proton-proton elastic scattering at high energies in this short paper. A calculation for total cross section of proton-proton elastic scattering at high energies is performed without any free parameters. Our new finding from this work is that the Reggeon-Pomeron model gives a perfect fit to experimental data of the total cross section at the whole energy region where experimental data exist.

Reggeon, Pomeron and Glueball, Odderon-Hadron-Hadron Interaction at High Energies—From Regge Theory to Quantum Chromodynamics

Based on analysis of scattering matrix S, and its properties such as analyticity, unitarity, Lorentz invariance, and crossing symmetry relation, the Regge theory was proposed to describe hadron-hadron scattering at high energies before the advent of QCD, and correspondingly a Reggeon concept was born as a mediator of strongly interaction. This theory serves as a successful approach and has explained a great number of experimental data successfully, which proves that the Regge theory can be regarded as a basic theory of hadron interaction at high energies and its validity in many applications. However, as new experimental data come out, we have some difficulties in explaining the data. The new experimental total cross section violates the predictions of Regge theory, which shows that Regge formalism is limited in its applications to high energy data. To understand new experimental measurements, a new exchange theory was consequently born and its mediator is called Pomeron, which has vacuum quantum numbers. The new theory named as Pomeron exchange theory which reproduces the new experimental data of diffractive processes successfully. There are two exchange mediators： Reggeon and Pomeron. Reggeon exchange theory can only produce data at the relatively lower energy region, while Pomeron exchange theory fits the data only at higher-energy region, separately. In order to explain the data in the whole energy region, we propose a Reggeon-Pomeron model to describe high-energy hadron- hadron scattering and other diffractive processes. Although the Reggeon-Pomeron model is successful in describing high-energy hadron-hadron interaction in the whole energy region, it is a phenomenological model. After the advent of QCD, people try to reveal the mystery of the phenomenological theory from QCD since hadron-hadron processes is a strong interaction, which is believed to be described by QCD. According to this point of view, we study the QCD nature of Reggeon and Pomeron. We claim that the Reggeon exchange is an exchange of multigluon,the color singlet gluon bound state. In particular, the Pomeron could be a Reggeized tensor glueball ξ（2230） with mass of 2.23 GeV, quantum numbers I^G, J^PC = 0^＋, 2^＋＋ and decay width of about 100 MeV. The glueball exchange theory reproduces data quite well. Accordingly, we believe that the Odderon, consisting of three Reggeized gluons, and predicted by QCD, should also contribute to hadron-hadron scattering and many other diffractive processes. We search for the Odderon by studying pp and pp elastic scatterings at high energies. Our investigations on the differential cross section dσ/ dt of hadron-hadron scattering at various energies and comparisons with experimental data show that the Odderon plays an essential role in fitting to data. Therefore, we suggest that the measurements should be urgently done in order to confirm the existences of the Odderon and to test QCD.

Extraction of Structure Function and Gluon Distribution Function at Low-x from Cross Section Derivative by Regge Behavior

An approximation method based on Regge behavior is presented. This new methodrelates the reduced cross section derivative and the structure function Regge behavior at low x.With the use of this approximation method, the C and λ parameters are calcuiated from the HERAreduced cross section data taken at low-x. Also, we calculate the structure functions F_2(x, Q~2)even for low-x values, which have not been investigated. To test the validity of calculatedstructure functions, we find the gluon distribution function in the Leading order approximationbased on Regge behaviour of structure function and compare to the NLO QCD fit to H1 data and NLOparton distribution function.

Some Comments on the Frame of Regge Phenomenology and the Glueball Production Mechanism

We enumerate the limitations in the frame of Regge phenomenology and demonstrate that it should be extended to cover the freedom of constituent gluon,We declare that glueballs are the bound states of constituent gluons.Based on these observations we discuss the glueball production mechanism and the structure of Pomeron.

Contribution of Reggeon in Charge Exchange Processes of Deep Inelastic Scattering

The experimental results on maximum pseudo-rapidityηmax distribution in the charge exchange processes e+P→e+N+X(X means anything)are discussed.The contributions of reggeon from Regge phenomenology and ofπ^(+)-exchange from pion cloud model are calculated.The results show that neither the Rρ-exchange nor the pion cloud model alone can explain the experimental data well,but after considering these two processes together,by using Monte Carlo simulation,a good agreement between the theoretical results and experimental data is found.

Analysis of the Longitudinal Structure Function F_L from the Non-linear Regge Gluon Density Behavior at Low-x

The longitudinal structure function with shadowing correction according to the nonlinear effects of the gluon density behavior at low x is considered. The solution of the GLR-MQ evolution equation for the gluon density shows that the FL^g（x, Q2） behavior can be tamed by the singularity at low x values. Comparing our results with H1 data at R=4 GeV-1 shows that at very low x this behavior is completely tamed by taking shadowing correction into account.

A Fractal Rindler-Regge Triangulation in the Hyperbolic Plane and Cosmic de Sitter Accelerated Expansion

The well known finite elements Regge calculus is transformed to a triangulation in the hyperbolic plane using fractal Rindler wedges as tiling elements. The final result is an expanding de Sitter hyperbolic, i.e. Gauss-Bolyai-Lobachevsky universe with dark energy and ordinary energy densities in full agreement with cosmic observations and measurements. In the course of obtaining this vital result, the work addresses fundamental points connected to a host of subjects, namely Hardy’s quantum entanglement, an extension of Turing’s machine to a transfinite version, the phenomenon of measure concentration in the context of Banach-like spaces with high dimensionality as well as the pioneering work on the relation between quantum entanglement and computational efficiency.

Regge极点与π-N 散射T=3/2,=3/2P-波相移

本文应用Khuri 所发展的散射振幅Regge 表示的新形式,计算了π—N 散射T=(?)J=(?)p-波散射相移;假设了在阈以上直到共振附近止的低能范围内,((?),(?))共振所在的一条Regge 极迹是上述分波振幅的主要贡献。与别的文献不同,在计算中所作的近似,仍能使近似分波振幅阈行为在很高程度上满足分波弹性么正条件。计算结果同实验符合得相当好。

■-介子Regge极迹与π介子电磁形式因子

用Regge—Kkuri 表示讨论了T=1,J=1 π-π散射分波振幅,导出了π介子电磁形式因子。

二维Coulomb散射的|m|分波处理与Regge极点

研究了二维Coulomb散射的对称性和|m|分波分析. 作为能量E的函数, 把|m|分波散射波幅f |m|(q )解析延拓到负E(复k)平面, 发现束缚能量本征值(E < 0)恰好位于f |m|(q )在正虚k轴上的极点. 此外, 作为|m|的函数, 把f |m|(q )解析延拓到复|m|平面, 发现束缚能量本征值正好处于f |m|(q )在正实|m| 轴上的极点.

|m| Partial wave treatment for two-dimensional Coulomb-scattering and Regge pole

The symmetry and |m| partial-wave analysis for two-dimensional (2D) Coulomb-scattering is investigated. As a function of energyE, the |m| partial-wave scattering amplitudef |m|(θ) is analytically continuated to the, negativeE (complexk) plane, and it is found that the bound state energy eigenvalues (E<0) are just located at the poles off |m|(θ) on the positive imaginaryk axis as is expected. In addition, as a function of |m|,f |m|(θ) is analytically continuated to the complex |m| plane, the bound state energy eigenvalues are just located at the poles off |m|(θ) on the positive real |m| axis.

Spectroscopy,decay properties and Regge trajectories of the B and B_s mesons

A Gaussian wave function is used for detailed study of the mass spectra of the B and Bs mesons using a Cornell potential incorporated with （1/m） correction in the potential energy term and expansion of the kinetic energy term up to （p10） for relativistic correction of the Hamiltonian. The predicted excited states for the B and Bs mesons are in very good agreement with results obtained by experiment. We assign B2（5747） and Bs2（5840） as the 1^3p2 state, B1（5721） and Bs1（5830） as the 1P1 state, B0（5732） as the 1^3P0 state, Bs1（5850） as the 1P1 state and B（5970） as the 23S1 state. We investigate the Regge trajectories in the （J,M2） and （nr,M2） planes with their corresponding parameters. The branching ratios for leptonic and radiative-leptonic decays are estimated for the B and Bs mesons. Our results are in good agreement with experimental observations as well as outcomes of other theoretical models.

Logarithmic Regge pole

This work presents the subtraction procedure and the Regge cut in the logarithmic Regge pole approach.The subtraction mechanism leads to the same asymptotic behavior as previously obtained in the non-subtraction case.The Regge cut,in contrast,introduces a clear role to the non-leading contributions for the asymptotic behavior of the total cross-section.From these results,some simple parameterization is introduced to fit the experimental data for the proton-proton and antiproton-proton total cross-section above some minimum value up to the cosmic-ray.The fit parameters obtained are used to present predictions for the ρ(s)-parameter as well as to the elastic slope B(s)at high energies.

Mass spectra and Regge trajectories of Λ_c^+,∑_c^0,Ξ_c^0 and Ω_c^0 baryons

We calculate the mass spectra of the singly charmed baryons （∧＋ c, ∑0 c,[I]0c and Ω0 c） using the hypercentral constituent quark model （hCQM）. The hyper color Coulomb plus linear potential is used to calculate the masses ofpositive （up to JP = 7＋/2 ）9 and negative （up to JP = 9-/2）parity excited states. The spin-spin, spin-orbital and tensorinteraction terms are-also incorporated for mass spectra. We have compared our results with other theoretical and lattice QCD predictions for each baryon. Moreover, the known experimental results are also reasonably close to our predicted masses. By using the radial and orbital excitation, we construct Regge trajectories for the baryons in the （n,M2） plane and find their slopes and intercepts. Other properties of these baryons, like magnetic moments, radiative transitions and radiative decay widths, are also calculated successfully.

Masses of heavy-light mesons in Regge phenomenology

The masses of some orbitally and radially excited heavy-light mesons are calculated in Regge phenomenol- ogy. The results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data and those given in many other theoretical approaches. Based on the calculation, we suggest that the recently observed D（2550）, D（2600） and D（2760） can be assigned as the charmed members of the 21S0, 23S1 and 13D1 multiplets, respectively. D＇1（2700） may be assigned as the charm-strange member of the 23S1 state. The results may be helpful in understanding the nature of current and future experimentally observed heavy-light mesons.

Forward pion-nucleon charge exchange reaction and Regge constraints

We present our recent study of pion-nucleon charge exchange amplitudes above 2 GeV. We analyze the forward pion-nucleon charge exchange reaction data in a Regge model and compare the resulting amplitudes with those from the Karlsruhe-Helsinki and George-Washington-University partial-wave analyses. We explore possible high-energy constraints for theoretical baryon resonance analyses in the energy region above 2 GeV. Our results show that for the pion-nucleon charge exchange reaction, the appropriate energy region for matching meson-nucleon dynamics to diffractive scattering should be around 3 GeV for the helicity flip amplitude.

矢量介子第一径向激发态质量谱的研究

在Regge唯象下计算了径向激发态23S1矢量多重态的介子质量.K*(1 410)作为23S1多重态的K*'(23S1)介子很不合理,建议在1 586 MeV能量附近寻找和研究K*'介子,分别在2.587,5.813,5.925,6.895 GeV能量附近寻找和研究D*'(23S1),B*'(23S1),B*'s(23S1),B*'c(23S1)介子.研究结果对于通过实验寻找尚未观测到的径向激发态(23S1)矢量介子和进一步研究其自旋-宇称安排有一定的意义.

基于QCD求和规则的4^+K介子质量

通过选择合适的计算参数,利用QCD求和规则对基态4+K介子的质量进行了分析和计算.当s0=6.0～6.5 GeV2,1.0 GeV2≤M2≤2.3 GeV2时,计算得到的4+K介子质量的数值结果为(1.831±0.176)GeV,与实验值接近.

关于1^3H6介子九重态的填充

在a2(1320)、K2*(1430)属于13P2和a4(2040)、K4*(2045)属于13F4的前提下,文章利用Regge轨迹和质量混合唯象方法分别预言了13H6的同位旋二重态和同位旋标量态的质量MK(3H6)=2 514.36±14.66 MeV和Mf′6=2 580.40±130.89 MeV,为实验上候选态的寻找提供了帮助;同时预言了13H6的同位旋矢量态的质量为2 504.01±15.99 MeV,并对目前结果与介子表中提供的候选态给出了比较分析.

3j符号和6j符号的“对称群”及其封闭性

本文详细论证了3j符号和6j符号的“对称群”及其封闭性,并编写了计算程序加以验证,获得了令人满意的结果。