Theoretical study on dynamic effective electroelastic properties of random piezoelectric composites with aligned inhomogeneities

The closed-form solutions of the dynamic problem of heterogeneous piezoelectric materials are formulated by introducing polarizations into a reference medium and using the generalized reciprocity theorem.These solutions can be reduced to the ones of an elastodynamic problem.Based on the effective medium method,these closedform solutions can be used to establish the self-consistent equations about the frequencydependent effective parameters,which can be numerically solved by iteration.Theoretical predictions are compared with the experimental results,and good agreement can be found.Furthermore,the analyses on the effects of microstructure and wavelength on the effective properties,resonance frequencies,and attenuation are also presented,which may provide some guidance for the microstructure design and analysis of piezoelectric composites.

Chaotic motions of the L-mode to H-mode transition model in tokamak

The chaotic dynamics of the transport equation for the L-mode to H-mode near the plasma in a tokamak is studied in detail with the Melnikov method. The transport equations represent a system with external and parametric excitation. The critical curves separating the chaotic regions and nonchaotic regions are presented for the system with periodically external excitation and linear parametric excitation, or cubic parametric excitation, respectively. The results obtained here show that there exist uncontrollable regions in which chaos always take place via heteroclinic bifurcation for the system with linear or cubic parametric excitation. Especially, there exists a controllable frequency, excited at which chaos does not occur via homoclinic bifurcation no matter how large the excitation amplitude is for the system with cubic parametric excitation. Some complicated dynamical behaviors are obtained for this class of systems.

EFFECTS OF MICROSTRUCTURE ON THE MACROSCOPIC ELASTO-PLASTIC PROPERTIES OF METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES

The generalized self-consistent finite-element iterative averaging method was adopted to analyze the elasto-plastic tensile properties of SiC whiskers reinforced aluminum matrix composites. The effects of varying fiber's aspect ratio and volume fraction on the macroscopic elasto-plastic deformation of the composites were studied. By the analysis of microscopic stress fields, the relation between the propagation of the elasto-plastic region in the matrix and the macroscopic elasto-plastic deformation of composites was discussed. It was found that the propagation of the plastic region in the matrix between the fiber's ends would affect prominently the elasto-plastic tensile behaviour of the composites. It was shown that the characterization of the stress-strain response in terms of the 0.2% offset yield strength is incomplete.

Aeroelastic Optimization of the High Aspect Ratio Wing with Aileron

In aircraft wings,aileron mass parameter presents a tremendous effect on the velocity and frequency of the flutter problem.For that purpose,we present the optimization of a composite design wing with an aileron,using machine-learning approach.Mass properties and its distribution have a great influence on the multi-variate optimization procedure,based on speed and frequency of flutter.First,flutter speed was obtained to estimate aileron impact.Additionally mass-equilibrated and other features were investigated.It can deduced that changing the position and mass properties of the aileron are tangible following the speed and frequency of the wing flutter.Based on the proposed optimization method,the best position of the aileron is determined for the composite wing to postpone flutter instability and decrease the existed stress.The represented coupled aero-structural model is emerged from subsonic aerodynamics model,which has been developed using the panel method in multidimensional space.The structural modeling has been conducted by finite element method,using the p-k method.The fluid-structure equations are solved and the results are extracted.

A New Nonmonotonic Trust Region Algorithm for A Class of Unconstrained Nonsmooth Optimization

This paper presents a new trust region algorithm for solving a class of composite nonsmooth optimizations. It is distinguished by the fact that this method does not enforce strict monotonicity of the objective function values at successive iterates and that this method extends the existing results for this type of nonlinear optimization with smooth, or piecewise smooth, or convex objective functions or their composition. It is proved that this algorithm is globally convergent under certain conditions. Finally, some numerical results for several optimization problems are reported which show that the nonmonotonic trust region method is competitive with the usual trust region method.

Natural frequency of tapered high pier considering pile-soil interaction

In seismic design of tapered high pier, the analysis of natural vibration frequency is of great importance. According to the engineering features of tapered high pier in mountainous area, a vibration calculation model was set up considering the tapered pier characteristics and pile-soil interaction. Based on Southwell frequency composition theory, it consists of elastic deformation of bridge pier and the rigid deformation of group piles, which are respectively solved by the finite-element method and energy method, and then the natural frequency is derived. The comparison between the measured and calculated results shows that the calculation errors with and without considering pile-soil interaction are 4.9% and 14.7%, respectively. Additionally, the main parameters (pier height, section variation coefficient and lateral foundation horizontal proportional coefficient) affecting natural frequency were investigated. The result shows that natural frequency ascends with the increase of the lateral foundation horizontal proportional coefficient; and it is quite necessary to consider the pile-soil interaction in natural frequency calculation of tapered high pier.

高低频复合励磁磁心损耗量化的研究

针对高低频复合励磁磁元件磁心损耗难以精确测量和建模的问题,在详细分析现有磁心损耗测量方法和磁心损耗模型局限性的基础上,根据直流功率法测量原理搭建高低频复合励磁磁心损耗测量系统,利用损耗能精确测量的空心电感验证其测量精度。最后,基于直流偏置下脉宽调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)波励磁的磁心损耗模型,提出高低频复合励磁磁性元件的磁心损耗预测模型,并实验验证预测模型最大相对误差为-8.83%,具有较高的精度。

介质粗糙面与组合目标宽带电磁散射特性研究

文中对介质粗糙面和组合目标的宽带复合电磁散射特性进行研究,通过数值计算得到了复合散射系数频率响应曲线。分析结果显示,后向复合散射系数在宽频带范围内随着频率的变化而产生振荡,粗糙面的高度均方根、介电常数、组合目标尺度、目标介电常数等因素对复合散射系数有显著的影响,且影响规律较为复杂。相比之下,粗糙面的相关长度对复合散射系数的影响较为微弱。当目标是理想导体时,频率响应曲线近似呈现出准周期性的振荡形态。

V2X环境下基于圆风险域的交通冲突识别模型

为提高快速路匝道区域合流冲突的识别精度,并缓解合流冲突提供决策依据,提出一种V2X(vehicle to everything)环境下基于圆风险域的交通冲突识别模型.通过V2X技术实时获取车辆位置和速度,以冲突风险时间为关键参数,分析主线车辆和匝道车辆的不同运动状态特性;引入风险域概念,结合车辆运动学,构建基于圆风险域冲突识别模型,进而通过两圆的位置关系表征两车之间的运动关系,实现交通冲突的识别;为细化冲突风险程度,采用累计频率曲线法判定冲突风险程度等级.仿真结果表明,采用冲突识别模型的识别率相比未采用时提高25.81%,说明该模型能有效识别匝道合流冲突,提高通行效率,并可为V2X环境下匝道合流车辆提供安全预警.

基于地区线性矩法的四川省24 h极值降雨频率分析

为探究四川省24 h极值降雨在不同重现期不同频率下的时空分布特征,采用地区线性矩法划分四川省水文气象一致区,确定最优拟合线型,并验证地区线性矩法在站点稀疏地区的适用性,随后估计四川省24 h不同重现期降雨频率值,分析其时空分布特征。研究结果表明:(1)四川省可划分为40个水文气象一致区,经线型拟合优度检验,主要线型为GLO、GEV和GNO,其中川西高原地区的最优线型大多为GLO,盆地区域的最优线型大多为GEV。(2)地区线性矩法在站点相对稀疏的川西高原地区具有良好的适用性。(3)四川省内不同地区24 h极值降雨空间分布十分不均,同一重现期下不同地区降雨频率估计值的最大值可达最小值的10倍。

一种暴时电离层f_oF_2的经验预报方法

利用地磁指数Dst和AE以及电离层临界频率f0F2，通过分析磁扰期问成分扰动带的赤道向传播以及低纬穿透电场引起的等离子体漂移对电离层的影响，同时考虑地方时效应，提出一种提前1小时预报暴时电离层f0Fz的经验方法，并对2004～2005年10次磁暴期间的预报结果进行检验。结果表明，该方法能较好地预测中低纬电离层暴的演化，甚至能捕捉部分正负相交替出现的扰动，但对部分重复出现的正扰动尚有待改进。方法在磁暴事件中和暴目的平均预报误差低于国际参考电离层（IRI）中用于暴时修正的STORM模型，因而更具有实用性。

基于PMNT陶瓷的1-3型压电复合材料软模板法制备及其超声换能器研究

医用高频超声换能器广泛应用于人体及生物组织的精细结构成像。1-3型压电复合材料因具有较高的机电耦合系数和较低的声阻抗而成为高频超声换能器的核心材料。基于有限元计算和软模板法设计制备了高性能Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)-PbTiO_(3)陶瓷/环氧树脂压电复合材料,并对材料进行了系统的电学性能测试。结果显示该1-3型压电复合材料具有优异的声学综合性能,其厚度伸缩模式机电耦合系数k t达到70.1%,其声阻抗Z a达19.05 MRayl。利用该材料制备了高频超声换能器,其-6 dB带宽达85%,插入损耗为17.7 dB。结果表明使用软模板法制备的压电复合材料具有适合于超声成像的优异的综合性能,有望促进高频超声换能器的商业化应用。

The regional types of China＇s floating population： Identification methods and spatial patterns

With the rapid increase of the number and influence of floating population in China,it is urgently needed to understand the regional types of China＇s floating population and their spatial characteristics. After reviewing the current methods for identifying regional types of floating population,this paper puts forward a new composite-index identification method and its modification version which is consisted of two indexes of the net migration rate and gross migration rate. Then,the traditional single-index and the new composite-index identification methods are empirically tested to explore their spatial patterns and characteristics by using China＇s 2000 census data at county level. The results show：（1） The composite-index identification method is much better than traditional single-index method because it can measure the migration direction and scale of floating simultaneously,and in particular it can identify the unique regional types of floating population with large scale of immigration and emigration. （2） The modified composite-index identification method,by using the share of a region＇s certain type of floating population to the total in China as weights,can effectively correct the over-or under-estimated errors due to the rather large or small total population of a region. （3） The spatial patterns of different regional types of China＇s floating population are closely related to the regional differentiation of their natural environment,population density and socio-economic development level. The three active regional types of floating population are mainly located in the eastern part of China with lower elevation,more than 800 mm precipitation,rather higher population densities and economic development levels.

The Photonic Band Gaps in the Two-Dimensional Plasma Photonic Crystals with Rhombus Lattice

In this paper,under two different electromagnetic modes,the photonic band gaps（PBGs） in the two-dimensional plasma photonic crystals（PPCs） are theoretically investigated based on the plane wave expansion method.The proposed PPCs are arranged in rhombus lattices,in which the homogeneous unmagnetized plasma rods are immersed in the isotropic dielectric background.The computed results showed that PBGs can be easily tuned by the angle of rhombus lattices,and a cutoff frequency and a flatbands region can be observed under the TM and TE polarized waves,respectively.The relationships between the relative bandwidths of first PBGs and the parameters of PPCs in two such cases also are discussed.The numerical simulations showed that the PBGs can be manipulated obviously by the parameters as mentioned above.The proposed results can be used to design the waveguide and filter based on the PPCs.

复合材料充液管路流固耦合特性分析

为研究编织复合材料充液管道流固耦合特性,采用传递矩阵法,从各向异性材料本构方程、物理方程与边界条件出发,建立复合材料管道一维流固耦合动力学模型。将模型退化成各向同性管进行计算方法验证,并进一步开展复合材料管FEM软件流固耦合验证。计算结果表明:该计算结果与经典“4方程”模型及有限元三维模型结果一致。在证明了该模型及计算方法的正确性后,进一步研究复合材料管中的铺设角度与纤维体积分数对充液管路固有频率及波数的影响。研究结果表明:提高增强材料体积分数,管路固有频率增加,管路传播波数降低;铺设角度增加,固有频率降低,管壁中传播波数增加。该研究结果可为充液管路的设计与控制提供参考。

Analysis of vibration attenuation characteristics of large thickness carbon fiber composite laminates

The vibration attenuation and damping characteristics of carbon fiber reinforced composite laminates with different thicknesses were investigated by hammering experiments under free boundary constraints in different directions.The dynamic signal testing and analysis system is applied to collect and analyze the vibration signals of the composite specimens,and combine the self-spectrum analysis and logarithmic decay method to identify the fundamental frequencies of different specimens and calculate the damping ratios of different directions of the specimens.The results showed that the overall stiffness of the specimen increased with the increase of the specimen thickness,and when the thickness of the sample increases from 24mm to 32mm,the fundamental frequency increases by 35.1%,the vibration showed the same vibration attenuation and energy dissipation characteristics in the 0°and 90°directions of the specimen,compared with the specimen in the 45°direction,which was less likely to be excited and had poorer vibration attenuation ability,while the upper and lower surfaces of the same specimen showed slightly different attenuation characteristics to the vibration,the maximum difference of damping capacity between top and bottom surfaces of CFRP plates is about 70%.

高速铁路钢-混结合箱梁桥车致振动与结构噪声预测分析与试验验证

为了高效、快速地进行钢-混结合箱梁车致振动与结构噪声的预测,基于虚拟激励法-辛方法(PEM-SM),将轨道不平顺作为平稳性的随机激励,轨道结构视为无限长的周期性子结构,在频域内求解轨道系统的动力响应,建立有限元-边界元(FE-BEM)、统计能量(SEA)混合预测模型。将一32m高速铁路钢-混结合箱梁声振试验结果作为依据,验证所提方法与预测模型的有效性。分析结果表明:桥梁总振级和总声压级整体随着列车速度的增加而增大;钢梁腹板的总振级和总声压级均大于钢梁上翼缘和底板,腹板也是主要的声辐射构件。

暴雨频率图编制关键技术及示范应用

暴雨频率分析是开展暴雨洪水灾害风险评估和早期应对的重要基础。提出了暴雨频率图编制关键技术,包括资料收集处理、单站参数估计与频率分析等,形成以网格和小流域为单元的8种统计历时和8种重现期的暴雨频率图。结合第一次全国自然灾害综合风险普查项目江西省级水旱灾害专项试点成果,从数据资料、暴雨频率分析成果、设计暴雨雨型及分区成果等方面介绍了江西省暴雨频率图编制成果,为全面掌握暴雨时空分布规律和影响程度、提升洪水灾害早期识别和监测预报预警能力提供基础支撑。

非平稳性条件下设计洪水地区组成分析

针对非平稳性条件下不同区域洪水间组合设计值计算难题,采用Copula函数构建了可综合考虑不同区域洪水边缘分布非平稳性和洪水间相依结构非平稳性的变参数Copula模型,分析了不同区域洪水间联合分布规律随时间的演变特征。基于等可靠度法和条件期望组合法,提出了变化环境下设计洪水地区组成分析方法,实现了非平稳性条件下不同区域洪水组合设计值的计算。以寸滩站和宜昌站年最大15 d洪量系列为例,分析了两站洪量及其区间洪量的变化特征。结果表明,寸滩站和宜昌站的洪量系列均具有减少趋势,两站洪量的联合分布随时间变化,指定重现期对应的宜昌站、寸滩站及寸滩—宜昌区间洪水设计值随使用年限的增加而减小。

基于频率比—层次分析法的金沙江巧家段滑坡灾害易发性评价

滑坡灾害经常会造成重大的经济损失,并威胁生命安全,特别是地势高陡的地区,滑坡灾害的威胁更为严重。金沙江流域地势高陡,构造活跃,加上人类工程活动的影响,地质灾害非常发育。基于野外调查以及遥感解译,获取了金沙江巧家段流域的3573个滑坡灾害的空间分布,并基于层次分析法与频率比法相结合的方法,建立了金沙江巧家段滑坡的易发性评估模型。首先以高程、地形起伏度、坡度、坡向、土壤、土地利用类型、岩性、多年平均降雨量、地面峰值加速度(PGA)等因子作为触发因素,确定相应的滑坡相对频率(mLRF)。然后采用层次分析法确定各滑坡影响因子的相对权重,并对权重分配进行一致性检验。再根据权重将各影响因子的图层进行叠加计算,得到金沙江巧家段的滑坡灾害易发性评价图,结果表明:研究区60%以上属于中低易发性,约12%为高易发性区域,并多位于河谷两侧。最后,利用相等面积的滑坡和非滑坡像元,通过统计ROC曲线的线下面积(AUC)检验模型的准确性,结果为0.827,说明该模型是可靠的。由此,可以根据研究区的易发程度而采取相应的防灾减灾规划措施,以减轻该地区的滑坡风险。