Background: To evaluate bone-mineral-density-BMD determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-DEXA and bone turnover markers in chronic-kidney-disease-CKD patients. Method: An observational-clinical study of all pat...Background: To evaluate bone-mineral-density-BMD determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-DEXA and bone turnover markers in chronic-kidney-disease-CKD patients. Method: An observational-clinical study of all patients who were scanned by DEXA-scan in 2018. All patients with low-bone-density or osteoporosis-based on World-Health-Organization-WHO definition were included. Results: 505 patients with abnormal-BMD, 87.3% were in early-stage CKD-stage I - II, 8.5% were in CKD-stage III - V and 4.2% did not have renal tests. 95 (18.8%) were male with a mean age of 57.0 years and 410 (81.2%) were females with a mean age of 55.8 years. Patients of ≥65 years had lower T-score than those who were younger than 65 years-old. Among CKD patients, those with late-CKD (stage III - V) had less BMD-measurements and lower T-score than those with early-CKD (stage I - II). A significant positive correlation exists between parathyroid hormone-PTH-level and the lower T-score. Female had a worse T-score at the lumbar-region whereas male had a worse T-score at the femoral-region. There was no significant difference between males and females for the T-score at hip-region. Conclusion: We observed a distribution of abnormal BMD among different age, sex and CKD groups. Measurements of BMD by DEXA might be a useful test to diagnose osteoporosis in CKD patients. Femoral and total hip areas were more affected, however DEXA might not be able to detect osteoporosis in the lumbar area of CKD patients. T-scores are lower in patients with more severe CKD and lower in elderly patients. PTH level is associated proportionally to the degree of bone loss. Early intervention and proper management must be implemented early among CKD patients with multidisciplinary team approach strategy. More studies are needed to determine if DEXA techniques are enough to distinguish the quantity of bone loss between different stages of CKD.展开更多
目的探讨黑龙江地区脑梗死患者接受氯吡格雷治疗时CYP2C19基因多态性对治疗效果的影响。方法选取2022年1—12月在黑龙江省医院神经内科住院的90例脑梗死患者为研究对象。检测CYP2C19基因多态性,根据检测结果,将患者分为3组,快代谢组(n=...目的探讨黑龙江地区脑梗死患者接受氯吡格雷治疗时CYP2C19基因多态性对治疗效果的影响。方法选取2022年1—12月在黑龙江省医院神经内科住院的90例脑梗死患者为研究对象。检测CYP2C19基因多态性,根据检测结果,将患者分为3组,快代谢组(n=26)、中等代谢组(n=52)和慢代谢组(n=12)。所有患者均给予氯吡格雷治疗,对美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分及预后情况进行观察对比。结果在脑梗死患者中以快代谢型和中等代谢型为主要类型。治疗2周后,3组NIHSS评分低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且快代谢组评分为(6.23±1.38)分,低于中等代谢组、慢代谢组的(7.76±1.71)分、(10.12±1.29)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);快代谢组和中等代谢组预后良好率高于慢代谢组(P<0.05);快代谢组、中等代谢组和慢代谢组不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论通过对老年脑梗死患者行CYP2C19基因型检测来评估对氯吡格雷治疗的药物代谢能力和反应情况。有助于制定个体化的治疗方案,提高治疗效果并降低不良反应的发生率,可以最大限度地提高治疗效果,减少风险发生。展开更多
A geometric framework is proposed for semiparametric nonlinear regression models based on the concept of least favorable curve, introduced by Severini and Wong (1992). The authors use this framework to drive three kin...A geometric framework is proposed for semiparametric nonlinear regression models based on the concept of least favorable curve, introduced by Severini and Wong (1992). The authors use this framework to drive three kinds of improved approximate confidence regions for the parameter and parameter subset in terms of curvatures. The results obtained by Hamilton et al. (1982), Hamilton (1986) and Wei (1994) are extended to semiparametric nonlinear regression models.展开更多
In recent years long-term precipitation trends on a regional scale have been given emphasis due to the impacts of global warming on regional hydrology. In this study, regional precipitation trends are simulated over t...In recent years long-term precipitation trends on a regional scale have been given emphasis due to the impacts of global warming on regional hydrology. In this study, regional precipitation trends are simulated over the Europe continent for a 60-year period in 1950-2010 using an advanced regional model, WRF, to study extreme precipitation events over Europe. The model runs continuously for each year during the period at a horizontal resolution of 25 km with initial/ boundary conditions derived from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) 2.5 degree reanalysis data sets. The E-OBS 0.25 degree rainfall observation analysis is used for model validation. Results indicate that the model could reproduce the spatial annual rainfall pattern over Europe with low amounts (250 - 750 mm) in Iberian Peninsula, moderate to large amounts (750 - 1500 mm) in central, eastern and northeastern parts of Europe and extremely heavy falls (1500 - 2000 mm) in hilly areas of Alps with a slight overestimation in Alps and underestimation in other parts of Europe. The regional model integrations showed increasing errors (mean absolute errors) and decreasing correlations with increasing time scale (daily to seasonal). Rainfall is simulated relatively better in Iberian Peninsula, northwest and central parts of Europe. A large spatial variability with the highest number of wet days over eastern, central Europe and Alps (~200 days/year) and less number of wet days over Iberian Peninsula (≤150 days/year) is also found in agreement with observations. The model could simulate the spatial rainfall climate variability reasonably well with low rainfall days (1 - 10 mm/days) in almost all zones, heavy rainfall events in western, northern, southeastern hilly and coastal zones and extremely heavy rainfall events in northern coastal zones. An increasing trend of heavy rainfall in central, southern and southeastern parts, a decreasing trend in Iberian Peninsula and a steady trend in other zones are found. Overall, the simulated rainfall climatology was reproduced well for the low and heavy rainfall followed by very heavy and extremely heavy rainfall in Europe and the simulation is better in the Iberian west coast, central northern Europe and Alps Mountains.展开更多
目的比较区域麻醉和全身麻醉对老年单侧下肢骨折术后康复的影响。方法回顾本院2017年5月至2018年4月间行单侧下肢骨折手术的老年患者116例,男35例,女81例,年龄65～98岁,ASAⅠ—Ⅳ级。根据麻醉方式分为区域麻醉组(RA组,n=50)和全身麻醉组...目的比较区域麻醉和全身麻醉对老年单侧下肢骨折术后康复的影响。方法回顾本院2017年5月至2018年4月间行单侧下肢骨折手术的老年患者116例,男35例,女81例,年龄65～98岁,ASAⅠ—Ⅳ级。根据麻醉方式分为区域麻醉组(RA组,n=50)和全身麻醉组(GA组,n=66),记录两组患者性别、年龄、ASA分级、骨折部位、术前1 d Barthel评分和分级等术前基线资料;术式、手术时间和失血量等手术相关资料,ICU停留时间、术毕至下床活动时间、术后住院时间、术后3 d Barthel评分和分级等术后康复相关资料,建立3个Logistic回归模型记录2种麻醉方式老年单侧下肢骨折术后Barthel的评分。结果 RA组年龄明显大于GA组(P<0.05)。两组性别、ASA分级、骨折部位、术式、手术时间和失血量、ICU停留时间、术毕至下床活动时间、术后住院时间,术前1 d Barthel评分和分级等差异均无统计学意义。术后3 d RA组Barthel评分明显高于GA组(P<0.05),Barthel分级为III或IV级的比例明显低于GA组(P<0.05)。采用二元Logistic回归进一步调整潜在混杂因素,分析麻醉方式与术后3 d Barthel分级的关联强度,建立3个回归模型以去除潜在混杂因素影响后,RA组患者出现术后3 d Barthel分级为Ⅲ级或Ⅳ级的危险明显低于GA组(P<0.05)。按照模型1调整年龄因素后OR=0.235, 95%CI 0.103～0.538,P=0.001;按照模型2调整年龄和性别因素后OR=0.207, 95%CI 0.087～0.490,P<0.001;按照模型3调整年龄、性别和ASA分级因素后OR=0.210, 95%CI 0.088～0.498,P<0.001。结论老年患者行单侧下肢骨折手术时,与全身麻醉比较,区域麻醉更有助于患者提高Barthel评分,有助于早期康复。展开更多
文摘Background: To evaluate bone-mineral-density-BMD determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-DEXA and bone turnover markers in chronic-kidney-disease-CKD patients. Method: An observational-clinical study of all patients who were scanned by DEXA-scan in 2018. All patients with low-bone-density or osteoporosis-based on World-Health-Organization-WHO definition were included. Results: 505 patients with abnormal-BMD, 87.3% were in early-stage CKD-stage I - II, 8.5% were in CKD-stage III - V and 4.2% did not have renal tests. 95 (18.8%) were male with a mean age of 57.0 years and 410 (81.2%) were females with a mean age of 55.8 years. Patients of ≥65 years had lower T-score than those who were younger than 65 years-old. Among CKD patients, those with late-CKD (stage III - V) had less BMD-measurements and lower T-score than those with early-CKD (stage I - II). A significant positive correlation exists between parathyroid hormone-PTH-level and the lower T-score. Female had a worse T-score at the lumbar-region whereas male had a worse T-score at the femoral-region. There was no significant difference between males and females for the T-score at hip-region. Conclusion: We observed a distribution of abnormal BMD among different age, sex and CKD groups. Measurements of BMD by DEXA might be a useful test to diagnose osteoporosis in CKD patients. Femoral and total hip areas were more affected, however DEXA might not be able to detect osteoporosis in the lumbar area of CKD patients. T-scores are lower in patients with more severe CKD and lower in elderly patients. PTH level is associated proportionally to the degree of bone loss. Early intervention and proper management must be implemented early among CKD patients with multidisciplinary team approach strategy. More studies are needed to determine if DEXA techniques are enough to distinguish the quantity of bone loss between different stages of CKD.
文摘目的探讨黑龙江地区脑梗死患者接受氯吡格雷治疗时CYP2C19基因多态性对治疗效果的影响。方法选取2022年1—12月在黑龙江省医院神经内科住院的90例脑梗死患者为研究对象。检测CYP2C19基因多态性,根据检测结果,将患者分为3组,快代谢组(n=26)、中等代谢组(n=52)和慢代谢组(n=12)。所有患者均给予氯吡格雷治疗,对美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分及预后情况进行观察对比。结果在脑梗死患者中以快代谢型和中等代谢型为主要类型。治疗2周后,3组NIHSS评分低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且快代谢组评分为(6.23±1.38)分,低于中等代谢组、慢代谢组的(7.76±1.71)分、(10.12±1.29)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);快代谢组和中等代谢组预后良好率高于慢代谢组(P<0.05);快代谢组、中等代谢组和慢代谢组不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论通过对老年脑梗死患者行CYP2C19基因型检测来评估对氯吡格雷治疗的药物代谢能力和反应情况。有助于制定个体化的治疗方案,提高治疗效果并降低不良反应的发生率,可以最大限度地提高治疗效果,减少风险发生。
文摘A geometric framework is proposed for semiparametric nonlinear regression models based on the concept of least favorable curve, introduced by Severini and Wong (1992). The authors use this framework to drive three kinds of improved approximate confidence regions for the parameter and parameter subset in terms of curvatures. The results obtained by Hamilton et al. (1982), Hamilton (1986) and Wei (1994) are extended to semiparametric nonlinear regression models.
文摘In recent years long-term precipitation trends on a regional scale have been given emphasis due to the impacts of global warming on regional hydrology. In this study, regional precipitation trends are simulated over the Europe continent for a 60-year period in 1950-2010 using an advanced regional model, WRF, to study extreme precipitation events over Europe. The model runs continuously for each year during the period at a horizontal resolution of 25 km with initial/ boundary conditions derived from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) 2.5 degree reanalysis data sets. The E-OBS 0.25 degree rainfall observation analysis is used for model validation. Results indicate that the model could reproduce the spatial annual rainfall pattern over Europe with low amounts (250 - 750 mm) in Iberian Peninsula, moderate to large amounts (750 - 1500 mm) in central, eastern and northeastern parts of Europe and extremely heavy falls (1500 - 2000 mm) in hilly areas of Alps with a slight overestimation in Alps and underestimation in other parts of Europe. The regional model integrations showed increasing errors (mean absolute errors) and decreasing correlations with increasing time scale (daily to seasonal). Rainfall is simulated relatively better in Iberian Peninsula, northwest and central parts of Europe. A large spatial variability with the highest number of wet days over eastern, central Europe and Alps (~200 days/year) and less number of wet days over Iberian Peninsula (≤150 days/year) is also found in agreement with observations. The model could simulate the spatial rainfall climate variability reasonably well with low rainfall days (1 - 10 mm/days) in almost all zones, heavy rainfall events in western, northern, southeastern hilly and coastal zones and extremely heavy rainfall events in northern coastal zones. An increasing trend of heavy rainfall in central, southern and southeastern parts, a decreasing trend in Iberian Peninsula and a steady trend in other zones are found. Overall, the simulated rainfall climatology was reproduced well for the low and heavy rainfall followed by very heavy and extremely heavy rainfall in Europe and the simulation is better in the Iberian west coast, central northern Europe and Alps Mountains.
文摘目的比较区域麻醉和全身麻醉对老年单侧下肢骨折术后康复的影响。方法回顾本院2017年5月至2018年4月间行单侧下肢骨折手术的老年患者116例,男35例,女81例,年龄65～98岁,ASAⅠ—Ⅳ级。根据麻醉方式分为区域麻醉组(RA组,n=50)和全身麻醉组(GA组,n=66),记录两组患者性别、年龄、ASA分级、骨折部位、术前1 d Barthel评分和分级等术前基线资料;术式、手术时间和失血量等手术相关资料,ICU停留时间、术毕至下床活动时间、术后住院时间、术后3 d Barthel评分和分级等术后康复相关资料,建立3个Logistic回归模型记录2种麻醉方式老年单侧下肢骨折术后Barthel的评分。结果 RA组年龄明显大于GA组(P<0.05)。两组性别、ASA分级、骨折部位、术式、手术时间和失血量、ICU停留时间、术毕至下床活动时间、术后住院时间,术前1 d Barthel评分和分级等差异均无统计学意义。术后3 d RA组Barthel评分明显高于GA组(P<0.05),Barthel分级为III或IV级的比例明显低于GA组(P<0.05)。采用二元Logistic回归进一步调整潜在混杂因素,分析麻醉方式与术后3 d Barthel分级的关联强度,建立3个回归模型以去除潜在混杂因素影响后,RA组患者出现术后3 d Barthel分级为Ⅲ级或Ⅳ级的危险明显低于GA组(P<0.05)。按照模型1调整年龄因素后OR=0.235, 95%CI 0.103～0.538,P=0.001;按照模型2调整年龄和性别因素后OR=0.207, 95%CI 0.087～0.490,P<0.001;按照模型3调整年龄、性别和ASA分级因素后OR=0.210, 95%CI 0.088～0.498,P<0.001。结论老年患者行单侧下肢骨折手术时,与全身麻醉比较,区域麻醉更有助于患者提高Barthel评分,有助于早期康复。
