Hydrochemical characteristics of surface water in Hengduan mountain region of Eastern Tibet and its response to human activities:A case study of Duoqu Basin,Jinsha River

The analysis of hydrochemical characteristics and influencing factors of surface river on plateau is helpful to study water hydrological cycle and environmental evolution,which can scientifically guide rational development and utilization of water resources and planning of ecological environment protection.With the expansion and diversification of human activities,the quality of surface rivers will be more directly affected.Therefore,it is of great significance to pay attention to the hydrochemical characteristics of plateau surface rivers and the influence of human activities on their circulation and evolution.In this study,surface water in the Duoqu basin of Jinsha River located in Hengduan mountain region of Eastern Tibet was selected as the representative case.Twenty-three groups of surface water samples were collected to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics and ion sources based on correlation analysis,piper trigram,gibbs model,hydrogen and oxygen isotopic techniques.The results suggest the following:(1)The pH showed slight alkalinity with the value ranged from 7.25 to 8.62.Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+)and HCO_(3)^(–)were the main cations and anions.HCO_(3)^(-)Ca and HCO_(3)^(-)Ca·Mg were the primary hydrochemical types for the surface water of Duoqu River.The correlation analysis showed that TDS had the most significant correlation with Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+)and HCO_(3)^(–).Analysis on hydrogen and oxygen isotopes indicated that the surface rivers were mainly recharged by atmospheric precipitation and glacial melt water in this study area.(2)The surface water had a certain reverse cation alternating adsorption,and surface water ions were mainly derived from rock weathering,mainly controlled by weathering and dissolution of carbonates,and secondly by silicates and sodium rocks.(3)The influence of human activities was weak,while the development of cinnabar minerals had a certain impact on the hydrochemistry characteristics,which was the main factor for causing the increase of SO_(4)^(2–).The densely populated county towns and temples with frequent incense burning activities may cause some anomalies of surface water quality.At present,the Duoqu River watershed had gone through a certain influence of mineral exploitation,so the hydrological cycle and river eco-environment at watershed scale will still bound to be change.The results could provide basic support for better understanding water balance evolution as well as the ecological protection of Duoqu River watershed.

ON REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF RIVER WATER ENVIRONMENT CAPACITY AND STRATEGIES TO CONTROL WATER ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION IN CHINA

China has large population and wide territory, the natural conditions of different regions are complicated. water resources are distributed unbalanced.economic developing states are unequal. For these reasons the variation of concerned water environment capacity has obvious character of regional differentiation. In this paper, from the economic development point of view, the regular pattern of regional differentiation of China's water environment capacity resources is analyzed. the concept of contradictory degree between water environment capacity and economic development is introduced, based on them, rivers in China are divided into three regions, and corresponding strategies to control water pollution are advanced. The aims are to use river water environment capacity resources effectively. to control pollution and to improve environmental quality.

Effect of regional ecological carrying capacity on economic transformation

Combined with the actual situation of the western region city of Zunyi, the three subsystems including social, economic and natural environment evaluation index systems of ECC have been built based on the theory of ecological carrying capacity(ECC). In addition, the factor analysis method has been used and the influence factors on the ECC in the economic transition have been gained. The results show that factors of ECC in the three subsystems have different influence: 1) the natural subsystem, which contains factors on the ECC, has obvious limitation, and it has the greatest influence on industrial waste discharge per capita; 2) the social subsystem has a restriction on the ECC, which affects the traffic environment mostly; 3) the economic subsystem has a certain restriction on ECC, which has a large effect on the consumption level per capita.

Sustainable Consumption and Production in the Baltic Sea Region

Economic activity always has an impact on the environment, but the potential degree of this impact depends on consumption and production pattems. The aim of this paper is to analyse the environmental and well being impacts of consumption and production systems in Baltic Sea Region and draw conclusions about transferring of best practises in Latvia. This study is based on indicator analyses, focusing on data of environmental impacts from consumption and production in the region, and analyses drivers behind these impacts. The paper concludes two trends--Scandinavian countries and Germany which have more advanced economies demonstrate much higher ecoefficiency and environmental management practices compared to the new EU member states. The example of the Baltic Sea region shows that high income levels and a stable development path in the old EU member states provide grounds for technology advancement to reduce the environmental impact of production. However Baltic States and Poland on average demonstrate much more sustainable consumption patterns. But the trends in these countries are negative--they try to copy lifestyles and consumption patterns of more advanced economies with higher ecological footprint. Challenge for Latvia is to improve its ecoefficiency but at the same time develop more sustainable consumption patterns.

Land development suitability analysis for transport planning evaluation and optimization in mountainous ecological region

Transportation planning is a critical component for creating an orderly,intensive,and sustainable pattern of land development.By comprehensively considering the potential and suitability of transport construction,a comprehensive method combining resources and environmental carrying capacity(RECC)and land development suitability(LDS)was developed by using techniques of GIS,analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and threedimensional magic cube.Taking Aba prefecture in Sichuan Province of Southwest China as a case study,LDS for transportation was analyzed from three aspects,including overall planning layout,different transport modes,and transportation projects.The results showed that the transport planning scales of most counties in Aba were suitable,and the order of LDS of different transport modes was railway>highway=superhighway>tourism track,which already included 42 new transportation projects.We found that two counties(Maoxian County and Jiuzhaigou County)should improve the ecological protection level of transportation,in which the railway network construction should be encouraged,and some transportation projects with low LDS should be postponed or constructed harmlessly.We suggest the combination of RECC and LDS for transportation could enhance the territorial space optimization and sustainable transport construction.

Upstream-downstream linkages of hydrological processes in the Himalayan region

Understanding the upstream-downstream linkages in hydrological processes is essential for water resources planning in river basins.Although there are many studies of individual aspects of these processes in the Himalayan region,studies along the length of the basins are limited.This study summarizes the present state of knowledge about linkages in hydrological processes between upstream and downstream areas of river basins in the Himalayan region based on a literature review.The paper studies the linkages between the changes in the physical environment of upstream areas(land use,snow storage,and soil erosion)and of climate change on the downstream water availability,flood and dry season flow,and erosion and sedimentation.It is argued that these linkages are complex due to the extreme altitudinal range associated with the young and fragile geology,extreme seasonal and spatial variation in rainfall,and diversity of anthropogenic processes.Based on the findings,the paper concludes that integrated systems analysis is required to understand the holistic complexity of upstream-downstream linkages of hydrological processes in the river basin context.The integrated land and water resources management(ILWRM)approach can be instrumental in developing adaptive solutions to problems and can also enable stakeholders of upstream and downstream areas with various interests and needs to work together for the better utilization and management of land and water resources.As a part of this,the specific circumstances of the upstream communities,who live in fragile and inaccessible mountain areas with limited resource opportunities,should be taken into account so that incentive mechanisms can be established to encourage and acknowledge their contribution.

Regional Differentiation and Classification for Carrying Constraints on the Resources and Environment of China

Research on the relationship between national resource constraint-region types and environmental carrying capacity is essential for the continued development of Chinese industrialization and urbanization.Thus,utilizing a series of key indexes including the per-capita potential of available land resources,the per-capita potential of available water resources,the degree of environmental stress,and the degree of ecological restriction,a step-by-step,integrated measuring method is presented here to understand the constrained carrying elements of water and land resources as well as environment and ecology.Spatial differences are analyzed and area types classified at the county level across China.Results reveal that：（1）Almost 90%of China is strongly constrained by both resources and the environment,while nearly 50%of national territory is strongly constrained by two elements,especially in areas of intensive population and industry to the east of the Helan-Longmen Mountain line;（2）Densely populated areas of eastern and central China,as well as on the Tibetan Plateau,are strongly constrained by a shortage of land resources,while North China,the northwest,northeast,the Sichuan basin,and some southern cities are experiencing strong constraints because of water shortages.In contrast,the North China plain,the Yangtze River delta,northern Jiangsu,Sichuan province,Chongqing municipality,Guizhou and Guangxi provinces,the northeast plain,and the northern Loess Plateau are constrained by high levels of environmental stress.Areas of China that are strongly ecologically constrained tend to be concentrated to the southwest of the Tianshan-Dabie Mountain line,as well as in the northeast on the Loess Plateau,in the Alashan of Inner Mongolia,in northeast China,and in the northern Jiangsu coastal area;（3）Constraints on national resources and environmental carrying capacity are diverse and cross-cut China,meanwhile,multi-element spatial distribution does reveal a degree of relative centralization.With the exception of the Tibetan Plateau which is resources-ecological constraint,other areas subject to cross constraints are mainly concentrated to the east of the Helan-Longmen Mountain line.

跨区域量化比较3种土壤类型坡面的拦蓄径流能力

[目的]基于定量化数值建立一个跨区域评价不同土壤类型和管理措施坡面拦蓄径流能力的指标体系,为水土流失防治工作提供科学指导。[方法]在新疆维吾尔自治区伊宁市北山坡的灰钙土、棕红土坡面和贵州赤水市大石河小流域的紫色土坡面各布设了4种管理措施的径流小区,基于2019—2021年4—9月的自然降雨量和径流量观测数据,用径流系数、径流曲线数(CN值)和降雨产流阈值数据量化比较了12个径流小区的减流能力。[结果]不同土壤拦蓄径流能力排序为:灰钙土<棕红土<紫色土,其CN值分别为90.05,89.53和77.36;其降雨产流阈值分别为3.44,3.50和14.96 mm。不同评价指标结果均显示,灰钙土和棕红土管理措施坡面的拦蓄径流能力顺序为:枯草覆盖>水平沟>增渗孔>对照;紫色土管理措施坡面减流能力的顺序为:园地>草地>耕地>对照。对于对照小区,当径流系数增加1%时,灰钙土、棕红土和紫色土的径流深分别增加了1.73,2.61和6.79 mm;当CN值增加1时,3种土壤坡面的径流深则将分别减少1.00,1.00和0.71 mm。[结论]跨区域评价不同土壤类型坡面的减流能力时,推荐用CN值和降雨产流阈值指标,不宜使用径流系数。

基于阻塞线路潮流约束的动态价区划分方式

区域电力市场的出清和结算完全基于价区,价区的划分是该市场机制的根本。动态的价区划分方法基于功率传输分配因子、节点价格等参数进行聚类,能准确地反映线路容量限制,然而该方法下系统仍可能存在严重阻塞。基于一种谱聚类的价区划分策略上提出了阻塞线路潮流约束,考虑多种价区功率分布拟合系数以表示净功率变化对阻塞线路潮流的影响。结果表明,约束有效缓解了阻塞,对现有分区方法提供了有效改进。

建筑绿色化发展与资源环境承载力的综合评价研究——以京津冀、长三角、珠三角地区为例

为了界定建筑绿色化发展与资源环境承载情况,为建筑和环境的发展提供参考,提出建筑绿色化发展与资源环境承载力综合评价方法。考虑建筑绿色化发展与资源环境承载力的影响因素,收集建筑和资源的发展数据,从建筑绿色化发展和资源环境承载力两个方面构建综合评价指标体系,结合评价指标权重的计算结果,实现对建筑绿色化发展与资源环境承载力的综合评价。以京津冀、长三角、珠三角地区为研究对象,得出建筑绿色化发展和资源环境承载力的评分结果,通过与真实值的对比,证明优化设计评价方法具有更高的评价精度。

我国PFASs环境管理现状及其污染防治建议

因全氟及多氟烷基化合物(PFASs)在环境中具有持久性、生物蓄积性、高毒性和长距离迁移等特性,由其带来的环境与健康风险一直是人们关注的热点。该文对近年来我国地表水、地下水、饮用水、土壤和大气环境中PFASs分布情况进行总结,分析PFASs在各环境介质中的污染水平、组成特点和分布特征,对我国PFASs相关管控政策进行系统梳理,并在此基础上,提出建立PFASs清单、加快替代物应用示范、强化科技支撑和推进技术培训与宣传的PFASs污染防治建议。该文旨在为我国PFASs等新污染物的有效监管提供一定的技术支撑,为推进PFASs在环境中迁移转化、风险评估、暴露研究、毒性机理等相关研究提供技术参考。

舒城县民主河水环境综合治理路径与措施研究

随着城市化的加速,水环境问题逐渐成为限制区域可持续发展的主要因素。文章探讨了安徽省舒城县民主河水环境综合治理项目如何通过污染源控制、生态修复和水质监测管理等措施,有效改善水质并提升区域竞争力。项目实施了农村污水处理设施、生态护岸和引水活源工程等关键措施,成功恢复了生态系统功能,提升了居民生活质量,并增强了区域吸引力。尽管面临资金、技术和社区参与挑战,但通过有效对策,这些挑战得到了妥善管理。舒城县的经验为其他地区提供了宝贵的水环境治理参考。

Considerations on Research of Environmental Risk Prevention and Control in “12th Five-Year Plan” Period

Along with the environmental pollution causes complexity and diversity increases ceaselessly, “national environmental protection” Twelfth Five “planning” (hereinafter referred to as “planning”) will be the environmental risk prevention as the “12th Five-Year Plan” one of the important tasks, including advancing environmental risk management in the whole process, key areas the environmental risk prevention measures. The whole process environmental risk management covers a risk source recognition, receptor vulnerability assessment, environmental risk characterization, risk decision and risk assessment of accident loss. This article from the environmental risk source classification, environmental risk classification management, environmental emergency response and environmental risk and insurance environment four aspects put forward the “12th Five-Year Plan” whole process environmental risk management content, to further reduce our country environmental pollution accident risk and policy makers to provide some decision support.

区域环境统计在环境管理中的应用分析

本文简述了环境统计制度的发展历程,并以成武县环境统计数据在该地区的实践应用为例,重点对工业源环境统计数据进行分析;论述了区域环境统计在环境管理中的实际应用领域、方式、意义等,以及目前环境统计制度在基层环境管理实践中遇到的问题及建议。

环境调控下的“废墟”——基于时间的新纪念性表现

可变性是现代公共建筑在表现新纪念性时需要解决的问题,本质上是时间因素介入建筑的一种方式。通过形式自身蕴含的纪念性、不同时间并置所带来的可变性,人造“废墟”概念回答了新纪念性的形象问题。环境调控技术既可以从物质上促成“废墟”的形成,也可以是其形式的逻辑基础。在此基础上,文章重点讨论了在新地域主义语境下,现当代建筑师如何依托被动式环境调控技术,利用时间的加速来实现具象的“废墟”,利用时间的层叠来呈现抽象的“废墟”。

数字化转型、吸收能力与制造企业双重绩效——地区数字化水平的调节作用

在数字化转型浪潮下,制造企业能否以及如何提升财务和环境双重绩效对构建持续竞争优势至关重要。基于资源和能力视角,采用2015—2020年140家制造业上市企业的相关数据,研究了数字化转型对企业财务绩效和环境绩效的差异性影响,并进一步检验了吸收能力的中介作用和地区数字化水平的调节作用。研究发现:数字化转型对企业财务绩效和环境绩效均有显著正向影响,对环境绩效的正向影响更强;吸收能力仅在数字化转型与企业财务绩效间发挥中介作用,但在数字化转型与企业环境绩效间没有发挥中介效应;地区数字化水平正向调节数字化转型对吸收能力和企业双重绩效的促进作用;数字化转型对企业双重绩效的影响在企业产权性质、企业成长性等方面存在明显的差异化特征。研究结论深化了数字化转型与制造企业双重绩效之间关系的认识,对于引导制造企业积极开展数字化转型提供了理论指导。

环境协同治理的经济增长效应——以“长三角区域大气污染防治协作机制”政策为例

区域环境协同治理是近年来中国城市群发展中的关键议题,区域经济协调更是关乎高质量发展的必要因素,两者关系相互交织、相互作用。从区域环境协同治理角度探究促进区域经济发展是新时期推动经济绿色发展、全面推进生态文明建设的重要路径选择。本文以2014年“长三角区域大气污染防治协作机制”这一政策作为准自然实验,选取2003—2019年中国257个地级及以上城市面板数据作为初始样本,运用广义合成控制法,从政策实施有效性视角检验了长三角区域环境协同治理的经济激励效应;采用空间计量模型,从区域环境协同治理状态视角考察了协同度的经济空间溢出影响及传导路径。研究发现:长三角区域环境协同治理对区域经济增长具有显著的促进作用,呈加速态势,分类进行一系列时间安慰剂和稳健性检验后研究结果依然成立。协同度对区域经济增长的影响呈显著的空间溢出效应,长三角区域环境协同治理能够实现对邻近城市经济发展水平的激励,最终实现整体的区域经济增长。科技创新和产业结构均是区域环境协同治理影响经济增长的重要传导渠道。本文建议在长三角区域一体化进程中,需要强化城市的主动协同效应,增强城市的积极性、创造性和能动性,为区域环境协同治理促进长三角区域经济发展提供主体动力。

跨行政区小流域水污染特征分析

跨行政区的小流域水污染特征复杂,且因行政主体不同而导致水环境治理困难。以合肥市二十埠河小流域为例,采用现场调查和模型计算相结合的方法,开展流域污染特征分析与研究。结果表明,点源为流域内最重要的污染源,由点源产生的各主要污染物入河负荷贡献率达47.3%~65.4%。各行政区域对河流的污染贡献率存在差异,上游的新站区对二十埠河的污染贡献率最高(COD占比47.88%, TP占比45.67%),下游的肥东县内存在大片农田和散户畜禽养殖,造成NH3-N入河负荷较高(37.96%)。新站区(汛期)和肥东县(非汛期)的NH3-N环境容量为负值,为了实现控制目标,分别需要削减NH3-N入河负荷21.60和81.18 t/a。为改善二十埠河水环境质量,建议将点源污染控制作为流域污染治理工作重点,并做好农业面源污染控制,解决NH3-N环境容量不足的问题。

长三角地区国土资源环境承载力状态评价与预警研究

在长三角一体化发展全面推进的关键时期,国土资源环境承载力状态评价是实现该地区资源配置和空间优化的基本依据,也是促进经济社会协调发展的重要手段。本文通过对长三角地区县域尺度的国土资源环境承载力状态评价,确定了区域国土资源承载力预警等级。结果表明:长三角地区国土资源环境承载力总体上东部和北部好于西部和南部;大部分地区国土资源环境承载压力较小,仅少部分有较大压力;大部分地区资源环境耗损变化向好发展,江苏省、浙江省、安徽省各有少部分地区变化趋差;长三角大部分地区属于无警区和轻警区。根据预警结果,从自然禀赋条件、经济社会发展、资源环境管理等方面进行成因分析。针对资源环境开发利用,从优化国土空间结构和布局、强化空间管控等方面提出了提升国土资源环境承载力的对策建议。