Regional accessibility of land traffic network in the Yangtze River Delta

In a given district, the accessibility of any point should be the synthetically evaluation of the internal and external accessibilities. Using MapX component and Delphi, the author presents an information system to calculate and analyze regional accessibility according to the shortest travel time, generating thus a mark diffusing figure. Based on land traffic network, this paper assesses the present and the future regional accessibilities of sixteen major cities in the Yangtze River Delta. The result shows that the regional accessibility of the Yangtze River Delta presents a fan with Shanghai as its core. The top two most accessible cities are Shanghai and Jiaxing, and the bottom two ones are Taizhou （Zhejiang province） and Nantong With the construction of Sutong Bridge, Hangzhouwan Bridge and Zhoushan Bridge, the regional internal accessibility of all cities will be improved. Especially for Shaoxing, Ningbo and Taizhou （Jiangsu province）, the regional internal accessibility will be decreased by one hour, and other cities will be shortened by about 25 minutes averagely. As the construction of Yangkou Harbor in Nantong, the regional external accessibility of the harbor cities in Jiangsu province will be speeded up by about one hour.

Analysis of cumulative handoff delay for graded secondary users in cognitive radio networks

According to the fact that the secondary users＇ delay requirements for data transmission are not unitary in cognitive radio networks, the secondary users are divided into two classes, denoted by SU1 and SU2, respectively. It is assumed that SU1 has a higher priority to occupy the primary users＇ unutilized channels than SU2. A preemptive resume priority M/G/1 queuing network is used to model the multiple spectrum handoffs processing. By using a state transition probability matrix and a cost matrix, the average cumulative delays of SU1 and SU2 are calculated, respectively. Numerical results show that the more the primary user＇s traffic load, the more rapidly the SU2＇s cumulative handoff delay grows. Compared with the networks where secondary users are unitary, the lower the SUI＇s arrival rate, the more obviously both SUI＇s and SU2＇s handoff delays decrease. The admission access regions limited by the maximum tolerable delay can also facilitate the design of admission control rules for graded secondary users.

Distributed Robust Energy and Reserve Dispatch for Coordinated Transmission and Active Distribution Systems

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources introduces higher requirements for the operation flexibility of transmission system(TS) and connected active distribution systems(DSs). This paper presents an efficient distributed framework for the TS and DSs to work cooperatively yet independently. In addition to conventional power interaction, upward and downward reserve capacities are exchanged to form the feasible access regions at the boundaries that apply to different system operation situations. A distributed robust energy and reserve dispatch approach is proposed under this framework. The approach utilizes the supply-and demand-side resources in different systems to handle various uncertainties and improve overall efficiency and reliability. In particular, integrated as aggregated virtual energy storage(AVES) devices, air-conditioning loads are incorporated into the optimal dispatch. In addition, a reserve model with charging/discharging-state elasticity is developed for AVESs to enhance system flexibility and provide additional reserve support. Different cases are compared to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach.

Developmental dynamics of the single nucleus regulatory landscape of pig hippocampus

The hippocampus is a brain region associated with memory,learning and spatial navigation,its aging-related dysfunction is a common sign of Alzheimer’s disease.Pig is a good model for human neurodegenerative disease,but our understanding of the regulatory program of the pig hippocampus and its cross-species conservation in humans remains limited.Here,we profiled chromatin accessibility in 33,409 high-quality nuclei and gene expression in 8,122 high-quality nuclei of the pig hippocampus at four postnatal stages.We identified 510,908 accessible chromatin regions(ACRs)in 12 major cell types,among which progenitor cells such as neuroblasts and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells showed a dynamic decrease from early to later developmental stages.We revealed significant enrichment of transposable elements in cell type-specific ACRs,particularly in neuroblasts.We identified oligodendrocytes as the most prominent cell type with the greatest number of genes that showed significant changes during the development.We identified ACRs and key transcription factors underlying the trajectory of neurogenesis(such as POU3F3 and EGR1)and oligodendrocyte differentiation(RXRA and FOXO6).We examined 27 Alzheimer’s disease-related genes in our data and found that 15 showed cell type-specific activity(TREM2,RIN3 and CLU),and 15 genes displayed age-associated dynamic activity(BIN1,RABEP1 and APOE).We intersected our data with human genome-wide association study results to detect neurological disease-associated cell types.The present study provides a single nucleusaccessible chromatin landscape of the pig hippocampus at different developmental stages and is helpful for the exploration of pigs as a biomedical model in human neurodegenerative diseases.

Accessible chromatin regions and their functional interrelations with gene transcription and epigenetic modifications in sorghum genome

Accessible chromatin regions(ACRs)provide physical scaffolds to recruit transcriptional co-regulators and displace their nearby nucleosomes in multiple plant species.Characterization of ACRs and investigation of their biological effects in Sorghum bicolor has lagged behind.Regulation of gene expression relies on the transcriptional co-regulators that are recruited to ACRs to affect epigenomic modifications of surrounding nucleosomes.In this study,we employed transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing to identify ACRs and decipher how the presence of ACRs affects gene expression and epigenetic signatures in the Sorghum genome.As a result,21077 ACRs,which are mapped to 22.9%of genes and 2.7%of repeats,were identified.The profiling of ACRs on gene structures reveals a narrow and sharp peak around the transcription start site,with relatively weak and broad signals covering the entire gene body and an explicit but wide peak from the transcription termination site to its downstream regions.We discovered that the correlations between gene expression levels and profiled ACR densities are dependent on the positions of ACRs.The occurrence of genic ACRs cumulatively enhances the transcriptional activity of intergenic ACR-associated genes.In addition,an intricate crosstalk among ACRs,gene expression,and epigenetic marks has been unveiled by integrating multiple-omics analyses of whole-genome bisulfite sequencing,6mA immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing,RNA sequencing,chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing,and DNase I hypersensitive sites sequencing datasets.Our study provides a genome-wide landscape of ACRs in sorghum,decrypts their interrelations with various epigenetic marks,and sheds new light on their roles in transcriptional regulation.