INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION PROMOTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

On the occasion of celebrating the 45th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), in recalling the development history of the CAS’s international exchange and cooperation,we feel gratified to see that it has entered into an unprecedented era of dynamic expansion and progress. The CAS’s international cooperation experienced a stage of "exchange only with eastern countries" in its inceptive years and at a time of actual stagnation in"cultural revolution". It was the Third Session of the Eleventh Congress of the Chinese Communist

Prospects for Science and Technology Cooperation belween the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and Portugal under the Belt and Road Initiative

President Xi,focusing on building a new pattern of all-round opening up to the outside world and promoting the common prosperity and progress of all countries,put forward a major proposal for the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the maritime Silk Road in twenty-first Century.The bay area economy as an important coastal economic form,is the highlight of the current international economic map,and is a significant symbol of the world's first-class coastal city.The international first-class bay areas,such as New York Bay area,San Francisco Bay area and Tokyo Bay area,are characterized by openness,innovation,livability and internationalization.The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has four worldclass cities,name Guangzhou,Shenzhen,Hong Kong and Macao,and the Pearl River Delta city cluster.It has an open economic structure,efficient resource allocation ability,strong agglomeration and spillover function and development international communication network plays a core function of leading innovation and gathering radiation.It is an important growth pole for promoting the economic development of the maritime Silk Road and a leader in technological change.With the help of Portugal's geographical position on the maritime Silk Road and market access advantages within the EU system,the Greater Bay Area should further deepen scientific and technological cooperation,improve the ability of scientific and technological innovation of both sides,let the scientific research subjects of the bay area help Portugal's scientific and technological development,and enhance PortugaFs scientific and technological position in the EU.From the perspective of the Belt and Road Initiative,combined with the basic situation and cooperation of China,especially Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao,and the development of science and technology in Portugal,this article explores the technological fields,policy measures that are suitable for scientific and technological cooperation between the two sides,and puts forward corresponding suggestions to contribute to the technological development of China,Portugal and the global economic and social sustainable development.

Actively Promoting Regional Space Cooperation——Vice Administrator, Loan Enjie headed a delegation to attend the Second Asia-Pacific Conference on Multilateral Cooperation in Space Technology and Applications

A Chinese delegation of 24 persons headed by Mr. Luan Enjie, Vice Administrator of China National Space Administration (CNSA) attended the Second Asia-Pacific Conference on Multilateral Cooperation in Space Technology and Applications held at Islamabad, the Capital of Pakistan from April 22 to 26, 1995. Following the First AsiaPacific Workshop held in Beijing in December, 1992, and the First Asia-Pacific Conference on Multilateral Cooperation in

JOINT EFFORTS FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT——Prospects for Science and Technology Cooperation between Hong Kong and the Mainland

There is a long tradition of friendly exchange and cooperation between the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the universities in Hong Kong. In recent years, both sides have been increasingly realizing the importance of furthering their Collaboration and exchange and the cooperation has become more active, laying greater

Present Situation and Thinking of the Evaluation and Management of Biomedical Projects in Shenzhen Industrial Park of Shenzhen-Hong Kong Cooperation Zone

Objective To put forward some suggestions for the improvement of the evaluation system of Shenzhen Industrial Park of Shenzhen-Hong Kong Innovation Cooperation Zone by studying the scientific research project evaluation and management system of Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development(AMED).Methods Through literature review,lessons were drawn from the review and management policies and methods of biomedical projects implemented by Japan AMED.Then some reference was provided to the review and management of the projects in Shenzhen Industrial Park.Results and Conclusion A basic review framework has been set up in Shenzhen Industrial Park,which consists of scientific research management institution of Shenzhen Industrial Park,Third-Party Review Institution and Science Committee.However,there are three problems in this system:unclear selection criteria of review experts,insufficient supervision and lack of project evaluation standards.These problems can be solved by establishing an expert think tank,setting up graded project supervisors to have the dynamic monitoring,and developing a general evaluation scale for evaluating scientific research projects in Shenzhen Industrial Park.

SWOT Analysis on the Belt and Road Innovation Cooperation between Guangdong and Brazil

As China-US relations and COVID-19 situation are getting more and more serious,the cooperation between the Guangdong and Portuguesespeaking countries may also be affected.This article starts with the research on the cooperation mechanism and situation between China and Brazil under the Belt and Road Initiative.It uses SWOT to analyze Brazil's innovation advantages and shortcomings,the opportunities brought by scientific and technological cooperation and how to handle to the corresponding threats.This article attempts to propose areas and suggestions for the development of scientific and technological cooperation between the two sides.

The health care economic-industrial complex: Concepts and general characteristics

The strategic role of health care within the Brazilian development agenda has been increasingly recognized and institutionalized. Aside from its importance as a structural element of the Welfare State, health care plays a leading role in generating innovation. Despite this, the productive base of Brazil’s health care system is extremely fragile, jeopardizing both the universal provision of health care services and the country’s competitive insertion in the globalized environment. This suggests the need for a more systematic analysis of the complex relationships that exist between the technological and the social interests involved in the productive base of health care provision in Brazil. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to enhance our understanding of the productive base of health care, especially given its potential to contribute to a socially inclusive development model, which is the ultimate goal in Brazil.

新时代我国发起成立国际科技组织:机理、问题与路径

在科技自立自强成为国家发展战略目标与任务的大背景下,“发起成立国际科技组织”作为新时代我国国际科技交流合作新的重要形态,能够使我国在激烈的国际科技竞争中掌握战略主动。基于机理分析,我国发起成立的国际科技组织在组织属性、组织行为等维度上应具备实体化、公共化、国际化、法制化等基本要件。针对存在的主要问题,我国需要制定相关战略性整体规划、营造更开放的政策环境、出台更细化的成立审批要求和流程。在路径选择上,我国发起成立国际科技组织应遵循坚持独立自主、用好国际资源、选准学科领域、使用战略科学家等根本原则,同时,应基于自身优势和战略需求、突出组织特色和互补能力,通过组织创新的价值体现避免出现组织拥挤现象。

新质生产力:指标构建与时空演进

新质生产力作为一个全新的概念,为中国的经济和社会发展指明了新的方向,对其内涵与意义的深度发掘至关重要。文章基于生产力的三大构成要件,在挖掘新质生产力长远要求原则下构建其综合评价指标体系,并运用熵值法对中国省域新质生产力发展水平进行测度。研究发现:(1)新质生产力从总体上呈增长趋势,但在南北、四大区域和五大经济带存在显著时空差异;(2)新质生产力在省域之间呈现梯度提升和发展不均衡特点;(3)分维度发现,生产资料对新质生产力提升的贡献度最高,劳动者维度的贡献最低且存在空间极化现象;(4)新质生产力具有显著的集聚效应,主要表现为低-低集聚和高-高集聚,并具有时空收敛性特征。进而提出优化人力资本结构、发挥新质生产力集聚效应和健全区域协调发展机制等政策建议。本文或可加深对中国新质生产力的时空发展格局的认知,为新质生产力培育进而促进经济高质量发展提供新思路。

科创走廊创新生态系统的构建:底层逻辑和实现路径

科创走廊创新生态系统以“科技创新”为核心主张,以“走廊”为空间组织方式,集聚创新人才、整合创新资源,在推动基于科学的创新、促进区域科技成果转化方面展现出极大优越性。我国长期以来偏向应用的创新发展模式,在新形势下暴露出难以克服的“卡脖子”“重复建设”等问题。基于此,近年来科创走廊方兴未艾。其底层逻辑是,协同整合创新生态系统中的各类创新资源,在跨市域的“中尺度”范围内,以基于科学的产业为引领进行产业优化与重组——产业重组,构建产业链创新链全链条顺畅的“中尺度”科创走廊创新生态系统——区域重构,最终实现价值的共创、共赢、共享。进而从企业、产业和区域三个维度构建科创走廊创新生态系统,其关键是构建产业协同创新服务体系,促进产业资源要素流动配置,优化区域经济社会发展结构,最终实现区域科技创新生态高质量发展。

跨国产学研合作的动力模型与案例分析

以国家为分析单元,研究提出跨国产学研合作的动力模型,包括政治动力、市场动力、研究动力和社会动力4个方面,以及地缘政治、市场因素、研发投资等14项因素。以中美清洁能源联合研究中心(CERC)为案例,对动力模型进行阐述和验证。案例分析显示,强大的合作动力可促成跨国产学研合作,动力不足时合作难以实现。最后,提出促进未来跨国产学研合作的五点建议,包括聚焦全球共同挑战、推动制度性开放、发挥非对称优势、强化人文交流纽带、政府与市场协作发力等。

石家庄市县域科技创新与经济发展耦合协调关系时空演变

选取石家庄市13个县域单元作为研究区域,构建科技创新能力和经济发展水平评价指标体系,计算评价指数,测算两者的耦合协调度,使用ArcGIS绘制空间分布图,深入剖析科技创新能力、经济发展水平以及两者耦合协调关系的时空演变特征。研究发现:全市县域科技创新能力和经济发展水平呈现较强的正相关性,且都在2010—2017年间提升速度较快,而在2019年之后提升速度呈减慢的趋势。2010—2021年经济发展水平指数均高于科技创新能力指数,但后者提升速度高于前者,表明石家庄市各县域科技创新能力滞后于经济发展水平,但科技创新能力的发展势头较好。2010年以来,全市县域耦合协调度呈现上升趋势,但耦合协调度与科技创新能力和经济发展水平的变化趋势相似,即2018年之前的提升速度要快于2018年之后。2021年,全市县域耦合协调度等级为“勉强协调发展”,协调发展水平较低,有待进一步提升。

中-美创新体系:演变历程、影响因素及启示

过去几十年,中美两国科技经贸合作共同塑造了“中-美创新体系”。中美创新体系正在经历从“互补型”转向“竞争型”,甚至在部分领域出现“斗争型”倾向。这种转型既有技术革命、数字化转型和地缘政治导致的不稳定“分离”,也有科技发展规律、世界经济结构、市场机制和全球挑战等催生的“双赢”与合作的稳定因素。从技术革命引发的经济周期看,中美创新体系内部围绕科技创新而产生的制度冲突、调整、适应仍将持续。保持中美创新体系的稳定和发展,有利于双方,也有利于全球经济复苏和创新发展。对此,双方应着眼长远,坚持开放、合作、包容等原则,从促进创新主体互动、创新资源开放等方面共同促进体系良性发展。

财政分权的绿色技术创新效应研究

绿色技术创新是实现绿色低碳发展的核心驱动力,明确财政分权在绿色技术创新过程中发挥的作用具有十分重要的现实意义。本文基于中国省级面板数据,运用固定效应模型等多种数据分析方法,实证考察了财政分权对绿色技术创新的影响。研究发现,财政分权抑制了绿色技术创新。财政科学技术支出和环境规制是财政分权抑制绿色技术创新的主要渠道;在低收入地区,财政分权抑制了绿色技术创新,而在中高收入地区,财政分权促进了绿色技术创新。本文为深化我国财政分权体制改革,加快推进绿色技术创新提供了政策启示。

工业技术文化与德国应用科学大学:定位、专业与师资

工业技术文化伴随工业生产而形成与发展,是关于工业生产与技术的价值信念体系,它是工业社会的主导文化,也是以职业技术类教育为代表的现代教育的价值基础。德国的工业技术文化在产生渊源和作用方式上都具有特异性,它为德国的校企合作提供了文化上的共通性和亲缘性,为相关制度的高效运行提供了保障和前提。笔谈对德国技术类教育的几个剖面分别进行分析,结合相关的案例,从宏观或中观视角,观察工业技术文化如何在其中发生作用,以及在工业技术文化视角下,教育调控、双元制等如何得以协调运转。

川渝地区农业绿色高效用水科技攻关方向与对策建议

川渝地区农业种植面积大、从业人员多、产业份额大、战略意义强,但该地区长期面临严重的季节性干旱和工程性缺水,且农业绿色高效用水发展水平与经济发展、区域地位并不匹配,需提高农业节水抗旱减灾保产能力和水资源利用效率,推动川渝现代节水农业高质量发展。总结了川渝地区农业用水现状和高水效农业发展面临的问题,分析了该地区农业绿色高效用水的实际需求,在此基础上提出开展川渝农业绿色高效用水关键科技项目攻关、构建农业绿色高效用水专家智库、构建西南季节性干旱区农业绿色高效用水技术体系、建设特色水果产业节水科技创新中心、建立川渝农业绿色高效用水产业联盟等一系列对策建议。

基于知识流动的技术守门人识别——以区块链技术领域为例

[目的/意义]技术守门人是影响新技术信息传播的关键角色,有效识别守门人有利于更好地扶持领域内技术创新主体。[方法/过程]文章以技术守门人的定义为基础,并结合科学—技术互动关联理论,选取区块链技术领域为研究对象,构建学者合作网络与引用网络,在原有技术守门人识别方法的基础上,筛选对知识流动有促进作用的守门人。[结果/结论]实验结果显示,运用该方法筛选出的守门人在知识流动过程中具有控制和促进作用,与传统守门人相比,该方法识别出的守门人对领域发展的贡献与促进作用更为突出,对专业领域的发展更具影响力。

新时代科教融合对区域科技创新能力的影响机制

教育、科技、人才是互为联系、互为推动的整体,科教融合发展是建设教育强国、科技强国、人才强国的关键途径。新时代下的科教融合在目标上更加重视创新体系整体效能的提升,在结构上更加重视宏观、中观和微观的整体协同,在内容上更加强调以满足科技需要为目的的教育改革和创新范式变革。为了深入探讨科教融合对区域科技创新的影响,建立科教融合评价指标体系,运用耦合协调度模型测量2010—2019年中国31个省份科教融合发展的程度,在科教融合与区域科技创新能力之间构建两阶段最小二乘模型,并对内生性、异质性、稳健性进行检验。结果表明:(1)2010—2019年,中国31个省份整体的科教融合度的平均值从0.35提高到0.479,有一定提升但整体仍处于失调水平,且存在较大的区域差异;(2)科教融合对区域科技创新能力有显著的正向影响,引入“地方财政收入”这一工具变量,发现地方财政收入有效增强了科教融合度对区域科技创新能力提升的促进效应;(3)科教融合对区域科技创新能力影响的强弱有差异,在中国西部地区推进科教融合对提升该地区科技创新能力的作用最显著,说明西部地区的科技创新能力存在着很大的发展潜力。基于此,宏观层面既要加强区域内统筹资源调配,也要支持区域间的帮扶协作,促进教育、科技和人才一体化发展,以提升科技创新体系整体效能。

台湾地区技职本科教育的政策演进、发展特征和借鉴启示

技职教育在我国台湾地区经济社会发展中发挥着重要作用,提供强有力的人力资源支撑,其中本科层次占据主体。20世纪90年代中期以来,技职本科教育经历了快速扩张、稳步发展和优化调整三个重要阶段。相关部门推动系列重要政策和组织实施相应计划,既促进改革发展也努力纠正偏误。中国内地正处于建设完善现代职业教育体系和大力发展职教本科的关键期,可借鉴台湾地区技职本科发展经验,同时深刻分析其教训并做好风险防范。以经济社会需求为导向,合理规划职业本科教育发展路径和规模;坚定职业教育类型,强化职业本科教育内涵发展的政策供给;完善质量保障体系,以督导评估护航职业本科教育健康发展。