Relationship between the development of ethnic tourism and the protection for regional culture:a case study of Tuwa people

The innocent Tuwa people live in Kanas Lake, a world famous national reserve in northern Xinjiang. With therapid development of tourism today, Tuwa people are finally involved in tourism industry. The development of tourismis a two-edged sword. On the one hand, it boosts the revival of Tuwa culture, provides a large number of employmentopportunities and cross-cultural exchanges, and improves material welfare for Tuwa people. On the other hand, somedisadvantages have also resulted from tourism development, such as the unauthentic exhibition of Tuwa culture, limitedtourists, Tuwa group interaction, and limited material improvement for the Tuwa, etc. This paper takes Tuwa people asa case, illustrates the types, characteristics and the conditions for the development of Tuwa culture, explores the advan-tages and disadvantages resulting from the development of folk-custom tourism industry and then puts forwardsrecommendations on the protection for local cultures as follows: (1) attach great importance to Tuwa culture in thetourism development of Kanas Lake Visitor Attraction; (2) construct the aboriginal village with the consciousness ofprotection; (3) remove the Tuwa village; (4) consummate the management mode and let Tuwa people really benefit fromtourism; (5) restrict the grazing in the scenic spots and protect natural grassland; (6) promote Tuwa people’s ability ofself-supervision and self-management; (7) exhibit Tuwa culture authentically.

The Moderating Effect of the Ski Resort Environment on the Skier’s Travel Radius under the Restriction of Skill Consumption

Starting from the skill characteristics of ski tourism,this paper discusses the impact of consumer skill on travel decisions,and the moderating effect of the ski resort’s comprehensive leisure environment(including the ski resort sports environment and the regional cultural tourism environment),in order to both understand their impacts on the travel distance characteristics of skiers and attempt to provide necessary research support for the development of China’s ski industry and the construction of destinations.Based on the data from multi-period visitor surveys,this paper constructs the consumption skill-travel radius decision-making influence model under the moderating effect of the ski resort comprehensive leisure environment.The results show three main characteristics.(1)The travel radius obviously differs among skiers with different skill levels.The skill level of skiers has a significant positive effect on the larger travel radius,and a significant negative effect on the smaller travel radius.That is,skiers with a higher skill level are more inclined to undertake long-distance skiing travel,while skiers with a lower skill level are more inclined to undertake short-distance skiing travel.(2)The comprehensive leisure environment has a significant moderating effect on the skiers’travel radius,with a significant positive impact on enlarging the travel radius,while the influences on high-skill and low-skill skiers are significantly higher than on middle-skill skiers.(3)In the comprehensive leisure environment,there are differences in the moderating effect of the ski resort sports environment and the regional cultural tourism environment on the skiers travel radius,and the positive moderating effect of the ski resort sports environment on the high-skill skiers’travel radius is more obvious.While the regional cultural tourism environment has a more obvious positive moderating effect on the travel radius of non-skiers and junior skiers,it is more conducive to promoting domestic travel.In general,the skier skill level in China was generally lower,and the ski resort comprehensive leisure environment optimization is conducive to overcoming the limitation of the travel radius caused by the disadvantageous skill level of consumers.However,to promote the development of China’s ski industry in the long run,it is necessary to focus on improving the consumer’s ski skill level,but prevent the risk of losing high-skill consumers overseas.In the course of improving the level of domestic ski sports facilities,we should also focus on the domestic leisure cultural tourism environment to better enhance the attractiveness of domestic ski destinations.