Dust-Holding Capacity and Bio-Chemical Changes of Plant Species Growing in an Around Opencast Mining Area of Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh, India

The present study has been carried out on a total of 50 available plant species to assess their dust-capturing capacity and biochemical performances in and around open cast granite mine areas of Jhansi district and Bundelkhand University campus treated as control site. Plant species existing under a polluted environment for a long time may be considered as potentially resistant species and recommended for green belt design in mining areas, especially to cope with dust pollution. Results showed the pollution level, especially of mining-originated dust particles holding capacity of leaves and effects of different biochemical parameters (Total Chlorophyll, Protein and Carotenoid) of existing plant species both from mining areas as well as from Bundelkhand University campus. Based on their performances, Tectona grandis L., Ficus hispida L., Calotropis procera Aiton., Butea monosperma Lam. and Ficus benghalensis L., etc. are highly tolerant species while Ficus infectoria L., Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Ipomoea purpurea L., Allianthus excelsa Roxb. and Bauhinia variegata L. are intermediate tolerant species. T. grandis had shown the highest dust-holding capacity (2.566 ± 0.0004 mg/cm2) whereas Albizia procera (0.018 ± 0.0002 mg/cm2) was found to be the lowest dust-holding capacity. Our findings also showed that the T. grandis and F. hispida have significant dust deposition with minimal effect of dust on their leaf chlorophyll (17.447 ± 0.019 mg/g and 14.703 ± 0.201 mg/g), protein (0.699 ± 0.001 mg/g and 0.604 ± 0.002 mg/g) and carotenoid (0.372 ± 0.003 mg/g and 0.354 ± 0.003 mg/g) content respectively among all selected plant species. Therefore, in the present investigation, plant species with high tolerance to high dust-holding capacity on their leaf surfaces are preferable for green corridors as open cast granite mines and their adjacent areas.

ON REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF RIVER WATER ENVIRONMENT CAPACITY AND STRATEGIES TO CONTROL WATER ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION IN CHINA

China has large population and wide territory, the natural conditions of different regions are complicated. water resources are distributed unbalanced.economic developing states are unequal. For these reasons the variation of concerned water environment capacity has obvious character of regional differentiation. In this paper, from the economic development point of view, the regular pattern of regional differentiation of China's water environment capacity resources is analyzed. the concept of contradictory degree between water environment capacity and economic development is introduced, based on them, rivers in China are divided into three regions, and corresponding strategies to control water pollution are advanced. The aims are to use river water environment capacity resources effectively. to control pollution and to improve environmental quality.

Regional carrying capacity: case studies of Bohai Rim area

Carrying capacity research has been carried out for a long time. However, synthesized carrying capacity researches based on systematic views began only in the 1970s. There is even less work done in China. This paper tries to address both synthesized carrying capacity research and its utilization in China. State spaces method from the systematic science was borrowed to construct the conceptual model of regional carrying capacity. Based on the conceptual model and the surveys in the Bohai Rim area, we construct a representative indicators system for quantifying regional carrying capacity in the Bohai Rim. While employing system dynamic models we simulated the evolving trend of both the regional carrying states and regional carrying capacity from 1999 to 2015. The results proved the statement that Bohai Rim is overall over-capacity for a long time and will be over-capacity in the foreseeable future. Among all the restriction factors, water shortage and environmental pollution stand out to be the two primary obstacles for Bohai Rims sustainable development. Regional differentiation analysis further indicates that coastal areas of the Bohai Rim burden more than its overall level. However, Shandong province shows some good signs in addressing the regional carrying capacity issues. The research is successful in addressing the quantification of regional carrying capacity issues, but nonetheless it needs further refinery and more information.

Evaluation model for safety capacity of chemical industrial park based on acceptable regional risk

The paper defines the Safety Capacity of Chemical Industrial Park(SCCIP) from the perspective of acceptable regional risk. For the purpose of exploring the evaluation model for the SCCIP, a method based on quantitative risk assessment was adopted for evaluating transport risk and to confirm reasonable safety transport capacity of chemical industrial park, and then by combining with the safety storage capacity, a SCCIP evaluation model was put forward. The SCCIP was decided by the smaller one between the largest safety storage capacity and the maximum safety transport capacity, or else, the regional risk of the park will exceed the acceptable level.The developed method was applied to a chemical industrial park in Guangdong province to obtain the maximum safety transport capacity and the SCCIP. The results can be realized in the regional risk control of the park effectively.

Effect of regional ecological carrying capacity on economic transformation

Combined with the actual situation of the western region city of Zunyi, the three subsystems including social, economic and natural environment evaluation index systems of ECC have been built based on the theory of ecological carrying capacity(ECC). In addition, the factor analysis method has been used and the influence factors on the ECC in the economic transition have been gained. The results show that factors of ECC in the three subsystems have different influence: 1) the natural subsystem, which contains factors on the ECC, has obvious limitation, and it has the greatest influence on industrial waste discharge per capita; 2) the social subsystem has a restriction on the ECC, which affects the traffic environment mostly; 3) the economic subsystem has a certain restriction on ECC, which has a large effect on the consumption level per capita.

Spatial and Dynamic Analysis of Regional Sustainable Development Using Geographic Information System and Relative Carrying Capacity of Resources

Relative carrying capacity of resources is an index to measure sustainable development through carrying capacity. Case studies of eleven cities in Zhejiang (Hangzhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Shaoxing, Jinhua, Quzhou, Zhoushan, Taizhou and Lishui) illustrated regional sustainable development approach. In this study, to provide insight into spatial and dynamic analysis of region sustainable development, we calculated the relative carrying capacity of land resources and economical resources and synthetical carrying capacity of resources in different cities in Zhejiang, and geographic information system was carried out. The results showed that all cities but Hangzhou and Ningbo were ecologically sustainable, and relative carrying capacity of land resources in northern and eastern Zhejiang was larger than those in southern and western Zhejiang. The sampling years of Wenzhou, Hangzhou and Ningbo contribution rates of land resource to synthetic carrying capacity were grouped into three stages, and there were two milestones trends and changes in 1996 and 2004, respectively. This study demonstrated that geographic information system and relative carrying capacity of resources are effective for assessment of region sustainable development, and provide policy guidelines for decision-making.

Mechanism of realizing industrial structure upgrading through technology-driven regional innovation capacity

Based on the analysis of the formation process of regional innovation capacity, this paper expatiates that the technology is the basis for industrial structure upgrading, while technological innovation is the power of regional innovation capacity. It points out that the essential of regional industrial structure upgrading is the transition of regional technology structure from one balance to another. The mechanism of realizing industrial structure upgrading through technology-driven regional innovation capacity is also discussed briefly.

THE SIMULATED STORAGE CAPACITY OF FLOOD AND WATERLOGGING IN THE TYPICAL AGRICULTURAL REGION IN JIANGHAN PLAIN

The Jianghan plain is one of the important bases of China’s agricultural productivity,located in central and southern Hubei province in the mi ddle reach of Yangtze River.The Jian ghan Plain is the one region of flood a nd waterlog-ging occurring frequently.The area is low-lying and is characterized by deep alluvial deposits,many smalle r rivers and numerous larger and shallow lakes fo rmed by meandering of the Changjiang(Yangtze)River.The alluvial plain is a honey-comb of waterways bordered by natura l levees,and the depressional areas encompassed by these waterways are dish-shaped in cross-section.The s ystems of rivers and lakes are main we tland types in this area.Owing to wetlands in Jianghan plain-lake district fulfill the function related to the flood r egulation,the estimating of the sto rage capacity is use-ful to controlling and reducing the d isasters of flooding and waterlogging.In this paper,by selecting typic al experimental area,based on its DEM,the relation a mong the water level,area and volume of inundation in the typical region i s de-fined by using regression analysis.Based on the agricultural cultivating line in this region and the experim ent result of bear-ing the inundation for crop,we defin e the storage capacity of the typical region in Jianghan Plain -Lake distr ict.

Carrying Capacity of Marine Region in Liaoning Province

Carrying capacity is one of important studies on coordinating development of population,resources,and environment.At present,the researches on it mainly concentrate on the carrying capacity for population and economy,such as the water resources carrying capacity,the land resources carrying capacity,the environment carrying capacity,etc.Based on the related theories and methods,this paper creatively proposed the concept and meaning of carrying capacity of marine region,and formed the appraisal system.According to the developing situation of marine economy of Liaoning Province in recent years,and by employing the method of the state space,this paper also measured the carrying capacity and carrying state of marine region and discussed the sustainable problems of marine economy of Liaoning.The research results show that the carrying state of marine region of Liaoning is in the state of overloading at present,but taking a favorable turn.

A Study on Marine Region Carrying Capacity and Eco-compensation

With the using up of land resources, people are beginning to pay attention to the exploitation of the ocean and the use of marine resources is becoming more and more intense. Whether and how the ocean can be sustainably exploited as it is being exploited is an academic hot topic. This question is addressed in this paper based on the theories of carrying capacity of a marine region and marine eco-compensation, and the amount of the loss is calculated by the method of Time Value of Capital. This thesis covers the study of eco-compensation between two specific subjects with clear compensation objects, and as a defined approach and standard, the proposed method has good operability and positive practical significance in the good use of the ocean.

Evaluation on water resources carrying capacity of Changchun-Jilin Region

Based on such principles as sustainable development and ecological cycle, this paper evaluates the water resources carrying capacity(WCC) of Changchun-Jilin region using a population-economy-water resources correlation evaluation model built on the basis of WCC evaluation method as elaborated in the methodology of Functional Zoning of Population Development. Results show that the annual WCC of Changchun-Jilin region is able to support the population there, as a basic balance is struck between population and water resources. The incorporation of WCC into overall urban planning is one of the building blocks for sustainable city development with an advisable size.

ABSTRACT CAPACITY OF REGIONS AND COMPACT EMBEDDING WITH APPLICATIONS

The weighted Sobolev-Lions type spaces W pl,γ（Ω; E0, E） = W pl,γ（Ω; E） ∩ Lp,γ （Ω; E0） are studied, where E0, E are two Banach spaces and E0 is continuously and densely embedded on E. A new concept of capacity of region Ω ∈ Rn in W pl,γ（; E0, E） is introduced. Several conditions in terms of capacity of region Ω and interpolations of E0 and E are found such that ensure the continuity and compactness of embedding operators. In particular, the most regular class of interpolation spaces Eα between E0 and E, depending of α and l, are found such that mixed differential operators Dα are bounded and compact from W pl,γ（Ω; E0, E） to Eα-valued Lp,γ spaces. In applications, the maximal regularity for differential-operator equations with parameters are studied.

Capacity Region of a Class of Gaussian Cognitive Degraded Broadcast Channel

This paper studies the cognitive broadcast channel in which the primary user communicates to the primary receiver, while the secondary user has noncausal knowledge of the primary radio's codeword and expects to communicate to two secondary receivers. Comparing with the existing cognitive radio channel which considers only one secondary receiver, cognitive broadcast channel studies the case that there are multiple secondary receivers.To this end, we investigate the fundamental limits of the performance of the Gaussian cognitive broadcast channel from the information theoretic perspective. Specifically, we derive the capacity region of the Gaussian cognitive degraded broadcast channel with weak interference.

ON THE CAPACITY REGION OF WIRELESS AD HOC RELAY NETWORKS

Network capacity is a key characteristic to evaluate the performance of wireless networks, The goal of this paper is to study the capacity of wireless ad hoe relay network. In the model, there is at lnost ns source nodes transmitting signal simultaneously in the network and the arbitrarily complex network coding is allowed. The upper capacity bound of the network model are derived From the max-flow rain-cut theorem and the lower capacity bound are obtained by the rate-distortion function For the Gaussian source. Finally, simulation results show that the upper network capacity will decrease as the number of source nodes is increased.

REMOTE SESING INVESTIGATION AND APPRAISAL OF LAND USE AND CAPACITY IN THE REGION OF THE YANGTZE RIVER GORGES’PROJECT

The region around the Three Gorges project on the Yangtze River has an area of 62552 square kilometres and population of 20.14 million. It limits a range hetween the sorth-north watersheds and from Yichang of Hubei Province to Jiangjin of Sichuan, including 24 cities and counties-Chongjing, Yichang and Wanxian etc. In this region, relief are mainly hills and middle-low mountains. Remote censing investigation and appraisal of land use and capacity which are two of the major restrict factors for the Three Gorges project have provided related scientific bases for macro-dicision-making of the project.

New method to compute the throughput capacity of HDR wireless networks

A new non-parameter method is proposed to compute the throughput capacity region of high data rate (HDR) wireless networks. We first transform the task of computing the throughput capacity region into a mathematical optimization problem without introducing any additional parameters. By using a greedy algorithm to solve the optimization problem, the non-parametric characterization of the throughput capacity region of HDR can be obtained. By using the new non-parameter method, the HDR throughput capacity region can be characterized by at most N(M2-M+1)N-1 linear constraints where N is the user number and M is the rate set size. The correctness of the new method is verified by several numerical examples.

Comparison and Evaluation of Two Analytical Methods for Cation Exchange Capacity and Exchangeable Sodium Percentage of Five Soil Types in Central Sudan

Twenty-six soil samples were collected from five soil profiles at different climatological and ecological regions in central Sudan. Soil profile was dug in each studied area and morphological profile description was carried out for different horizons. All samples were analyzed using two different methods to determine Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). Statistical analysis (T-test) was used in order to investigate the differences between soil samples for the studied locations. Significant differences appeared when compared the two methods for CEC determination at Gedaref area, Wad Medani and Nile flood plain and that appeared in evaluation of ESP at Nile flood plain and Shambat area. The results also revealed that, the developed method used in this study was more practical, simple and reliable for determination of CEC and ESP as the currently used in most soil laboratories. In addition, it will be safer than the other methods in some problematic soils. The adoption of this developed method is advisable because it is less time consuming as it omits the washing step. In contrast, the old method cannot be a good substitute in laboratories which have no possibility to determine sodium by using flame photometer. We conclude that when the developed method is used to determine CEC and ESP time will be saved, that fewer amounts of chemicals will be used and that accurate results will be achieved.

Measurement of self-development capacity in the contiguous destitute mountainous areas, China

Affected by the mountainous location and ecological vulnerability, the incidence of poverty in contiguous destitute mountainous areas is higher than that in other regions of China. Regional selfdevelopment capacity is an internal driving force for poverty reduction in contiguous destitute mountainous areas. This study selects 17 indicators from the four dimensions: industrial capacity, market capacity, spatial capacity and soft power to measure the overall self-development capacity of 658 counties in 14 different mountain areas in China. The results show that self-development capacity is at a low level and the development of the different regions is unbalanced. The self-development capacity is low in the southwest and high in the east and "low in the middle, high around" in each study region. It has achieved a certain degree of improvement in 2011, 2013 and 2015. From the perspective of the four dimensions, industrial capacity is the constraint on the promotion of self-development capacity. Based on this, we should develop green industries in line with local realities and achieve industrial poverty eradication, but the expansion of space capacity should take into account the resources and environmental carrying capacity in these areas and should not be blindly expanded. Local leaders should be made to improve the local education level and public service level, improve social infrastructure, develop reserve strength for the future, and enhance future development potential.

Application of spatially varying storage capacity model for runoff parameterization in semi-arid catchment

This paper introduces the method of designation of water storage capacity for each grid cell within a catchment, which considers topography, vegetation and soil synthetically. For the purpose of hydrological process simulation in semi-arid regions, a spatially varying storage capacity （VSC） model was developed based on the spatial distribution of water storage capacity and the vertical hybrid runoff mechanism. To verify the applicability of the VSC model, both the VSC model and a hybrid runoff model were used to simulate daily runoff processes in the catchment upstream of the Dianzi hydrological station from 1973 to 1979. The results showed that the annual average Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient was 0.80 for the VSC model, and only 0.67 for the hybrid runoff model. The higher annual average Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of the VSC model means that this hydrological model can better simulate daily runoff processes in semi-arid regions. Furthermore, as a distributed hydrological model, the VSC model can be applied in regional water resource management.

A model to assess fundamental and realized carrying capacities of island ecosystem:A case study in the southern Miaodao Archipelago of China

Research on carrying capacity, aiming at maintaining the limited ability of the Earth＇s life supporting system to sustain human development, requires a comprehensive and ecosystem-based approach to monitor and assess the localized sustainability of coupled social and ecological systems. A definition termed the ecosystem-based carrying capacity of island（EBCCI） was developed in this paper of which the indices of fundamental and realized carrying capacities of island（FCCI and RCCI） were highlighted to emphasize the inter-dependencies between social systems and ecological systems. In order to avoid the difficulties and uncertainties of direct assessment, the related assessment model was established on the basis of synthetic evaluation of inherent and external factors affecting the EBCCI. The southern Miaodao Archipelago（SMA） located in the intersection of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, China, was taken as a typical example to acquire integrated recognition of the island ecosystem and its carrying capacity so as to discuss its sustainable development. The index scores of FCCI and RCCI in the SMA were 0.818 5 and 0.712 9 out of 1.0, respectively, with acceptable uncertainties. The results showed a relatively well capacity to sustain progress and relatively well realization of the carrying capacity of island ecosystem, owing to a well capacity of ecologically regulating, general performance of both ecologically supporting and resource provisioning, and a relatively high level of social supporting system. The study implied that it was critical to optimize the inter-dependencies and to sustain the relative balance between social systems and ecological systems so as to improve the RCCI and further facilitate the sustainability of SMA. The approach proposed in this paper provides a powerful tool which is well applicative to the regional level of an oceanic island or archipelago to study the sustainable development and can be further popularized to the coastal zone.