Analysis and Online Diagnosis on Plugging Fault of Servo Valve in Electro-hydraulic Regulating System of Steam Turbine

Through the study on the output signals of the electro-hydraulic regulating system in the thermal power plant, a novel method for online diagnosis of the plugging fault in the servo valve is presented. With the use of the AMESIM software, the changes of the piston displacement, the oil pressure, the magnitude attenuation and the phase lag of the system under different plugging states are studied after simulation. Besides, the influences of the symmetrical and unsymmetrical plugging on the system are also compared and the characteristic table is given. The duo-neural network is put forward to achieve an online diagnosis on the plugging fault of the servo valve. The first level of network helps to make the qualitative diagnosis of the plugging position while the second level is for the quantitative diagnosis of the degree of the plugged position. The research results show that plugging at different positions exerts different influences on the performance of the system. The unsymmetrical plugging mainly affects the regulation time while the symmetrical plugging leads to great changes in the magnitude attenuation and the phase lag.

Research on new type of fast-opening mechanism in steam turbine regulating system and optimization of operation tactic

With the analysis on regulating system in 200 MW steam turbine, the necessity of appending the fast-opening function to the original system is set forth and a new type of fast-opening mechanism is devised. The mathematical model of system is built up. With the use of AMESIM software, the displacement curve of the piston, the force curve of the cartridge valve spool, the pressure curve and the flux curve in the regulation process are obtained based on simulation. The performances of three fast-opening systems composed of cartridge valves with different diameters are compared. Based on the analysis on factors that affect the execution time of fast-opening, the dead zone of the fast-opening system is put forward. To overcome the defect, dif- ferent operation modes are adopted for different zones. The result shows that with the increase of the valve diameter, the regulating time in the dead zone significantly exceeds the fast-opening time in the whole journey. Accordingly, the optimization operation tactic in the dead zone and the qualification conditions are brought forward. The fast-opening system composed of 32 mm cartridge valves is taken as an example with use of the tactic. The simulation result shows that the maximum regulating time is shortened by 509 ms.

Functions of nuclear factor Y in nervous system development,function and health

Nuclear factor Y is a ubiquitous heterotrimeric transcription factor complex conserved across eukaryotes that binds to CCAAT boxes,one of the most common motifs found in gene promoters and enhancers.Over the last 30 years,research has revealed that the nuclear factor Y complex controls many aspects of brain development,including differentiation,axon guidance,homeostasis,disease,and most recently regeneration.However,a complete understanding of transcriptional regulatory networks,including how the nuclear factor Y complex binds to specific CCAAT boxes to perform its function remains elusive.In this review,we explore the nuclear factor Y complex’s role and mode of action during brain development,as well as how genomic technologies may expand understanding of this key regulator of gene expression.

Effects of regulating intestinal microbiota on anxiety symptoms: A systematic review

Background Anxiety symptoms are common in mental diseases and a variety of physical disorders, especially in disorders related to stress. More and more basic studies have indicated that gut microbiota can regulate brain function through the gut-brain axis, and dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota was related to anxiety. However, there is no specific evidence to support treatment of anxiety by regulating intestinal microbiota. Aims To find evidence sup porting improvement of anxiety symptoms by regulation of intestinal microbiota. Methods This systematic review of randomised controlled trials was searched based on the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, OVID, Web of Knowledge, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, VIP databases and SinoMed. The retrieval time dated back to 25 July 2018. Then we screened research literatures based on established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality evaluation for each included study was done using the Cochrane risk of bias and the Jadad scale. Results A total of 3334 articles were retrieved and 21 studies were included which contained 1503 subjects. In the 21 studies, 15 chose probiotics as interventions to regulate intestinal microbiota and six chose non-probiotic ways such as adjusting daily diets. Probiotic supplements in seven studies contained only one kind of probiotic, two studies used a product that contained two kinds of probiotics and the supplements used in the other five studies included at least three kinds of probiotics. In the studies that used treatment as usual plus interventions regulating intestinal flora (IRIF) as interventions (five studies), only non-probiotic ways were effective (two studies), which means 40% of studies were effective;in the studies that used IRIF alone (16 studies, 11 studies used probiotic ways and 5 studies used non-probiotic ways), 56% of studies could improve anxiety symptoms, and 80% of studies that conducted the non-probiotic interventions were effective, while 45% of studies that used probiotic supplementations had positive effects on anxiety symptoms. Overall, 11 studies showed a positive effect on anxiety symptoms by regulating intestinal microbiota, which indicated 52% of the 21 studies were effective, and there were five studies that used probiotic supplements as interventions and six used non-probiotic interventions. In addition, it should be noted that six of seven studies showed that regulation of intestinal microbiota could treat anxiety symptoms, the rate of efficacy was 86%.Conclusions We find that more than half of the studies included showed it was positive to treat anxiety symptoms by regulation of intestinal microbiota. There are two kinds of interventions (probiotic and non-probiotic interventions) to regulate intestinal microbiota, and it should be highlighted that the non-probiotic interventions were more effective than the probiotic interventions. More studies are needed to clarify this conclusion since we still cannot run meta-analysis so far.

Role of mitochondria in regulating micro RNA activity and its relevance to the central nervous system

Mitochondria serve as the powerhouse of cells,respond to cellular demands and stressors,and play an essential role in cell signaling,differentiation,and survival.Aberrant mitochondria function has been linked to diverse and complex human diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases,cancers,myopathies,premature aging,and metabolic syndromes（Nunnari and Suomalainen,2012）.

New Type Regulating Valve Applied in Cooling System of Blast Furnace

A new type regulating valve with the cooling mode of constant temperature difference water supply, temperature difference self operated regulating valve, was introduced into blast furnace cooling system to overcome shortcomings of the cooling mode of constant flow rate water supply. The results show that the temperature difference between inlet and outlet water of cooling wall can be decreased greatly and steadily, and the water supply for blast furnace cooling can be reduced considerably.

Regulating and tonifying spleen and kidney traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of chronic uric acid nephropathy: A systematic review

Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine for regulating spleen and kidney.Methods:We developed a search strategy and then retrieved the database including CNKI,Wanfang data knowledge service platform,VIP journals resource integration service platform,PubMed,Embasefor randomized controlled trial of regulating spleen and kidney traditional Chinese medicine compared with conventional western medicine in the treatment of chronic uric acid nephropathy.The search deadline was set to June 30,2020.For the included literature,we applied the cochrane collaboration network risk bias assessment tool to evaluate the methodological quality,and evaluated the level of evidence according to GRADE standards.Quantitative data was analyzed by RevMan5.3 software,and trial sequential analysis method was used to analyze its efficiency.Results:A total of 709 cases in 10 articles were included.Compared with the control group,the related traditional Chinese medicine group improved the effective rate[RR=1.45,95%CI(1.32,1.58)],reduced the level of UA[MD=-36.24,95%CI(-41.03,-31.45)],BUN[SMD=-1.27,95%CI(-1.47,-1.07)]and SCR[MD=-36.33,95%CI(-55.79,-16.87),P=0.0003],the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no evidence that a significant adverse reaction occurred.The results of TSA analysis showed that the Chinese medicine group had definite evidence for improving the efficiency.According to the GRADE evaluation criteria,the efficiency,UA,BUN and SCR outcome indicators were extremely low-quality evidence.Conclusions:Traditional Chinese medicine for regulating spleen and kidney in the treatment of chronic uric acid nephropathy improved efficiency,reduced the level of UA,BUN,SCR.Meanwhile,the therapy was proved to be safe.Nevertheless,the conclusions need further high-quality evidence to support.

The QseB/QseC two-component system contributes to virulence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by downregulating apf gene cluster transcription

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae(APP)is the major pathogen of porcine contagious pleuropneumoniae(PCP).The QseB/QseC two-component system(TCS)consists of the regulator QseB and the kinase QseC,which relates to quorum sensing(QS)and virulence in some bacteria.Here,we investigated the role of QseB/QseC in apf gene cluster(apfABCD)expression of APP.Our results have showed that QseB/QseC TCS can potentially regulate the expression of apf gene cluster.The△qseBC,△apfA,△apfB,△apfC and△apfD strains are more sensitive to acidic and osmotic stressful conditions,and exhibite lower biofilm formation ability than wild-type(WT)strain,whereas the complemented strains show similar phenotype to the wr strain.In additon,the mutants have defective antiphagocytosis,adhesion and invasion when they come into contact with the host cells.In experimental animal models of infection,mice infected with△qseBC,△apfA,△apfB,△apfC and △apfD strains showed lower mortality and bacterial loads in the lung and the blood than those infected with wr strain.In conclusion,our results suggest that QseB/QseC TCS contributes to stress resistance,biofilm formation,phagocytosis,adhesion,invasion and virulence by downregulating expression of apf gene cluster in A.pleuropneumoniae.

Regulating services in poverty ecosystems dynamics: evidences from South Asia

Valuation of ecosystem services has been sought as effective tools that enable the decision makers in designing the cost effective response policies for management of ecosystems towards alleviating the poverty especially in economically poor regions like South Asia. Various directions and linkages between poverty and degradation of ecosystem and reduced flow of ecosystem services can better be understood if the regulating services like hydrological flow and carbon sequestration by forest, and nutrient cycling and bioremediation： by wetlandv can be captured in monetary unit. South Asian Countries including India. Nepal, Pakistan and Bangladesh are the hotspots of poverty where poor depend upon various ecosystem services for their livelihoods and allocation of resource for conservation of ecosystems would have additional merit if regulating services are captured and internalized into the pubtic policy.The paperfirst raises problematic issues in valuation of regulatig ecosystem services, and attempts to link it withthe dependence of poor. Second, complexities of poverty-ecosystem dynamics are discussed. Thirdly, the possible in-tervention to achieve poverty alleviation goal is analyzed with the help of some examples from accounting and valua-tion of regulating services of lndian forest. Finally, the paper suggests that greater attention is needed to do credibleand better valuation of regulating Services so that insight from these ean be used in understanding the impact of degradation of ecosysterns On poor people.

Design and Test of Motor Double Fed Speed Regulating System for Conveyer Belt

This paper introduces the design of doubly fed system for conveyor belt motor, the system adopts stator flux orientation vector control technology and AC-AC inverter motor speed and power factor control, and carried on the test in transmission field. This paper introduces in detail the structure and characteristic of DSP system, and gives a design scheme of Doubly Fed Speed Control System of motor based on this chip.

Controllable large-scale processing of temperature regulating sheath-core fibers with high-enthalpy for thermal management

Temperature regulating fibers(TRF_(s)) with high enthalpy and high form stability are the key factors for thermal management. However, the enthalpies of most TRFsare not high, and the preparation methods are still at the laboratory scale. It remains a great challenge to use industrial spinning equipment to achieve continuous processing of TRF_(s) with excellent thermal and mechanical properties. Here, polyamide 6(PA6) based TRF_(s) with a sheath-core structure were prepared by bicomponent melt-spinning. The sheath-core TRF(TRF_(sc)) are composed of PA6 as sheath and functional PA6 as core, which are filled with the shape stable phase change materials(ssPCM),dendritic silica@polyethylene glycol(SiO_(2)@PEG). With the aid of the sheath structure, the filling content of SiO_(2)@PEG can reach 30 %, so that the enthalpy of the TRF_(s) can be as high as 21.3 J/g. The ultra-high enthalpy guarantees the temperature regulation ability during the alternating process of cooling and heating. In hot environment, the temperature regulation time is 6.59 min, and the temperature difference is 12.93℃. In addition, the mechanical strength of the prepared TRF_(sc) reaches 2.26 cN/dtex, which can fully meet its application in the field of thermal management textiles and devices to manage the temperature regulation of the human body or precision equipment, etc.

Dynamic plugging regulating strategy of pipeline robot based on reinforcement learning

Pipeline isolation plugging robot (PIPR) is an important tool in pipeline maintenance operation. During the plugging process, the violent vibration will occur by the flow field, which can cause serious damage to the pipeline and PIPR. In this paper, we propose a dynamic regulating strategy to reduce the plugging-induced vibration by regulating the spoiler angle and plugging velocity. Firstly, the dynamic plugging simulation and experiment are performed to study the flow field changes during dynamic plugging. And the pressure difference is proposed to evaluate the degree of flow field vibration. Secondly, the mathematical models of pressure difference with plugging states and spoiler angles are established based on the extreme learning machine (ELM) optimized by improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA). Finally, a modified Q-learning algorithm based on simulated annealing is applied to determine the optimal strategy for the spoiler angle and plugging velocity in real time. The results show that the proposed method can reduce the plugging-induced vibration by 19.9% and 32.7% on average, compared with single-regulating methods. This study can effectively ensure the stability of the plugging process.

New advances of adiponectin in regulating obesity and related metabolic syndromes

Obesity and related metabolic syndromes have been recognized as important disease risks,in which the role of adipokines cannot be ignored.Adiponectin(ADP)is one of the key adipokines with various beneficial effects,including improving glucose and lipid metabolism,enhancing insulin sensitivity,reducing oxidative stress and inflammation,promoting ceramides degradation,and stimulating adipose tissue vascularity.Based on those,it can serve as a positive regulator in many metabolic syndromes,such as type 2 diabetes(T2D),cardiovascular diseases,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),sarcopenia,neurodegenerative diseases,and certain cancers.Therefore,a promising therapeutic approach for treating various metabolic diseases may involve elevating ADP levels or activating ADP receptors.The modulation of ADP genes,multimerization,and secretion covers the main processes of ADP generation,providing a comprehensive orientation for the development of more appropriate therapeutic strategies.In order to have a deeper understanding of ADP,this paper will provide an all-encompassing review of ADP.

Environmental factors influencing organic carbon stocks across different pools in alpine ecosystems

Quantitative assessment of organic carbon(OC)stocks in different habitats is crucial in ecology.Understanding the drivers affecting OC stocks across distinct carbon pools is essential for comprehending current patterns and predicting future changes.Alpine ecosystems,important for atmospheric CO_(2)regulation and highly vulnerable to climate change,are priority study areas.This research aims to estimate OC stocks in different pools(soil,organic horizons,and aboveground vegetation)and identify factors influencing these stocks in an alpine environment.We sampled 146 sites representing six forest types and two grassland types in the Gran Paradiso National Park(northern Italian Alps).Field samples of soils,organic horizons,and data on aboveground trees were collected to assess OC stocks,along with environmental variables.Our findings reveal nuanced variations in OC stocks across different ecosystem components.In grasslands,average soil OC was 5.57 kg m^(-2),while in forests it was 4.11 kg m^(-2).Organic horizons contained an average of 0.70 kg m^(-2),and aboveground vegetation in forests stored 6.61 kg m^(-2).Linear Mixed Models indicate that soil OC is influenced by habitat type,soil type,and elevation.OC in organic horizons is affected by aspect and forest habitat type,with composting further influenced by elevation.These results contribute to OC stock inventories for alpine ecosystems and enhance our understanding of how environmental factors influence carbon storage.Importantly,they underscore the need to consider soil type and other factors beyond land use when modeling OC stocks.This insight has implications for designing effective territorial strategies to address climate change,emphasizing the importance of a multifaceted approach to carbon stock assessment and management in alpine regions.

Optimizing nitrogen management can improve stem lodging resistance and stabilize the grain yield of japonica rice in rice-crayfish coculture systems

Nitrogen(N)significantly affects rice yield and lodging resistance.Previous studies have primarily investigated the impact of N management on rice lodging in conventional rice monoculture(RM);however,few studies have performed such investigations in rice-crayfish coculture(RC).We hypothesized that RC would increase rice lodging risk and that optimizing N application practices would improve rice lodging resistance without affecting food security.We conducted a two-factor(rice farming mode and N management practice)field experiment from2021 to 2022 to test our hypothesis.The rice farming modes included RM and RC,and the N management practices included no nitrogen fertilizer,conventional N application,and optimized N treatment.The rice yield and lodging resistance characteristics,such as morphology,mechanical and chemical characteristics,anatomic structure,and gene expression levels,were analyzed and compared among the treatments.Under the same N application practice,RC decreased the rice yield by 11.1-24.4% and increased the lodging index by 19.6-45.6% compared with the values yielded in RM.In RC,optimized N application decreased the plant height,panicle neck node height,center of gravity height,bending stress,and lodging index by 4.0-4.8%,5.2-7.8%,0.5-4.5%,5.5-10.5%,and 1.8-19.5%,respectively,compared with those in the conventional N application practice.Furthermore,it increased the culm diameter,culm wall thickness,breaking strength,and non-structural and structural carbohydrate content by 0.8-4.9%,2.2-53.1%,13.5-19.2%,2.2-24.7%,and 31.3-87.2%,respectively.Optimized N application increased sclerenchymal and parenchymal tissue areas of the vascular bundle at the culm wall of the base second internode.Furthermore,optimized N application upregulated genes involved in lignin and cellulose synthesis,thereby promoting lower internodes on the rice stem and enhancing lodging resistance.Optimized N application in RC significantly reduced the lodging index by 1.8-19.5%and stabilized the rice yield(>8,570 kg ha~(-1)on average).This study systematically analyzed and compared the differences in lodging characteristics between RM and RC.The findings will aid in the development of more efficient practices for RC that will reduce N fertilizer application.

Revisiting the LQR Problem of Singular Systems

In the development of linear quadratic regulator(LQR) algorithms, the Riccati equation approach offers two important characteristics——it is recursive and readily meets the existence condition. However, these attributes are applicable only to transformed singular systems, and the efficiency of the regulator may be undermined if constraints are violated in nonsingular versions. To address this gap, we introduce a direct approach to the LQR problem for linear singular systems, avoiding the need for any transformations and eliminating the need for regularity assumptions. To achieve this goal, we begin by formulating a quadratic cost function to derive the LQR algorithm through a penalized and weighted regression framework and then connect it to a constrained minimization problem using the Bellman's criterion. Then, we employ a dynamic programming strategy in a backward approach within a finite horizon to develop an LQR algorithm for the original system. To accomplish this, we address the stability and convergence analysis under the reachability and observability assumptions of a hypothetical system constructed by the pencil of augmented matrices and connected using the Hamiltonian diagonalization technique.

New food sources and production systems:a comparison of international regulations and China’s advancements in novel foods with synthetic biology

The global shift towards sustainable food systems has sparked innovations in food sources and production systems,including cell-based meat,plant-based food products,precision fermentation,and 3D food printing.These advancements pose regulatory challenges and opportunities,with China emerging as a critical player in adopting and regulating new food technologies.This review explores the international landscape of new food sources and production systems(NFPS),focusing on China’s role and regulatory approaches compared to global practices.Through this comparative analysis,we aim to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on food safety regulation,offering insights and recommendations for policymakers,industry stakeholders,and researchers engaged in the global food system’s evolution.This comprehensive overview underscores the dynamic nature of regulatory frameworks governing NFPS,highlighting the international efforts to ensure food safety,consumer protection,and the sustainable evolution of the food industry.

Sirtuin 1 in regulating the p53/glutathione peroxidase 4/gasdermin D axis in acute liver failure

In this editorial,we comment on the article by Zhou et al.The study reveals the connection between ferroptosis and pyroptosis and the effect of silent information regulator sirtuin 1(SIRT1)activation in acute liver failure(ALF).ALF is characterized by a sudden and severe liver injury resulting in significant hepatocyte damage,often posing a high risk of mortality.The predominant form of hepatic cell death in ALF involves apoptosis,ferroptosis,autophagy,pyroptosis,and necroptosis.Glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)inhibition sensitizes the cell to ferroptosis and triggers cell death,while Gasdermin D(GSDMD)is a mediator of pyroptosis.The study showed that ferroptosis and pyroptosis in ALF are regulated by blocking the p53/GPX4/GSDMD pathway,bridging the gap between the two processes.The inhibition of p53 elevates the levels of GPX4,reducing the levels of inflammatory and liver injury markers,ferroptotic events,and GSDMDN protein levels.Reduced p53 expression and increased GPX4 on deletion of GSDMD indicated ferroptosis and pyroptosis interaction.SIRT1 is a NAD-dependent deacetylase,and its activation attenuates liver injury and inflammation,accompanied by reduced ferroptosis and pyroptosis-related proteins in ALF.SIRT1 activation also inhibits the p53/GPX4/GSDMD axis by inducing p53 acetylation,attenuating LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF.

Regulating^(*)COOH intermediate via amino alkylation engineering for exceptionally effective photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction

Photocatalytic reduction of CO_(2) into fuel represents a promising approach for achieving carbon neutrality,while realizing high selectivity in this process is challenging due to uncontrollable reaction intermediate and retarded desorption of target products.Engineering the interface microenvironment of catalysts has been proposed as a strategy to exert a significant influence on reaction outcomes,yet it remains a significant challenge.In this study,amino alkylation was successfully integrated into the melem unit of polymeric carbon nitrides(PCN),which could efficiently drive the photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction.Experimental characterization and theoretical calculations revealed that the introduction of amino alkylation lowers the energy barrier for CO_(2) reduction into^(*)COOH intermediate,transforming the adsorption of^(*)COOH intermediate from the endothermic to an exothermic process.Notably,the as-prepared materials demonstrated outstanding performance in photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction,yielding CO_(2)at a rate of 152.8μmol h^(-1) with a high selectivity of 95.4%and a quantum efficiency of 6.6%.

Adaptive Optimal Output Regulation of Interconnected Singularly Perturbed Systems With Application to Power Systems

This article studies the adaptive optimal output regulation problem for a class of interconnected singularly perturbed systems(SPSs) with unknown dynamics based on reinforcement learning(RL).Taking into account the slow and fast characteristics among system states,the interconnected SPS is decomposed into the slow time-scale dynamics and the fast timescale dynamics through singular perturbation theory.For the fast time-scale dynamics with interconnections,we devise a decentralized optimal control strategy by selecting appropriate weight matrices in the cost function.For the slow time-scale dynamics with unknown system parameters,an off-policy RL algorithm with convergence guarantee is given to learn the optimal control strategy in terms of measurement data.By combining the slow and fast controllers,we establish the composite decentralized adaptive optimal output regulator,and rigorously analyze the stability and optimality of the closed-loop system.The proposed decomposition design not only bypasses the numerical stiffness but also alleviates the high-dimensionality.The efficacy of the proposed methodology is validated by a load-frequency control application of a two-area power system.