This paper examines how cybersecurity is developing and how it relates to more conventional information security. Although information security and cyber security are sometimes used synonymously, this study contends t...This paper examines how cybersecurity is developing and how it relates to more conventional information security. Although information security and cyber security are sometimes used synonymously, this study contends that they are not the same. The concept of cyber security is explored, which goes beyond protecting information resources to include a wider variety of assets, including people [1]. Protecting information assets is the main goal of traditional information security, with consideration to the human element and how people fit into the security process. On the other hand, cyber security adds a new level of complexity, as people might unintentionally contribute to or become targets of cyberattacks. This aspect presents moral questions since it is becoming more widely accepted that society has a duty to protect weaker members of society, including children [1]. The study emphasizes how important cyber security is on a larger scale, with many countries creating plans and laws to counteract cyberattacks. Nevertheless, a lot of these sources frequently neglect to define the differences or the relationship between information security and cyber security [1]. The paper focus on differentiating between cybersecurity and information security on a larger scale. The study also highlights other areas of cybersecurity which includes defending people, social norms, and vital infrastructure from threats that arise from online in addition to information and technology protection. It contends that ethical issues and the human factor are becoming more and more important in protecting assets in the digital age, and that cyber security is a paradigm shift in this regard [1].展开更多
Persistent and severe drought induced by global climate change causes tree mortality mainly due to the hydraulic imbalance of conduit systems,but the magnitude of injury may be species dependent.A water-exclusion expe...Persistent and severe drought induced by global climate change causes tree mortality mainly due to the hydraulic imbalance of conduit systems,but the magnitude of injury may be species dependent.A water-exclusion experiment was carried out on seedlings of two tree species with distinct characteristics,i.e.,Fraxinus mandshurica and Larix gmelinii to examine hydraulic responses of leaf,stem,and root to drought stress.The two species displayed different hydraulic strategies and related traits in response to drought stress.L.gmelinii reduced its leaf hydraulic conductance by quick stomatal closure and a slow decline in leaf water potential,with a more isohydric stomatal regulation to maintain its water status.In contrast,F.mandshurica was more anisohydric with a negative stomatal safety margin,exhibiting strong resistance to embolism in stem and leafstem segmentation of hydraulic vulnerability to preserve the hydraulic integrity of stem.These differences in hydraulic behaviors and traits between the two species in response to drought stress provide a potential mechanism for their coexistence in temperate forests,including which in the forest modeling would improve our prediction of tree growth and distribution under future climate change.展开更多
目的研究血浆和斑块局部受激活后调节性正常T细胞表达和分泌因子(regulated on activated normal T cellexpressed and secreted factor,RANTES)表达水平与兔动脉粥样硬化斑块内血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth musclecells,VSMCs)凋亡...目的研究血浆和斑块局部受激活后调节性正常T细胞表达和分泌因子(regulated on activated normal T cellexpressed and secreted factor,RANTES)表达水平与兔动脉粥样硬化斑块内血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth musclecells,VSMCs)凋亡程度的相关性。方法 40只雄性家兔随机分为:①空白组(Blank组)和②对照组(Control组):均普通饲料喂养;③稳定斑块组(AS组)和④易损斑块组(VAP组):均高脂饮食。Control和VAP组给予药物触发(蝰蛇毒+组织胺),Blank和AS组给予生理盐水。测定各组血脂和血浆RANTES水平,Real time-PCR和Western blot检测主动脉RANTES转录和表达水平,TUNEL染色后计算各组斑块血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)凋亡率及其与RANTES水平的相关系数。结果高脂喂养组家兔血脂水平较普通喂养组明显升高(P<0.01)。VAP组RANTES表达水平和凋亡率明显高于AS组(P<0.01)、Control组(P<0.01)和Blank组(P<0.01);AS组明显高于Control组(P<0.01)和Blank组(P<0.01);但Blank组和Control组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组VSMCs凋亡率与RANTES表达水平均呈正相关(均P<0.05)。结论 RANTES过表达可能通过加重斑块局部的炎症反应而诱导斑块内VSMCs凋亡。展开更多
文摘This paper examines how cybersecurity is developing and how it relates to more conventional information security. Although information security and cyber security are sometimes used synonymously, this study contends that they are not the same. The concept of cyber security is explored, which goes beyond protecting information resources to include a wider variety of assets, including people [1]. Protecting information assets is the main goal of traditional information security, with consideration to the human element and how people fit into the security process. On the other hand, cyber security adds a new level of complexity, as people might unintentionally contribute to or become targets of cyberattacks. This aspect presents moral questions since it is becoming more widely accepted that society has a duty to protect weaker members of society, including children [1]. The study emphasizes how important cyber security is on a larger scale, with many countries creating plans and laws to counteract cyberattacks. Nevertheless, a lot of these sources frequently neglect to define the differences or the relationship between information security and cyber security [1]. The paper focus on differentiating between cybersecurity and information security on a larger scale. The study also highlights other areas of cybersecurity which includes defending people, social norms, and vital infrastructure from threats that arise from online in addition to information and technology protection. It contends that ethical issues and the human factor are becoming more and more important in protecting assets in the digital age, and that cyber security is a paradigm shift in this regard [1].
基金the National Science and Technology Support Program of China(2011BAD37B01)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT_15R09)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0600201)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2572018AA07)。
文摘Persistent and severe drought induced by global climate change causes tree mortality mainly due to the hydraulic imbalance of conduit systems,but the magnitude of injury may be species dependent.A water-exclusion experiment was carried out on seedlings of two tree species with distinct characteristics,i.e.,Fraxinus mandshurica and Larix gmelinii to examine hydraulic responses of leaf,stem,and root to drought stress.The two species displayed different hydraulic strategies and related traits in response to drought stress.L.gmelinii reduced its leaf hydraulic conductance by quick stomatal closure and a slow decline in leaf water potential,with a more isohydric stomatal regulation to maintain its water status.In contrast,F.mandshurica was more anisohydric with a negative stomatal safety margin,exhibiting strong resistance to embolism in stem and leafstem segmentation of hydraulic vulnerability to preserve the hydraulic integrity of stem.These differences in hydraulic behaviors and traits between the two species in response to drought stress provide a potential mechanism for their coexistence in temperate forests,including which in the forest modeling would improve our prediction of tree growth and distribution under future climate change.
文摘目的研究血浆和斑块局部受激活后调节性正常T细胞表达和分泌因子(regulated on activated normal T cellexpressed and secreted factor,RANTES)表达水平与兔动脉粥样硬化斑块内血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth musclecells,VSMCs)凋亡程度的相关性。方法 40只雄性家兔随机分为:①空白组(Blank组)和②对照组(Control组):均普通饲料喂养;③稳定斑块组(AS组)和④易损斑块组(VAP组):均高脂饮食。Control和VAP组给予药物触发(蝰蛇毒+组织胺),Blank和AS组给予生理盐水。测定各组血脂和血浆RANTES水平,Real time-PCR和Western blot检测主动脉RANTES转录和表达水平,TUNEL染色后计算各组斑块血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)凋亡率及其与RANTES水平的相关系数。结果高脂喂养组家兔血脂水平较普通喂养组明显升高(P<0.01)。VAP组RANTES表达水平和凋亡率明显高于AS组(P<0.01)、Control组(P<0.01)和Blank组(P<0.01);AS组明显高于Control组(P<0.01)和Blank组(P<0.01);但Blank组和Control组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组VSMCs凋亡率与RANTES表达水平均呈正相关(均P<0.05)。结论 RANTES过表达可能通过加重斑块局部的炎症反应而诱导斑块内VSMCs凋亡。
