Numerical simulation of dynamic characteristics of a cable-stayed aqueduct bridge

In this paper, a full-scale 3-D finite element model of the Jundushan cable-stayed aqueduct bridge is established with ANSYS Code. The shell, fluid, tension-only spar and beam elements are used for modeling the aqueduct deck, filled water, cables and support towers, respectively. A multi-element cable formulation is introduced to simulate the cable vibration. The dry （without water） and wet （with water） modes of the aqueduct bridge are both extracted and investigated in detail. The dry modes of the aqueduct bridge are basically similar to those of highway cable-stayed bridges. A dry mode may correspond to two types of wet modes, which are called the in-phase （with lower frequency） and out-of-phase （with higher frequency） modes. When the water-structure system vibrates in the in-phase/out-of-phase modes, the aqueduct deck moves and water sloshes in the same/opposite phase-angle, and the sloshing water may take different surface-wave modes. The wet modes of the system reflect the properties of interaction among the deck, towers, cables and water. The in-phase wet frequency generally decreases as the water depth increases, and the out-of-phase wet frequency may increase or decrease as the water depth increases.

Study on transient aerodynamic characteristics of parachute opening process

In the research of parachute, canopy inflation process modeling is one of the most complicated tasks. As canopy often experiences the largest deformations and loa-dings during a very short time, it is of great difficulty for theoretical analysis and experimental measurements. In this paper, aerodynamic equations and structural dynamics equations were developed for describing parachute opening process, and an iterative coupling solving strategy incorpo- rating the above equations was proposed for a small-scale, flexible and flat-circular parachute. Then, analyses were carried out for canopy geometry, time-dependent pressure difference between the inside and outside of the canopy, transient vortex around the canopy and the flow field in the radial plane as a sequence in opening process. The mechanism of the canopy shape development was explained from perspective of transient flow fields during the inflation process. Experiments of the parachute opening process were conducted in a wind tunnel, in which instantaneous shape of the canopy was measured by high velocity camera and the opening loading was measured by dynamometer balance. The theoretical predictions were found in good agreement with the experimental results, validating the proposed approach. This numerical method can improve the situation of strong dependence of parachute research on wind tunnel tests, and is of significance to the understanding of the mechanics of parachute inflation process.

Effect of Concrete Cracks on Dynamic Characteristics of Powerhouse for Giant-Scale Hydrostation

With the increase of capacity and size of the hydro-generator unit, the spiral case becomes a more super-giant hydraulic structure with very high HD value, where H and D denote water head and maximum intake diameter of spiral case, respectively. Due to the induced lower stiffness by the more giant size and adverse operation conditions, dynamic performances of the powerhouse and the supporting structure for the giant units have become more important and attracted much attention. If the manner of steel spiral case embedded directly in concrete is adopted, on some locations of the concrete surrounding the spiral case, distributed and concentrated cracks will emerge due to high tensile stress. Although the concrete is reinforced well to control the maximum crack width, definitely these cracks will reduce the local and entire stiffness of the powerhouse. Under dynamic loads such as hydraulic forces including water pressure pulsation in flow passage acting on the structure, effect of the cracks on the dynamic characteristics of the local members and entire structure needs to be evaluated. However, research on this subject is few in hydroelectric engineering. In this paper, Three-Gorge Project was taken as an example to evaluate effect of such cracks on natural frequencies and the vibration responses of the powerhouse under hydraulic and earthquake forces in detail. Results show that cracks only reduce the local structural stiffness greatly but have little effect on the entire powerhouse especially the superstructure; vibrations of powerhouse with cracks in concrete surrounding the spiral case are still under the design limits. Results in this paper have been verified by practice of Three-Gorge Project.

Observational characteristics and dynamic mechanism of low-salinity water lens for the offshore detachment of the Changjiang River diluted water in August 2006

The Changjiang River diluted water(CDW)spreads into the East China Sea(ECS)primarily in a plume pattern,although in some years,low-salinity water lenses(LSWLs)detach from the main body of the CDW.In-situ observations indicate that in August 2006,a LSWL detached from the main body of the CDW near the river mouth.In this paper,the effects of winds,tides,baroclinity and upwelling on LSWLs are explored with a threedimensional model.The results show that:(1)winds play a crucial role in these detachment events because windinduced northerly Eulerian residual currents impose an uneven force on the CDW and cut it off,thus forming a LSWL;(2)upwelling carries high-salinity water from the lower layer to the upper layer,truncating the low-salinity water tongue vertically,which is conducive to the detachment and maintenance of LSWLs;and(3)upwelling during the evolution of a LSWL is caused by the combined effects of winds and tides.The influences of windinduced upwelling are mainly near the shore,whereas the upwelling along the 30 m isobath is predominantly affected by tides,with the effect increasing from neap tide to spring tide.

Computational fluid dynamics simulations of respiratory airflow in human nasal cavity and its characteristic dimension study

To study the airflow distribution in human nasal cavity during respiration and the characteristic parameters of nasal structure, three-dimensional, anatomically accurate representations of 30 adult nasal cavity models were recons- tructed based on processed tomography images collected from normal people. The airflow fields in nasal cavities were simulated by fluid dynamics with finite element software ANSYS. The results showed that the difference of human nasal cavity structure led to different airflow distribution in the nasal cavities and variation of the main airstream passing through the common nasal meatus. The nasal resistance in the regions of nasal valve and nasal vestibule accounted for more than half of the overall resistance. The characteristic model of nasal cavity was extracted on the basis of characteristic points and dimensions deduced from the original models. It showed that either the geometric structure or the airflow field of the two kinds of models was similar. The characteristic dimensions were the characteristic parameters of nasal cavity that could properly represent the original model in model studies on nasal cavity.

Analysis of runoff characteristics in midstream of Yinma River

To use the water resources reasonably in the midstream of Yinma River is of great significance to Changchun City which is short of water. With the runoff data of physical measuring, the paper analyses the characteristics surface rmoff of the area, by means of the groundwater flow numerical simulation, and represents the characteristics of the groundwater runoff in the area. Based on combination analyses of the two runoffs, the authors point out the problem of the water resources use in this area and bring forward a resolution of conjunctive regulation and storage of the surface water and groundwater.

Aerodynamic Coupling Analysis of Counter⁃rotating Propfan and Inlet Flow Field

Taking a propfan engine as the research object,the CFD method was used for 3D modeling and unsteady slip flow for numerical calculation.The propfan rotation domain and the nacelle outside flow domain were meshed by using the partition splicing grid technology.Used the Reynolds⁃averaged of N⁃S equation,the Reynolds stress term uses the RNG turbulence model;and based on the slip grid method,numerical calculation of the flow field with different Mach numbers,front and rear blade angles and engine state were carried out;and the change law of propeller fan characteristics and the influence of slip flow on the inlet flow field were analyzed.The blade angle was the key parameter of the propeller fan characteristic conditions.When the blade angle increases from 41°to 50°,the thrust coefficient increases by 31.2%,and the power coefficient increases by 33.4%;in the climbing state of the propeller fan,the maximum total pressure distortion at the inlet port of 6.8%;the cross section is less affected by the slip flow of the propfan;and the pressure distribution is relatively uniform,but the area of the flow channel is small.The research results can provide a solution for the matching of the counter⁃rotating propeller fan and the engine and the arrangement of the air inlet measuring rake.

灯泡贯流式水轮机增减负荷动态特性分析

水轮机频繁经历变负荷工况转换过程,使得机组在较短时间内工作参数急剧变化,严重影响电站稳定运行。该研究以某贯流式水轮机为研究对象,在考虑自由液面和水体重力的情况下,采用动网格技术对贯流式水轮机相同出力范围下的减、增负荷过渡过程的动态特性进行分析。研究结果表明:由于增负荷和减负荷过渡过程的起始工况导致起始流动状态不同,因此在相同出力时,机组内的流动分布不同,减负荷过程尾水管内的涡流面积及强度明显小于增负荷工况,且尾水管涡带尺度也明显小于增负荷过程;相比于增负荷过程,减负荷过程中转轮叶片大范围的低压区极易引发空化;机组内的水压力脉动主要以尾水管涡带引起的0.1f_n(f_n为转频)低频压力脉动和转轮的旋转引起3f_n的高频压力脉动为主,增负荷过程的压力脉动幅值明显大于减负荷过程,两种压力脉动共同作用,使得贯流式水轮机主要振动区域集中于转轮。研究结果对贯流式水轮机的设计与运行具有一定的指导意义。

动态冲击下龄期较短充填体的力学特性研究

充填体材料发挥支撑作用时往往会受到爆破、钻孔等外界的动态扰动,严重危害采矿安全,同时养护时间长短也会影响矿山开采效率。采用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)系统研究不同龄期尾砂胶结充填体的力学特性,同时使用LS-DYNA有限元软件对试样在动态冲击作用下的应力-应变特性进行数值模拟。研究表明:在动态冲击作用下,龄期28d的试样较龄期3d的试样压密阶段短,线弹性阶段长,且峰后强度下降明显,2种试样动态强度与应变率基本呈正相关关系。模拟结果表明:龄期3d的试样在靠近透射端一侧出现较大的应力集中区,产生应变并均匀的向入射端扩展;龄期28d的试样应力集中区与应变主要出现在侧面轴向,逐渐贯穿整个试样。模拟结果与高速摄影捕捉的裂纹扩展情况相符。研究结果能够为地下矿山确定合理的回采时间提供一定的理论参考。

基于辐射型反射涂层的热控制墙体性能分析

为评估基于辐射型反射涂层的热控制墙体节能效果,解决相关评测体系缺失问题,建立墙体瞬态传热模型,探究复杂气候交变环境下墙体温度和热流的动态特性,以及辐射换热在被动式制冷过程中的热调控作用,基于热流和墙体传热系数提出一种新的评估模型进行性能评价.结果表明:在室内空调开启情况下,热控制墙体相比于普通墙体,其外表面温度平均下降10.74%,热流提升了281.54%;在夏热冬暖地区,建筑南侧涂覆辐射型反射涂层效果最佳,涂层可以降低建筑全年冷负荷87.8 MJ/m2;在夏热冬冷地区,建筑西面涂覆辐射型反射涂层可以降低建筑全年总负荷26.3 MJ/m2.所提出的性能评价指标能够刻画热控制墙体一天内的传热过程和传热特性,进而得到墙体的折合传热系数,对指导实际建筑施工、降低建筑全生命周期总能耗有重要意义.

地震作用下微型桩群桩支护黄土滑坡的土-桩动力响应分析

微型桩具有施工快速便捷和扰动小等优点,已在黄土滑坡快速治理中得到了应用。为揭示微型桩群桩支护黄土滑坡动力响应规律,该文基于动态黏弹塑性本构模型(VEP模型),研究微型桩与滑坡地震动力相互作用机制,探讨合理桩间距。结果表明:激振后VEP模型计算结果对地震量级较敏感,模型考虑了土的黏弹塑性,能够合理的反映地震作用下坡体位移规律;地震作用下微型群桩的桩身产生弯剪组合破坏,主要破坏位置位于滑面上下2~4倍桩径处;建议微型群桩的列间距采用5~7倍桩径,排间距采用3~4倍桩径进行布设。研究结果可为地震作用下黄土滑坡防治的数值分析与抗震设计提供依据。

核主泵口环密封动力学特性数值研究

为了研究口环密封对核主泵转子动力学特性的影响,本文以“华龙一号”核主泵密封口环为研究对象,应用转子动力学理论,建立小扰动模型下的涡动转子动力学方程,基于CFD准稳态方法,对密封间隙域内部流场进行数值模拟,探究转速、压差及口环结构对转子动力学特性以其稳定性的影响。结果表明:转速和压差越大,涡动比对密封力的影响效果越显著,刚度系数、阻尼系数的绝对值呈增大趋势,转速对交叉刚度系数和交叉阻尼系数影响显著,平面密封和迷宫密封交叉刚度系数分别增加了6.92倍和4.13倍,交叉阻尼系数分别增加了15.4倍和6.25倍;压差对直接刚度系数影响明显,平面密封与迷宫密封直接刚度系数分别增加了6.2倍和9.1倍。同时迷宫密封对应的涡动系数Ω_(f)小于平面密封,稳定性优于平面密封结构。

尾缘定常吹气对倾转旋翼机翼型气动性能影响

为改善倾转旋翼机气动性能,基于雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程,采用数值仿真技术研究了尾缘定常吹气控制对倾转旋翼机翼型气动性能的影响。以A821201翼型为基础,系统地讨论了吹气角度、吹气速度和吹气孔宽度等参数对气动力的影响规律。计算结果表明:正角度吹气时,翼型的升力系数和升阻比要小于基础翼型;负角度吹气时,翼型的升力系数和升阻比要大于基础翼型。当吹气角为-45°时,相对于基础翼型,施加尾缘吹气控制后翼型的最大升力系数增加了6.48%,升阻比峰值增加了9.57%。在此基础上,随着吹气速度和吹气孔宽度的增大,翼型的升力系数和升阻比会进一步提升。当吹气速度为60m/s,吹气口宽度0.003C时,8°迎角状态下原来存在于A821201翼型上表面的分离涡完全消失。

极限轨面折角条件下高速铁路路桥过渡段动力特性

为了探究路桥过渡段在高速行车条件下的动力特性,建立传统型、搭板型和桩板型三种形式路桥过渡段的三维有限元模型,研究1‰极限轨面折角以及350、400 km/h两种车速条件下三种路桥过渡段的动力响应。结果表明:1‰极限轨面折角条件下,车速由350 km/h提高为400 km/h时,三种路桥过渡段的路基表面竖向动变形和竖向加速度都有所增大,但均未超过现行350 km/h车速时的规范限值,现行过渡段设计要求对传统型、搭板型和桩板型三种路桥过渡段仍适用于车速400 km/h条件;搭板型路桥过渡段的竖向动变形、加速度最值分别为0.10 mm、0.50 m/s^(2),均小于各自限值,且可通过搭板减小路桥交界处差异沉降,并降低施工难度和工程造价;综合考虑路基动力响应要求、对差异沉降的控制效果、施工难度以及经济性,三种路桥过渡段中搭板型路桥过渡段综合性能较优。。

真空吸入式风洞三维非定常流场时空特性

为了给真空吸入式风洞的气动优化设计提供参考,应用空气动力学知识和风洞理论,基于Fluent仿真平台,采用计算流体力学(CFD)有限元体积法求解雷诺时均方程(RANS),研究三维非定常流场的时空特性及其演化规律。通过建立收缩段和真空罐的数学模型,确定其特征参数;应用空气动力学知识,抽象流体的边界条件,构建全尺寸三维流体计算域;采用流体力学数值模拟方法,利用试验验证算法的置信度,并进行数值模拟。结果表明,当真空罐容积为2000 m^(3),真空度为3 kPa时可以较好地模拟悬挂发射装置在空中挂飞和投放瞬间的气动载荷。在试验段流场的核心区,其流场品质较好,可以提供0.80 Ma且至少1 s的稳定流场,满足0.40~0.80 Ma且维持至少500 ms稳定流场的设计要求。该研究结论可以为真空吸入式风洞的设计提供理论基础。

基于动力学仿真的车辆稳态操控特性优化

针对某电动汽车操控稳定性与舒适性较差的问题,利用动力学仿真参数匹配分析方法有效支持实车匹配,并获得显著成效。首先,对前后悬架垂向刚度进行匹配分析,以优化不同偏频下垂向振动所致的车身俯仰响应;为优化前后悬侧倾运动协调性,基于车辆稳态回转工况的多体动力学仿真,以转向外侧前后悬架行程相对于侧向加速度压缩速率的一致性为目标,进行前后悬侧倾刚度的优化匹配;其次,通过动力学仿真研究侧倾、侧向力以及回正力矩转向对整车不足转向的影响,提出基于硬点布置与衬套匹配的整车不足转向度优化途径,为实车调校提供有效的改善思路和方案;最后,实车匹配验证了优化方案的有效性。结果表明:优化后的前后悬垂向跳动与侧倾运动平衡性更佳,稳态操控特性改善显著,主观评分超出目标值约0.5分,操控性能提升约10%。该方案已应用于量产车型,为车辆操控稳定性能开发提供了一种参考案例。

梳齿角对“迷宫+蜂窝”复合密封泄漏及动力特性的影响

近年来,一类在传统迷宫密封梳齿间增添蜂窝的复合密封结构逐步应用于叶片式压缩机等高速透平机械。为探究梳齿角对复合密封的泄漏及动力特性的影响,结合某叶片式压缩机优化设计实际需求,建立了静子齿复合密封(TOS CS)、转子齿复合密封(TOR CS)两种复合密封的三维模型,采用数值模拟方法分析在半频涡动下梳齿角对两种复合密封的泄漏及动力特性的影响。结果表明:TOR CS的泄漏量随着梳齿角的增大而减小,而TOS CS存在一个临界角度θ_(cr),梳齿角低于θ_(cr)时,泄漏量随着梳齿角的增大而减小,梳齿角高于θ_(cr)时,泄漏量随着梳齿角的增大而增大。两种复合密封的泄漏量随压缩机的压比的增大而升高,压比的增大对小梳齿角TOS CS、大梳齿角TOR CS泄漏量影响较大。在半频涡动下,相同梳齿角的TOS CS有效阻尼比TOR CS高56.4%~61.2%,随着梳齿角的增大,TOS CS与TOR CS直接刚度、交叉刚度降低,直接阻尼增大,TOS CS与TOR CS的有效阻尼分别提升了89.5%、83.2%,转子稳定性可得到提升。研究结论为高转速透平机械的复合密封结构优化设计提供了有力支撑。

防振锤功率特性数值仿真与动力学优化

针对防振锤在不同工况下无法发挥最佳防振性能的问题,构建防振锤子系统模型,简化功率特性数据采集方程,设计实验装置对防振锤进行功率特性数值仿真计算,得到防振锤的功率特性曲线,并采用Kriging模型对防振锤的绞线抗弯刚度、绞线股间摩擦系数、材料内阻尼进行动力学优化。模拟实验结果表明:仿真结果与测定结果较为吻合,防振锤的功率特性仿真数值具有可靠性;在不同频率工况下,优化后输电导线的振幅、比振幅较小,说明防振锤功率消耗较大,具有更好的防振性能。

基于不同涡黏模型的三心拱巷道风流数值模拟研究

为了研究不同湍流模型在预测U形钢支护三心拱巷道截面风速分布的差异性,选取相同边界条件下风洞实测风速与基于标准k-epsilon模型、标准k-omega模型、Spalart-Allmaras模型等3种湍流模型的仿真风速进行比较。结果表明,上述3种湍流模型均能大致描述巷道风流特征,巷道截面处风速实测值与仿真值的绝对误差与入口风速呈正相关关系,与壁面距离呈负相关关系;以绝对误差平均值和均方根误差为评判准则,标准k-epsilon模型在模拟巷道风速时与现场实测风速数据的拟合度较高,Spalart-Allmaras模型次之,标准k-omega模型拟合度较低。

长江上游观音背滩航道整治方案

针对长江上游观音背河段暗碛浅区得不到有效冲刷而易出浅碍航的问题,提出了2种不同的整治方案,并采用数值模拟方法建立该河段的平面二维数学模型,对2种方案实施后的整治效果进行研究。结果表明,方案实施后浅区部位水深均在3.5 m以上,达到了预期整治目标。局部水流流态明显改善,设计流量下2种方案的最大流速增幅分别为0.798、0.995 m/s。方案2较方案1对河道边界条件影响更大,局部消滩判数超过临界值3.92,不利船舶通行,因此选择方案1作为推荐方案。研究结果可为该河段后续整治方案的确定提供支撑。