Isoflavone Attenuates the Nuclear Transcription Factor Kappa B (NF-<i>κ</i>B) Activation on MPP⁺-Induced Apoptosis of PC12 Cells

Objective: To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of cellular response to the challenge by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells, an in vitro cell model for Parkinson’s disease, and the effect of NF-κB activation on the protection of Parkinson’s disease by Isoflavone (I). Methods: PC12 cells were used to establish the cell model of Parkinson’s disease, and are divided into five groups: control group;MPP+ group;I (Isoflavone) + MPP+ group;I group;SN-50 + MPP+ group. The content of NF-κB in PC12 cells was determined by immunocytochemistry;The viability of PC12 cells after treated with cell-permeable NF-κB inhibitor SN-50 and cell viability were measured by MTT assay;the expression levels of NF-κB p65 in cytoplasm and nuclear fractions were evaluated by western blot analysis;the mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 was analyzed by in situ hybridization (ISH). Results: Compared with the control group, the protein of NF-κB p65 both in cytoplasm and in nuclei was significantly higher than in I + MPP+ and MPP+ groups;similarly, the mRNA expression level of NF-κB p65 gene was also significantly higher;moreover, the protein expression of NF-κB p65 was much lower in I group (P + group, the protein of NF-κB p65 was significantly lower in I + MPP+ group, the mRNA expression level of NF-κB p65 gene was also significantly lower, and the protein expression level of NF-κB p65 was much lower in I + MPP+ group (P + group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: NF-κB activation is essential to MPP+-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells;but Isoflavone can inhibit the cell damage to some extent to execute its protective function, which may be involved in nigral neurodegeneration in patients with Parkinson’s disease.

Aberrant activation of nuclear factor of activated T cell 2 in lamina propria mononuclear cells in ulcerative colitis

AIM:To investigate the role of nuclear factor of activated T cell 2(NFAT2),the major NFAT protein in peripheral T cells,in sustained T cell activation and intractable inflammation in human ulcerative colitis(UC). METHODS:We used two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis, immunohistochemistry,double immunohistochemical staining,and confocal microscopy to inspect the expression of NFAT2 in 107,15,48 and 5 cases of UC, Crohn's disease(CD),non-specific colitis,and 5 healthy individuals,respectively. RESULTS:Up-regulation with profound nucleo- translocation/activation of NFAT2 of lamina propria mononuclear cells(LPMC)of colonic mucosa was found specifically in the affected colonic mucosa from patients with UC,as compared to CD or NC(P<0.001,Kruskal- Wallis test).Nucleo-translocation/activation of NFAT2 primarily occurred in CD8+T,but was less prominent in CD4+T cells or CD20+B cells.It was strongly associated with the disease activity,including endoscopic stage (τ=0.2145,P=0.0281)and histologic grade(τ=0.4167, P<0.001). CONCLUSION:We disclose for the first time the nucleo-translocation/activatin of NFAT2 in lamina propria mononuclear cells in ulcerative colitis.Activation of NFAT2 was specific for ulcerative colitis and highly associated with disease activity.Since activation of NFAT2is implicated in an auto-regulatory positive feedback loop of sustained T-cell activation and NFAT proteins play key roles in the calcium/calcineurin signaling pathways,our results not only provide new insights into the mechanism for sustained intractable inflammation,but also suggest the calcium-calcineurin/NFAT pathway as a new therapeutic target for ulcerative colitis.

Effect of Sirpα1 on the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B in hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND:Signal regulatory protein alpha1(Sirpα1) is a member of Sirps families containing four immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs(ITIMs) domains in the cytoplasm of and an activated substrate of receptor tyrosine kinase(RTK),that negatively regulates the RTK-dependent cell proliferating signal transduction pathway.Previously we found that Sirpα1 was closely associated with the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)as well as liver regeneration.Since it is unclear about the regulatory mechanisms,we established the cell line transfected Sirpα1 gene and preliminarily clarified the mechanisms by which Sirpα1 negatively regulates the carcinogenesis and development of HCC. METHODS:Liver cancer Sk-Hep1 cell was respectively transfected with plasmids of pLXSN,pLXSN-Sirpα1 and pLXSN-Sirpα1Δ4Y 2 ,screened with the drug of G418(1200 μg/ml),and various transfected Sk-Hep1 cell lines were obtained.The protein expressions of P65,P50,IκBα,cyclin D1 and Fas in various Sk-Hep1 cell lines were determined by Western blotting,and P65 and P50 were localized by the immunofluorescence technique. RESULTS:Sirpα1 could significantly upregulate the protein expression of IκBα(vs.other cell lines,P<0.05) in the Sk-Hep1 cell,and downregulate the protein expressions of P65,P50 and cyclin D1(vs.other cell lines, P<0.05)in the Sk-Hep1 cell.P65 protein expression was mainly localized in the cytoplasm in the pLXSN Sk-Hep1 cell,and in the nucleus of the Sk-Hep1 cell with mutantSirpα1Δ4Y 2 ,but in nucleus of the Sk-Hep1 cell with wild Sirpα1.P50 protein expression was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the pLXSN Sk-Hep1 cell,but in the nucleus of the Sk-Hep1 cell with wild Sirpα1 and mutant Sirpα1Δ4Y 2 plasmid. CONCLUSIONS:Sirpα1 might negatively regulate and control the abnormal proliferation of liver cancer cells by influencing the protein content and localization of nuclear factor-kappa B,then influence the expression of cyclins such as cyclin D1 in the signal transduction pathway.It may be one of the important mechanisms by which Sirpα1 negatively regulates the carcinogenesis and development of HCC.

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen clamp associated factor,a potential proto-oncogene with increased expression in malignant gastrointestinal tumors

Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers,including malignancies in the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs of digestion,represent the leading cause of death worldwide due to the poor prognosis of most GI cancers.An investigation into the potential molecular targets of prediction,diagnosis,prognosis,and therapy in GI cancers is urgently required.Proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)clamp associated factor(PCLAF),which plays an essential role in cell proliferation,apoptosis,and cell cycle regulation by binding to PCNA,is a potential molecular target of GI cancers as it contributes to a series of malignant properties,including tumorigenesis,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,migration,and invasion.Furthermore,PCLAF is an underlying plasma prediction target in colorectal cancer and liver cancer.In addition to GI cancers,PCLAF is also involved in other types of cancers and autoimmune diseases.Several pivotal pathways,including the Rb/E2F pathway,NF-κB pathway,and p53-p21 cascade,are implicated in PCLAF-mediated diseases.PCLAF also contributes to some diseases through dysregulation of the p53 pathway,WNT signal pathway,MEK/ERK pathway,and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal cascade.This review mainly describes in detail the role of PCLAF in physiological status and GI cancers.The signaling pathways involved in PCLAF are also summarized.Suppression of the interaction of PCLAF/PCNA or the expression of PCLAF might be potential biological therapeutic strategies for GI cancers.

<i>Trapa japonica</i>Flerov Extract Attenuates Lipid Accumulation through Downregulation of Adipogenic Transcription Factors in 3T3-L1 Cells

Obesity is a major human health problem associated with various diseases, including cardiac injury and type 2 diabetes. Trapa japonica Flerov (TJF) has been used in traditional oriental medicine to treat diabetes. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of and the mechanism underlying the effect of TJF extract on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. The effects of TJF extract on cell viability were analyzed using a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and the anti-adipogenic effect was measured by oil red O staining. The expression of peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP)α, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), adiponectin, and fatty acid binding protein (FABP)4 involved in adipogenesis was determined by western blot analysis. TJF extract effectively inhibited lipid accumulation and the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα in 3T3-L1 cells. TJF also increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC, and decreased the expression of adiponectin and FABP4. These results indicate that TJF extract exerts its anti-obesity effect through the downregulation of adipogenic transcription factors and adipogenic marker genes.

Altered expression of nuclear matrix proteins in etoposide induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells

The events of cell death and the expression of nuclear matrix protein (NMP) have been investigated in a promyelocytic leukemic cell line HL-60 induced with etoposide. By means of TUNEL assay, the nuclei displayed a characteristic morphology change, and the amount of apoptotic cells increased early and reached maximun about 39% after treatment with etoposide for 2 h. Nucleosomal DNA fragmentation was observed after treatment for 4 h. The morphological change of HL-60 cells, thus, occurred earlier than the appearance of DNA ladder. Total nuclear matrix proteins were analyzed by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Differential expression of 59 nuclear matrix proteins was found in 4 h etoposide treated cells. Western blotting was then performed on three nuclear matrix acssociated proteins, PML, HSC70 and NuMA. The expression of the suppressor PML protein and heat shock protein HSC70 were significantly upregulated after etoposide treatment, while NuMA, a nuclear mitotic apparatus protein, was down regulated. These results demonstrate that significant biochemical alterations in nuclear matrix proteins take place during the apoptotic process.

Role of nuclear factor κB in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

The transcription factor nuclear factor κB（NF-κB） plays major roles in inflammatory diseases through regulation of inflammation and cell viability.Multiple sclerosis（MS） is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system（CNS）.It has been shown that NF-κB is activated in multiple cell types in the CNS of MS patients,including T cells,microglia/macrophages,astrocytes,oligodendrocytes,and neurons.Interestingly,data from animal model studies,particularly studies of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,have suggested that NF-κB activation in these individual cell types has distinct effects on the development of MS.In this review,we will cover the current literature on NF-κB and the evidence for its role in the development of MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Inhibition of PARP1 Increases IRF-dependent Gene Transcription in Jurkat Cells

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) plays important roles in the regulation of transcription factors. Mounting evidence has shown that inhibition of PARP1 influences the expression of genes associated with inflammatory response. Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) is a critical transcription factor for the development of both the innate and adaptive immune responses against infections. However, the molecular mechanism through which PARP1 mediates the effects has not been clearly demonstrated. Jurkat cells were exposed to dexamethasone (Dex) or PARP1 inhibitor PJ34. The expression levels of IL-12, LMP2, OAS1 and PKR were detected using real-time RT-PCR. The interactions between PARP1 and IRF1 were examined by coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) assays. We further explored the mechanism of PARP1 suppressing IRF1 by assessing the activities of interferon stimulated response element (ISRE). The mRNA expression of IL-12, LMP2, OAS1 and PKR was obviously suppressed by Dex in Jurkat cells, which could be rescued by PJ34 treatment. Luciferase study revealed that poly(ADP-ribosyl)- ation suppressed IRF1-mediated transcription through preventing the binding of IRF1 to ISREs. PARP1 inhibited IRF1-mediated transcription in Jurkat cells by preventing IRF1 binding to ISREs in the promoters of target genes. It is suggested that PARP1 is a crucial regulator of IRF1-mediated immune response. This study provides experimental evidence for the possible application of PARP1 inhibitors in the treatment of IRF1-related immune anergy.

Blockage of PPARδ increases the expression of inflammatory factors in 3T3-L1 cells stimulated with TNFα

Objective： To investigate the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors δ （PPARδ） in inflammatory reaction and its possible mechanism in adipocyte. Methods：Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference （RNAi） was used to block the expression of PPARδ in 3T3-L1 cells. In order to induce inflammation in 3T3-L1, cells were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α（TNFα, 20 ng/ml） for 4 h. The expression of PPARδ, nuclear factor κB （NFκB） and C reactive protein （CRP） were determined by Western blot analysis. Results：The expression of PPARδ was reduced by 80% after RNAi. Blockage of PPARδ promoted the expression of CRP and NFκB in cells stimulated with TNFα but had no effect on normal cells. Conclusion： PPARδ is involved in inflammatory reaction in adipocyte. Blockage of PPARδ can promote the inflammation mediated by inflammatory factors and increase the expression of NFκB and CRP in 3T3-L1 cells stimulated with TNFα.

Mangiferin Promotes Bregs Level,Activates Nrf2 Antioxidant Signaling,and Inhibits Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in Murine Splenic Mononuclear Cells In Vitro

Recent studies indicated that regulatory B cells(Bregs)and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)antioxidant signaling pathway play important roles in the pathogenesis of chronic graft-versus-host disease(cGVHD).Mangiferin(MA),a polyphenol compound,has been reported to activate Nrf2/antioxidant-responsive element(ARE)signaling pathway.This study was aimed to investigate the effects of MA on Bregs and Nrf2 antioxidant signaling in murine splenic mononuclear cells(MNCs)in vitro.Our results revealed that MA could increase the Bregs level in murine splenic MNCs.Moreover,MA up-regulated the expression of Bregs-associated immunosuppressive factor interleukin-10(IL-10)by activating the Janus kinase 2(JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)signaling in murine splenic MNCs.Meanwhile,MA inhibited the proinflammatory cytokines IL-2 and interferon-y(INF-y)at both mRNA and protein levels.MA also enhanced the transcription and protein expression of Nrf2 and NADPH quinine oxidoreductase 1(NQOl),whereas decreased that of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keapl)in murine splenic MNCs.Moreover,MA promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of murine splenic MNCs.These results suggested that MA exerts immunosuppressive effects by upregulating the Bregs level,activating the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway,and inhibiting the expression of pro-immunoinflammatory factors.MA,as a natural immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agent,may have a potential role in the prophylaxis and treatment of cGVHD.

Identification of integrin β6 gene promoter and analysis of its transcription regulation in colon cancer cells

BACKGROUND The integrinβ6 gene,which is expressed in epithelial cancer,plays a pivotal role in various aspects of cancer progression.The present research for integrinβ6 regulation mainly focuses on the post-transcription and translation related regulation mechanism and its role in tumorigenesis.The mechanisms of how the integrinβ6 gene is regulated transcriptionally,and the promoter and transcription factors responsible for basic transcription of integrinβ6 gene remain unknown.AIM To clone and characterize the integrinβ6 promoter.METHODS Software analysis was used to predict the region of integrinβ6 promoter.Luciferase reporter plasmids,which contained the integrinβ6 promoter,were constructed.Element deletion analysis was performed to identify the location of core promoter and binding sites for transcription factors.RESULTS The regulatory elements for the transcription of the integrinβ6 gene were located between-286 and-85 and contained binding sites for transcription factors such as STAT3 and Ets-1.CONCLUSION For the first time,we found the region ofβ6 core promoter and demonstrated the binding sites for transcription factors such as Ets-1 and STAT3,which are important for integrinβ6 promoter transcription activity.These findings are important for investigating the mechanism of integrinβ6 activation in cancer progression.

Study on the relationship between the expression of NFκB1 and LncRNA-PACER in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

Objective: To investigate the expression relationship between nuclear transcription factor kappa B1 (NFκB1) and long non-coding RNA PACER (LncRNA-PACER) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: From February 2018 to March 2019, 40 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (tuberculosis group) and 40 healthy persons (control group) were collected, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA);the expressions of LncRNA-PACER and NFκB1 mRNAs in PBMCs were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR;Western blot was used to detect the expressions of NFκB1 and COX 2 in PBMCs;Pearson method was used to analyze the expressions of LncRNA-PACER and NFκB1 in PBMCs of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, and the expressions of LncRNA-PACER and NFκB1 in PBMCs of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were analyzed. Results: Compared with the control group, the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in the serum of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the expressions of LncRNA-PACER, NFκB1 mRNAs, proteins and COX-2 protein in PBMCs were significantly increased (P<0.05). The expressions of LncRNA-PACER and NFκB1 proteins in PBMCs were related to the number of pulmonary lesions and pulmonary cavity (P<0.05), and there was a positive correlation between the expression of LncRNA-PACER and the expression of NFκB1 mRNA in PBMCs of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (r = 0.873, P<0.05). Conclusions: The expressions of NFκB1 and LncRNA-PACER in PBMCs of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis are significantly increased, they are positively correlated and both of them are related to the occurrence and development of pulmonary tuberculosis.

BAFF调节免疫性血小板减少症模型小鼠的Th17/Treg平衡的研究

目的:探讨B细胞激活因子(BAFF)对免疫性血小板减少症模型小鼠体内辅助性T细胞17(Th17)/调节性T细胞(Treg)平衡的调节作用和潜在机制。方法:制备豚鼠抗小鼠血小板抗血清(GP-APS),并将150只无特定病原级别的成年雄性BALB/c小鼠(7~8周龄)随机分为5组,每组30只。分别为对照组(空白对照)和ITP组(GP-APS诱导),ITP+rhBAFF组(ITP组联合静脉注射50μg/kg/50μL重组人BAFF蛋白),并在ITP+rhBAFF组处理的基础上分别联合Notch1的抑制剂(DAPT)或PI3K/Akt的抑制剂Polygalacin D(PGD),设立ITP+rhBAFF+DAPT组和ITP+rhBAFF+PGD组,除对照组和ITP组外,均为静脉注射给药,DAPT注射剂量100μg/kg;PGD注射剂量25μg/kg,静脉注射总体积均为50μL,每日1次。1周后取小鼠1mL外周血并分离血清和单个核细胞。用免疫荧光化学检测单个核细胞中BAFF和Notch1的定位。对外周血中的血小板进行计数。酶联免疫吸附法(ELSIA)检测小鼠外周血血清BAFF的水平。Western blot检测小鼠外周血单个核细胞中PI3K、AKT、Notch1、p-Akt(Thr308)、p-Akt(Ser473)的蛋白表达。流式细胞术检测单个核细胞中Th17/Treg的比例变化。结果:ITP小鼠外周血单个核细胞的BAFF与Notch1共定位在细胞膜。与对照组比较,ITP组BAFF、Notch1、p-Akt(Thr308)、p-Akt(Ser473)的表达增加,血小板数目和Treg比例减少,Th17比例增加(P<0.05)。与ITP组比较,ITP+rhBAFF组BAFF、Notch1、p-Akt(Thr308)、p-Akt(Ser473)的表达增加,血小板数目和Treg比例减少,Th17比例增加(P<0.05)。与ITP+rhBAFF组比较,ITP+rhBAFF+DAPT组BAFF、Notch1、p-Akt(Thr308)、p-Akt(Ser473)的表达降低,血小板数目和Treg比例增加,Th17比例降低(P<0.05)。与ITP+rhBAFF组比较,ITP+rhBAFF+PGD组BAFF、Notch1、p-Akt(Thr308)、p-Akt(Ser473)的表达降低,血小板数目和Treg比例增加,Th17比例降低(P<0.05)。结论:BAFF通过激活Notch1/PI3K/Akt信号通路促进免疫性血小板减少症模型小鼠体内Th17比例增加及Treg比例减少。

下肢动脉硬化闭塞动物模型辅助性T细胞17/调节性T细胞平衡及巨噬细胞极化比率的研究

目的探讨下肢动脉硬化闭塞(arteriosclerosis obliteran,ASO)动物模型外周血辅助性T细胞17(helper T cell type 17,Th17)/调节性T细胞(regulatory T cell,Treg)比值平衡及M1巨噬细胞和M2巨噬细胞极化比率。方法20只SD大鼠随机分为ASO组和对照组,每组10只,其中ASO组构建ASO模型并在90d取材获得血液样本,检测血清中促炎因子白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-6、IL-17和抑炎因子IL-10的分泌情况、Th17和Treg、M1和M2型巨噬细胞的含量及比率,以及淋巴细胞中叉头状/翼状螺旋转录因子3(forkhead or winged helix transcription 3,Foxp3)、IL-6、IL-10、IL-17的表达情况。结果ASO组大鼠血清IL-6、IL-17显著升高,而IL-10显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ASO组Th17/Treg比例和M1/M2巨噬细胞比例均显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在大鼠淋巴细胞中,ASO组的Foxp3和IL-10的mRNA及蛋白含量显著低于对照组,而IL-6和IL-17的mRNA及蛋白水平显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论Th17/Treg平衡、M1/M2比例以及血液及淋巴细胞炎症因子表达可能与下肢ASO的炎症反应趋势变化有关。

附子理中汤联合骨髓间充质干细胞调控变应性鼻炎大鼠鼻黏膜T-bet和GATA3 mRNA表达的研究

目的研究附子理中汤联合骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)对变应性鼻炎大鼠鼻黏膜T盒转录因子(T-bet)、锌指蛋白3(GATA3)mRNA表达的影响。方法将40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为5组,每组8只。对照组大鼠不造模、不干预;模型组、MSCs组、附子理中汤组、附子理中汤+MSCs组大鼠均进行变应性鼻炎造模,其中模型组造模后不治疗,MSCs组造模后给予骨髓MSCs尾静脉注射1次,附子理中汤组造模后给予附子理中汤连续灌胃14 d,附子理中汤+MSCs组造模后给予骨髓MSCs尾静脉注射1次和附子理中汤连续灌胃14 d。比较各组大鼠干预前后的行为学积分;干预结束后ELISA法检测鼻腔灌洗液中白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-13(IL-13)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)水平,qRT-PCR法检测鼻黏膜组织中T-bet和GATA3 mRNA表达情况。结果MSCs组、附子理中汤组和附子理中汤+MSCs组大鼠干预后行为学积分均明显低于干预前及模型组(P均<0.05),且附子理中汤+MSCs组大鼠干预后行为学积分均明显低于MSCs组和附子理中汤组(P均<0.05)。与对照组比较,模型组大鼠鼻腔灌洗液中IL-4、IL-13水平和鼻黏膜组织中GATA3 mRNA相对表达量均明显升高(P均<0.05),鼻腔灌洗液中IFN-γ水平和鼻黏膜组织中T-bet mRNA相对表达量均明显降低(P均<0.05)。与模型组比较,MSCs组、附子理中汤组和附子理中汤+MSCs组大鼠鼻腔灌洗液中IL-4、IL-13水平和鼻黏膜组织中GATA3 mRNA相对表达量均明显降低(P均<0.05),附子理中汤组和附子理中汤+MSCs组大鼠鼻腔灌洗液中IFN-γ水平和鼻黏膜组织中T-bet mRNA相对表达量均明显升高(P均<0.05),MSCs组大鼠鼻腔灌洗液中IFN-γ水平和鼻黏膜组织中T-bet mRNA相对表达量均无明显变化(P均>0.05);且附子理中汤+MSCs组大鼠鼻腔灌洗液中IL-4、IL-13水平和鼻黏膜组织中GATA3 mRNA相对表达量均明显低于MSCs组(P均<0.05),鼻腔灌洗液中IFN-γ水平和鼻黏膜组织中T-bet mRNA相对表达量均明显高于MSCs组(P均<0.05)。结论附子理中汤联合骨髓MSCs能上调T-bet mRNA和下调GATA3 mRNA表达,进而调节Th1/Th2细胞的平衡,抑制炎症反应,改善变应性鼻炎症状。

血清vWF、Treg相关细胞因子在急性白血病患儿危险分层及疗效评估中的价值

目的探究血清血管性血友病因子(vWF)、调节性T细胞(Treg)相关细胞因子[转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)、白介素-10(IL-10)、白介素-35(IL-35)]在急性白血病(AL)患儿危险分层及疗效评估中的价值,为AL患儿临床诊疗提供参考。方法选取2020年2月至2022年8月郑州大学第三附属医院收治的78例AL患儿,根据CCLG-ALL-2018方案危险分层分为低危组(39例)、中危组(21例)、高危组(18例)3个亚组,分别比较不同类型、不同危险分层患儿血清vWF、TGF-β、IL-10、IL-35水平,并进行相关性分析。AL患儿均接受规范化治疗,根据治疗1 a疗效评估结果分为临床有效组(完全缓解+部分缓解,62例)、临床无效组(未缓解,16例),分别比较两组治疗2、6个月血清vWF、TGF-β、IL-10、IL-35水平,分析其对AL患儿疗效的预测价值。结果低危组血清vWF、IL-10、IL-35水平低于中危组,中危组血清vWF、IL-10、IL-35水平低于高危组(P<0.05);低危组血清TGF-β水平高于中危组,中危组血清TGF-β水平高于高危组(P<0.05);Spearman相关系数法分析显示,血清vWF、IL-10、IL-35与AL患儿危险分层呈正相关,血清TGF-β与AL患儿危险分层呈负相关(P<0.05);78例AL患儿经1 a治疗后有28例完全缓解、34例部分缓解,计入临床有效组(62例),16例未缓解,计入临床无效组(16例)。治疗2、6个月临床有效组血清vWF、IL-10、IL-35水平均低于临床无效组,血清TGF-β水平高于临床无效组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗2、6个月各血清指标联合预测AL患儿临床无效的曲线下面积分别为0.875、0.933(P<0.05)。结论血清vWF、TGF-β、IL-10、IL-35与AL患儿危险分层及疗效有关,动态监测血清vWF、Treg相关细胞因子有利于病情及疗效评估。

血清sTLT-1、SP-D、NF-κB水平在脓毒症急性肺损伤预后评估中的价值

目的 探究血清可溶性髓样细胞触发受体样转录因子-1(sTLT-1)、表面活性蛋白-D(SP-D)、核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)水平在脓毒症急性肺损伤(ALI)预后评估中的价值。方法 选择2021年4月—2023年4月来我院就诊脓毒症患者36例作为脓毒症组,选择同期脓毒症并ALI患者80例作为ALI组。比较两组的一般资料、血清sTLT-1、SP-D、NF-κB水平、APACHEⅡ评分、LIPS评分。ALI组患者根据1个月内生存情况,分为死亡组(n=32)和存活组(n=48)。比较死亡组和存活组的一般资料、血清sTLT-1、SP-D、NF-κB水平、APACHEⅡ评分、LIPS评分,分析ALI组预后不良的影响因素及血清学sTLT-1、SP-D、NF-κB指标对ALI预后评估价值。结果 ALI组患者的sTLT-1、SP-D、NF-κB、APACHEⅡ评分、LIPS评分均高于脓毒症组(P<0.05);单因素分析结果显示,ALI患者中死亡组及存活组的性别、年龄、感染部位、吸烟例数及BMI水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);ALI患者中死亡组血清sTLT-1、SP-D、NF-κB、APACHEⅡ评分、LIPS评分均高于存活组(P<0.05);多因素分析显示,血清sTLT-1、SP-D、NF-κB、APACHEⅡ评分、LIPS评分是ALI患者预后不良的独立危险因素;采用ROC曲线分析,sTLT-1、SP-D、NF-κB联合诊断ALI预后不良的AUC为0.914,均高于单一sTLT-1、SP-D、NF-κB的0.832、0.796、0.816。结论 血清sTLT-1、SP-D、NF-κB水平与脓毒症ALI的发生及发展相关,同时是其预后不良的独立危险因素,临床联合检测sTLT-1、SP-D、NF-κB三项指标有助于指导ALI预后评估。

复方万年青胶囊联合化疗对中晚期非小细胞肺癌患者辅助性T细胞17/调节性T细胞失衡和血清凋亡因子的影响

目的 探讨复方万年青胶囊联合吉西他滨+顺铂(GP)化疗方案对中晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者辅助性T细胞17(Th17)/调节性T细胞(Treg)失衡和血清凋亡因子的影响。方法 选择2018年3月至2021年2月西安医学院第一附属医院收治的98例中晚期NSCLC患者。按照随机数字表法将患者分为对照组和观察组,各49例。对照组接受GP化疗方案治疗;观察组在对照组基础上联合复方万年青胶囊口服治疗。以21 d为1个疗程,完成4个疗程的化疗。比较2组临床疗效以及治疗前后血清Th17、Treg、Th17/Treg比值、肿瘤标志物水平、凋亡因子水平。观察2组治疗期间不良反应发生情况。所有患者随访2年,记录无进展生存期(PFS)和总生存期。结果 治疗后,观察组客观缓解率和疾病控制率均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。治疗后,2组Treg均低于治疗前、且观察组低于对照组[(2.9±0.5)%比(4.8±0.8)%],2组Th17、Th17/Treg比值均高于治疗前、且观察组均高于对照组[(1.42±0.13)%比(1.25±0.11)%、(0.49±0.10)比(0.26±0.08)](均P<0.05);2组癌胚抗原、细胞角蛋白19片段、糖类抗原125、B淋巴细胞瘤基因2(Bcl-2)水平均低于治疗前、且观察组均低于对照组,2组Bcl-2相关X蛋白水平均高于治疗前、且观察组高于对照组(均P<0.05)。2组治疗期间不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组中位PFS、中位总生存期均长于对照组(均P<0.01)。结论 复方万年青胶囊联合GP化疗方案治疗中晚期NSCLC患者,可有效控制疾病进展,延长生存期,调节血清肿瘤标志物和血清凋亡因子水平,改善免疫功能。

Heterogeneity and plasticity of T helper cells

CD4 T helper （Th） cells play critical roles in adaptive immune responses. They recruit and activate other immune cells including B cells, CD8 T cells, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. Based on their functions, their pattern of cytokine secretion and their expression of specific transcription factors, Th cells, differentiated from naive CD4 T cells, are classified into four major lineages, Thl, Th2, Th17 and T regulatory （Treg） cells, although other Th lineages may exist. Subsets of the same lineage may express different effector cytokines, reside at different locations or give rise to cells with different fates, whereas cells from different lineages may secrete common cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-9 and IL-10, resulting in massive heterogeneity of the Th cell population. In addition, the pattern of cytokine secretion may switch from that of one lineage toward another under certain circumstances, suggesting that Th cells are plastic. Tregs are also more heterogeneous and plastic than were originally thought. In this review, we summarize recent reports on heterogeneity and plasticity of Th cells, and discuss potential mechanisms and implications of such features that Th cells display.

川崎病患儿血清CaN、NFATc1水平与免疫球蛋白治疗反应的相关性

目的探讨川崎病患儿血清钙调神经磷酸酶(CaN)、活化T细胞核因子c1(NFATc1)水平与免疫球蛋白(IVIG)治疗反应的相关性,以期为临床改善治疗效果提供理论参考。方法采用前瞻性研究,选取平顶山市第一人民医院2018年1月至2023年1月100例川崎病患儿作为研究对象,检测入院时患儿的血清CaN、NFATc1水平,同时收集患儿的一般资料,根据IVIG治疗反应情况分为IVIG治疗敏感组与IVIG治疗无反应组。比较两组患儿的血清CaN、NFATc1水平及一般资料,采用点二列相关性检验血清CaN、NFATc1水平与IVIG治疗反应之间的关系,并采用logistic回归性检验二者对IVIG治疗反应的影响。结果100例患儿中有20例为IVIG治疗无反应,占比为20%(20/100)。IVIG治疗无反应组患儿入院时血清CaN、NFATc1及C反应蛋白(CRP)水平高于IVIG治疗敏感组(P<0.05)。经点二列相关性检验显示血清CaN、NFATc1水平与川崎病患儿IVIG治疗无反应存在正相关关系(r>0,P<0.05)。经logistic回归性分析检验显示高水平血清CaN、血清NFATc1是导致患儿IVIG治疗无反应的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论川崎病患儿IVIG治疗无反应发生风险较高,且与血清CaN、血清NFATc1存在关系,二者的高水平表达是导致IVIG治疗无反应的影响因素。