Earthquake simulation test of circular reinforced concrete bridge column under multidirectional seismic excitation

Structures behave multi-directionally when subjected to earthquake excitation. Thus, it is essential to evaluate the effect of multidirectional loading on the dynamic response and seismic performance of reinforced concrete bridge columns in order to develop more advanced and reliable design procedures. To investigate such effects, a 1/4 scaled circular reinforced concrete bridge column specimen was tested under two horizontal and one vertical components of a strong motion that has long duration with several strong pulses. Damage progress of reinforced concrete columns subjected to strong excitation was evaluated from the test. The test results demonstrate that the lateral force response in the principal directions become smaller than computed flexural capacity due to the bilateral flexural loading effects, and that the lateral response is not significantly affected by the fluctuation of the axial force because the horizontal response and axial force barely reached the maximum simultaneously due to difference of the predominant natural periods between the vertical and the horizontal directions. Accuracy of fiber analyses is discussed using the test results.

Seismic Performance of High-Strength Short Concrete Column with High-Strength Stirrups Constraints

The seismic performance of four short concrete columns was investigated under low cycle and repeated loads, including the failure characteristics, hysteretic behavior, rigidity degeneracy and steel-bar stress. The influences of reinforcement strength, stirrup ratio and shear span ratio were also compared. Test results reveal that the restriction effect of stirrups can improve the peak stress, so the bearing capacity of specimen can be improved; for the high-strength short concrete column with high-strength stirrups, it was more reasonable to use ultimate displacement angle to reflect the ductility of the specimen, and the yield strength of high-strength stirrups should be devalued when calculating the stirrup characteristic value; the seismic performance of short column would be improved with the increase of volume–stirrup ratio and shear span ratio; the high-strength stirrups and high-strength longitudinal reinforcements did not yield when the load acting on the specimen reached the peak value, which brought adequate safety stock to these short columns. © 2017, Tianjin University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Study of Short Column Behavior Originated from the Level Difference on Sloping Lots during Earthquake (Special Case: Reinforced Concrete Buildings)

The disorders originated from architectural design in buildings, show in different forms. One of them is the level difference originated from lot’s slope which affects structures through short column phenomenon. The great stiffness of short columns enables them to absorb large amounts of structural energy. Inattention of some manuals and regulations such as Earthquake regulations to this phenomenon necessitates paying further attention to it. On this basis, the present study employed experimental modeling and numerical modeling for a four-story reinforced concrete building that involves the analysis of simple 2-D frames of varying floor heights and varying number of bays using a very popular software tool STAAD Pro on both a sloping and a flat lot. Also Sap2000 software had been used to show that the displacement of floors is greater for a flat lot building than a sloping lot building. However, the increase in shear was found to be quite greater in short columns compared to common ones and an enormous moment should be tolerated by sloping lot structures. The greater stiffness of the structure was also revealed by non-linear static (Push-Over) analysis. According to the results, short column are required to have more resistant sections and are suggested to be reinforced with more bars. In addition, more steel should be used as stirrups than as longitudinal bars. Also for existing structures, shear capacity of short columns should be retrofitted by FRP, Steel Jacket or other materials.

Model Experiment on Integral Seismic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frame with Split Columns

Based on a series of previous studies, an experiment on the integral seismic behavior of a 1/3 scaled model of two-bay and three-story reinforced concrete frame with split columns at lower two stories is performed under cyclic loading. The original columns at lower two stories of the model frame are short columns and they are replaced by the split columns. The hysteresis curves between the horizontal cyclic load and the lateral displacement at the top of the model frame, indicate that under the cyclic loading, the model frame undergoes the process of cracking, yielding, and maximum loading before being destroyed at the ultimate load. They also indicate that the model frame has better ductility, and the ratio of the ultimate displacement to the yielding displacement, reaches 6.0. The yielding process of the model frame shows that for the frame with split columns, plastic hinges are generated at the ends of beams and then the columns begin yielding while the frame still possesses the bearing and deformation capacity. The design idea of directly changing the short column to long one in the reinforced concrete frame may be realized by replacing the short column with the split one.

Investigation of effect of near-fault motions on substandard bridge structures

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of near-fault ground motions on substandard bridge columns and piers. To accomplish these goals, several large scale reinforced concrete models were constructed and tested on a shake table using near- and far-field ground motion records. Because the input earthquakes for the test models had different characteristics, three different measures were used to evaluate the effect of the input earthquake. These measures are peak shake table acceleration, spectral acceleration at the fundamental period of the test specimens, and the specimen drift ratios. For each measure, force-displacement relationships, strains, curvatures, drift ratios, and visual damage were evaluated. Results showed that regardless of the measure of input or response, the near-fault record generally led to larger strains, curvatures, and drift ratios. Furthermore, residual displacements were small compared to those for columns meeting current seismic code requirements.

Residual drift spectra for RC bridge columns subjected to near-fault earthquakes

Permanent displacement of a bridge column can be directly measured during the inspection after near-fault earthquakes.However,the engineer needs to estimate the expected residual drift at the design stage to determine if the bridge seismic performance is satisfactory.The most direct method to estimate the residual displacement is nonlinear response history analysis,which is time consuming and cumbersome.Alternatively,an attractive but indirect method is generating estimated residual displacement spectra that depend on displacement ductility demand,column period,site conditions,and earthquake characteristics.Given the period and the expected displacement ductility demand for the column,the residual drift response spectra curves can be utilized to estimate the residual drift demand.Residual drift spectra that are applicable to RC bridge columns in different parts of the United States were developed based on nonlinear response history analyses using a comprehensive collection of recorded and synthetic near-fault ground motions and were linked to one-second spectral acceleration(S1)of the AASHTO maps.It was also found that the residual drift ratio is below one percent when S1 is less than 0.6 g.

纤维织物增强高延性混凝土加固RC短柱抗剪性能试验研究

为研究纤维织物增强高延性混凝土(TR-HDC)加固钢筋混凝土短柱的抗剪性能,设计了6根钢筋混凝土柱,包括2个对比柱和4个TR-HDC加固柱.通过低周反复荷载试验,对比分析剪跨比、纤维织物层数对试件破坏形态、变形、承载力和耗能能力的影响.结果表明:采用TR-HDC加固钢筋混凝土短柱,可显著提高其抗剪承载力;TR-HDC与原混凝土柱协同工作性能良好,加固后的混凝土柱的变形、承载力和耗能能力明显提高;增加纤维织物的层数对钢筋混凝土短柱的抗剪承载力提高幅度较小,但可大幅增强柱的耗能和变形能力;剪跨比较大时,更有利于发挥TR-HDC加固材料的力学性能.基于桁架-拱模型,提出TR-HDC加固钢筋混凝土短柱的抗剪承载力计算方法,计算结果较准确.

高强型钢超高性能混凝土短柱轴压性能试验及其有限元分析

为研究高强型钢超高性能混凝土短柱的轴压性能,对试件进行了轴心受压试验,设计参数包括配钢率、箍筋间距和箍筋形式。观察了试件的轴压破坏过程,获得了破坏形态及轴向荷载-位移曲线,分析了承载能力、变形能力、刚度等轴压性能指标,以及超高性能混凝土、纵筋、箍筋和型钢的应变发展规律。在试验研究基础上,采用ABAQUS建立了高强型钢超高性能混凝土短柱轴压性能有限元分析模型,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,进而进行了参数分析。结果表明:试件发生的是典型轴压破坏,中部表面出现“锯齿形”裂缝;轴向荷载-位移曲线会出现2次荷载峰值;箍筋间距减小时,试件的承载能力和变形能力均提高,但刚度退化速率没有显著变化;配钢率增大时,试件的承载能力提高,变形能力先增大后减小,刚度退化变缓;型钢强度增大时,试件的承载能力和变形能力均提高,提高速度先快后慢;超高性能混凝土抗压强度增大时,试件的承载能力提高,变形能力降低;超高性能混凝土受拉能够达到峰值应变;纵筋在极限点之前发生受压屈服;箍筋在极限点时应变不足屈服应变的1/3,但在破坏点前达到受拉屈服;型钢翼缘在极限点前后发生屈服,腹板屈服晚于翼缘。

矩形钢管混凝土短柱的轴心受压性能分析

采用考虑钢—混界面的接触的非线性有限元方法分析了内加劲肋矩形钢管混凝土短柱轴心受压性能。分析结果表明,矩形钢管混凝土短柱的轴压破坏过程表现出明显的弹塑性特征,短柱破坏时,钢管中部的纵向应力水平普遍较高,横向应力仅在壁板的角点处偏高;钢管内壁设置的开孔钢板加劲肋能够有效约束钢管壁板的鼓曲变形,改善钢管壁板的屈曲形态,提高钢管壁板的屈曲荷载;开孔钢板加劲肋还能起到提高钢管壁板对管内混凝土约束作用的效果。

Axial compression tests and numerical simulation of steel reinforced recycled concrete short columns confined by carbon fiber reinforced plastics strips

To research the axial compression behavior of steel reinforced recycled concrete(SRRC)short columns confined by carbon fiber reinforced plastics(CFRP)strips,nine scaled specimens of SRRC short columns were fabricated and tested under axial compression loading.Subsequently,the failure process and failure modes were observed,and load-displacement curves as well as the strain of various materials were analyzed.The effects on the substitution percentage of recycled coarse aggregate(RCA),width of CFRP strips,spacing of CFRP strips and strength of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)on the axial compression properties of columns were also analyzed in the experimental investigation.Furthermore,the finite element model of columns which can consider the adverse influence of RCA and the constraint effect of CFRP strips was founded by ABAQUS software and the nonlinear parameter analysis of columns was also implemented in this study.The results show that the first to reach the yield state was the profile steel in the columns,then the longitudinal rebars and stirrups yielded successively,and finally RAC was crushed as well as the CFRP strips was also broken.The replacement rate of RCA has little effect on the columns,and with the substitution rate of RCA from 0 to 100%,the bearing capacity of columns decreased by only 4.8%.Increasing the CFRP strips width or decreasing the CFRP strips spacing could enhance the axial bearing capacity of columns,the maximum increase was 10.5%or 11.4%,and the ductility of columns was significantly enhanced.Obviously,CFRP strips are conducive to enhance the axial bearing capacity and deformation capacity of columns.On this basis,considering the restraint effect of CFRP strips and the adverse effects of RCA,the revised formulas for calculating the axial bearing capacity of SRRC short columns confined by CFRP strips were proposed.

近距离爆炸作用下RC桥墩毁伤模式及其轴力效应数值模拟

为研究近距离爆炸作用下钢筋混凝土桥墩的毁伤模式,利用显式非线性动力分析软件LS-DYNA建立了包含空气域、炸药和RC桥墩的精细化三维数值模型,通过与已有文献的试验结果进行对比,验证了有限元模型的有效性,并进一步分析了轴力效应对RC桥墩毁伤模式的影响.结果表明:近距离爆炸作用下RC桥墩的毁伤模式可归纳为无剥落破坏、剥落破坏和冲切破坏3种;对于圆柱试件,以爆炸距离0.2 m为例,当比例距离Z≥0.200 m/kg^(1/3)时,发生无剥落破坏;当0.117 m/kg^(1/3)≤Z<0.200 m/kg^(1/3)时,发生剥落破坏;当Z<0.117 m/kg^(1/3)时,发生冲切破坏.在近距离爆炸作用下,轴向荷载对RC桥墩抗爆性能的影响与其毁伤模式有关,当RC桥墩的毁伤模式是无剥落破坏或者轻微的剥落破坏时,随着轴向荷载的增加,RC桥墩的毁伤程度有所减轻;但当RC桥墩的毁伤模式是严重的剥落破坏或者冲切破坏时,随着轴向荷载的增加,RC桥墩的毁伤程度加剧.研究结果可为RC墩柱抗爆设计和毁伤评估提供参考.

硫酸盐环境下GFRP管混凝土柱轴压性能演化规律

硫酸盐长期腐蚀会导致混凝土结构性能退化,纤维增强聚合物(FRP)与混凝土组合结构具有良好的抗腐蚀性能。对玻璃纤维增强聚合物(GFRP)管混凝土短柱采用硫酸盐浸泡和干湿循环两种作用方式开展腐蚀试验,通过表观现象观察、质量损失测试、超声探测等,研究组合柱在硫酸盐作用下结构变化特征;开展轴压试验,测试极限承载力与荷载-应变曲线,对比分析GFRP管混凝土短柱轴压性能演化规律。结果表明:在硫酸盐环境中,GFRP管能抵抗硫酸盐的侵蚀,有效保护混凝土,确保组合柱抗压强度。硫酸盐溶液浸泡和干湿循环作用降低了GFRP管混凝土短柱的强度以及延性,且随着腐蚀时间的增加,硫酸盐干湿循环作用比浸泡作用下对GFRP管混凝土短柱造成的缺陷更多,GFRP管与混凝土协同作用略微降低。

临港公铁两用长江大桥主桥桥塔施工关键技术

川南城际铁路临港公铁两用长江大桥主桥为主跨522 m双塔双索面钢箱梁斜拉桥,桥塔为钻石形钢筋混凝土结构,塔高250.8 m,设中、下横梁各1道及上横梁2道。桥塔采用液压爬模施工,其中下塔柱与下横梁采用同步施工;中、上塔柱与中、上横梁及连接板采用异步施工。在中、上塔柱施工时,中、上塔柱间设置6道主动横撑,解决了塔柱、横梁异步施工时内倾塔柱因自由长度过长导致其根部受力较大的问题,避免了开裂;中横梁采用附壁支架施工,设计简洁且耗材少,整体安装快速便捷,承载性能好;连接板采用无水平推力弧形拱架施工,解决了跨度大、承载力要求高的问题;风洞与上横梁采用落地式组合支架施工,既解决了狭小空间内部支撑构件的安拆问题,又满足承载力强、稳定性高、风险小的要求。

混掺高延性纤维混凝土组合十字形短柱抗震性能研究

为改善钢筋混凝土十字形短柱的抗震性能,将高延性纤维混凝土用于十字形短柱底部。通过对混掺高延性纤维混凝土组合十字形短柱(R/ECC)和普通钢筋混凝土十字形对比柱(RC)进行拟静力试验,分析其裂缝开展模式、破坏形态、滞回性能、延性、耗能能力和刚度退化等,研究混掺高延性纤维混凝土对十字形短柱抗震性能的提升作用。结果表明,在十字形短柱底部采用混掺高延性纤维混凝土,可有效控制裂缝的开展,减小裂缝宽度,改善柱底混凝土的压溃剥落状态;短柱的延性和耗能能力明显提高,刚度退化缓慢,承载力有一定提高。相比RC柱,R/ECC柱位移延性系数、峰值点和极限点时累积滞回耗能分别提高7.3%、225.5%和44.6%,受剪承载力提高9.5%。

冻融环境下碳纤维聚合物加固混凝土施工技术研究

为进一步提高混凝土短柱在冻融环境下的力学性能,使用碳纤维增强聚合物和收缩补偿混凝土加固混凝土受压构件,以研究加固混凝土短柱施工技术。由碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)和补偿收缩自密实混凝土(ESCC)组成的加固体系对CFRP外壳施加后张应力,进一步消除应力滞后,并发挥约束作用。实验变量包括冻融循环次数、加固聚合物壳层和加固混凝土类型。试验结果表明,当冻融循环次数达到125次时,混凝土受压构件的动态弹性模量损失率达到24.8%,质量损失率为5.3%。采用收缩补偿自密实混凝土对CFRP施加后张拉应力的方法,可以显著提高混凝土受压构件的承载力,比普通混凝土的承载力分别提高了13.23%和4.22%。且当冻融循环次数增加到75次时,混凝土试件的承载力比对照组降低了5.13%。随着冻融循环次数的不断增加,混凝土试件的损坏程度也逐渐增加,与对照组相比,承载力下降了28.2%。

考虑二次受力的CFRP布加固RC梁短期挠度研究

为研究二次受力对CFRP抗弯加固混凝土梁桥短期挠度的影响,完成了5根RC简支梁在不同持载水平下的CFRP布抗弯加固试验,基于试验结果修正了现有CFRP布加固梁短期截面刚度计算公式,继而推导了考虑二次受力的加固梁短期挠度计算方法。结果表明CFRP布加固对梁屈服后的截面刚度提升较大,可达未加固梁的1.65倍;当初始荷载由未加固梁极限荷载的10%增至90%时,加固后梁的截面刚度提升幅度由6.46%降至0.80%,二次受力对正常使用阶段RC梁加固后的刚度提升有不利影响;二次受力加固梁的极限挠度相比直接加固梁分别增加了8.95%、28.31%和59.54%,表明当破坏由CFRP应变控制时,二次受力对加固梁的延性发挥有利。

型钢混凝土首节柱采用外胎架辅助安装技术研究

介绍大型科技展示类场馆项目中关于型钢混凝土结构施工的关键技术,针对不同重量、标高的型钢短柱,采用外胎架辅助安装工艺。不同于传统型钢混凝土结构施工工艺,以创新思维,利用外胎架稳定性代替柱脚锚栓,在保证结构质量及施工安全的基础上,大幅缩短混凝土二次浇筑的周期,同时具备循环使用、制作方便、使用简单等优点,有效解决了施工难题。

CFRP-钢管再生混凝土加固RC短柱轴压性能试验及有限元模拟

目的 研究碳纤维复合材料-钢管再生混凝土加固钢筋混凝土短柱的轴压性能。方法 对7根复合加固短柱以及1根未加固短柱进行轴压试验;利用有限元软件ABAQUS构建合理的模型,基于试验结果对数值模型进行验证;通过改变相应参数研究钢管厚度、钢管屈服强度和再生混凝土强度等级对复合加固短柱的影响程度,选出并修正适用于该构件的承载力计算方法。结果 复合加固作用下短柱的承载力约为原短柱的4倍,其易损部位主要发生在柱中及柱两端,增加钢管厚度,提高钢管屈服强度,提升再生混凝土强度等级均可提高短柱的极限承载力。结论 该加固方式能显著提高柱子承载力,试验值和有限元模拟值比较吻合,修正的承载力公式可以为此类构件的设计提供理论依据。

型钢UHTCC短柱的抗震性能研究

将具有良好控裂耗能能力和抗剥落性能的水泥基材料UHTCC应用于型钢混凝土SRC短柱,制作并完成了7个型钢-UHTCC(SUHTCC)短柱和1个SRC对比短柱的拟静力试验。试验主要变量为:配箍率、轴压比和翼缘栓钉布置。结果表明:UHTCC的使用可有效避免SRC短柱粘结裂缝的滋生,减缓剪切主裂缝的扩展,能够将SRC短柱的脆性剪切粘结混合破坏模式转变为延性较好的剪切破坏模式,大幅提升短柱的震后完整性;对SUHTCC短柱,增大配箍率对承载力几乎没有影响,但需确保箍筋最大间距以延缓粘结破坏,高配箍率的试件能显示出较好的峰后滞回曲线,具有较高的极限变形和耗能;轴压比对抗震破坏形态和力学性能影响较小,高轴压比下依然拥有较高的大变形能力和良好的抗震耗能;与型钢翼缘没有布置栓钉的SUHTCC试件相比,布置栓钉的SUHTCC短柱表现出更为饱满的峰前抗震滞回曲线,对峰前行为的影响较为显著,但峰后破坏加快导致延性降低。最后采用3种不同规范对SUHTCC短柱受剪承载力进行了预测,初步验证了现行JGJ138-2016规范受剪承载力计算公式的适用性,并对SUHTCC短柱的剪切变形进行了定量分析,讨论了各参数对剪切变形的限制能力。

玄武岩纤维与碳纤维加固短柱抗震试验研究

对5根采用玄武岩纤维布和碳纤维布加固的混凝土短柱和1根对比柱进行了低周反复荷载试验.试验表明,玄武岩纤维布环向包裹加固能显著改变混凝土短柱的破坏形态,提高混凝土短柱的抗剪承载力、延性和耗能能力.相同工况下,玄武岩纤维布加固短柱的抗震性能与碳纤维布加固的短柱相近.玄武岩纤维布因低廉的价格和较好的综合力学性能,在抗震加固领域将有较好的应用前景.