The Fuzziness Principles of Language Teaching and Its Applications in Second Language Learning

Fuzziness is the nature of language. If the students can make full use of the fuzziness in language, their communicative competence will be greatly improved. So the fuzziness principles are advanced here to guide language teaching, which are the principle of tolerance ambiguity and the principle of active selection. And teachers should try to cultivate the students＇ cognitive learning style of inference, guessing, and association. In this way the students＇ communicative competence of using L2 will be improved.

Analysis of the Current Situation of Spoken Foreign Language Teaching and Learning in Ethnic Regions

With the enhancement of friendship between different nations, foreign language learning has become more and more important. In particular, spoken language is playing a vital role in foreign language learning and practice. In order to improve foreign language teaching and learning proficiency in ethnic regions, the author analyses the current situation of spoken foreign language teaching and learning in ethnic regions and suggests some ways to solve the existing problems.

Preview Plays an Important Role in Language Learning as well as Teaching

The author will show one an effective learning approach --- preview, which will benefit both students and teachers. ＂Compensation and teaching efficiency＂, ＂preview as a means to encourage students＂ and ＂development of self-study ability＂ are the three advantages of preview. There are four techniques of preview, which are ＂direct preview＂, ＂focal preview＂, ＂preview combined with exercises＂ and ＂preview intended to foster comprehension and aid consolidation＂. One will find out how to preview and what kind of benefits one will get from this paper.

FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AS A MODEL FOR SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION: THE TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE APPROACH IN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING AND TEACHING

L1 and L2 acquisition, in some respects, are similar. Language development in children goes hand in hand with physical and cognitive development. Children learn their first language by imitation, but not always and not only by imitation. There seems to be some "innate capacities" that make children start to speak at the same time they do and in the way they do it. Adults learning a second language usually are controlled more by their motivation. But language input is important for both L1 and L2 acquisition. Though there are differences between CL1 and between CL2 and AL2, the way in which these learners acquire some of the grammatical morphemes is similar. This, together with some other evidence, shows that it is not only children who can acquire language. Adults can also acquire a language. But when adults acquire a language, they should also learn it. Some of the ways in which children acquire their language can be used as a model for L2 acquisition, even for Chinese students whose language is unrelated to English and whose culture is different. Learning the culture of the English-speaking countries will benefit the learning of the language. Like children, listening should also be well in advance of speaking in L2 acquisition. To train listening comprehension skills, Asher’s TPR approach proves more effective. TPR approach is at the moment limited to the beginning stage only. In order for students to gain all the five skills in a second language learning, namely, listening, speaking, reading, writing, and interpreting/translating, other methods should be used at the same time, or at later stages.

Positive effects of native language in the foreign language learning and teaching

Native language has been rejected for a long time in the foreign language class, which results from a misunderstanding to native language transfer by most teachers. Actually, it is an effective learning strategy to complete the communication task under the help of native language, which should be acknowledged. Using native language to explain specific words or grammar rules can take advantage of the limited class-time efficiently and increase the class efficiency; using native language to discuss teaching method and solve the problems for the students can promote their enthusiasm. In these specific teaching processes, native language is an important teaching resource. Instances identify that native language has positive effects in the foreign language learning and teaching and it should have its own standpoint.

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING

Individual differences in foreign language learning have long been the concern of linguists and language teachers. Researches on this subject have been carried out in schools, universities and other educational institutions and great achievements have been made. As it is, there are many individual differences which affect the learning of foreign languages, such as intelligence, aptitude, motivation, personality, attitude,

Learning transfer and its enlightenment on tasked-based language teaching

With the development of cognitive psychology, the cognitive mechanism of learning transfer has recently become the focus in the general field of cognitive psychology. Based on the same theory, tasked based language teaching has become more and more popular. This thesis first analyzes the various factors which affect foreign language learning, then introduces some useful teaching strategies with an aim to help students get an efficient transfer of language knowledge and communicative competence in the context of tasked-based language teaching.

Blended Learning in a Foreign Language Teaching

Foreign language classes using blended learning take place in a classroom and on an educational platform （i.e., Moodle）. Working this way is meant to help in the process of learning a language and not to replace the traditional method. Using the platform allows preparation of fully distant learning courses as well as preparing areas that allow providing the learners with materials that are complementary to the main course （face-to-face）. Virtual Learning Environment （VLE） is nowadays a very popular tool in teaching not only English （although it is the most popular language in Poland）, but other foreign languages such as Russian or German. This paper focuses on some methodological aspects of preparing： （1） distant learning language courses that are complementary to the whole English language course and （2） complementary areas （consultations） in Russian and German. In both cases the author shows components that are essential for the success of the teaching process

Models for Teaching Culture in Computer-Assisted Language Learning

CALL （computer-assisted language learning） has tremendously transformed the teaching of language, with its wide application in many aspects of language teaching. However, how to integrate CALL into the teaching of culture is still rarely discussed. The purpose of the paper is to explore feasible models for teaching culture in CALL and their effects on students＇ acquisition process. Based on two fundamental pedagogical approaches （participatory pedagogy and multiliteracies pedagogy） for teaching culture, this paper proposes three pedagogical models （problem-posing model, web-quest model, and computer-supported collaborative learning model） for teaching culture in CALL. In the end, this paper illustrates a combination of the three models in real CALL setting by a cultural teaching case. A questionnaire survey and interviews are conducted to reflect on students＇ feedback, which gives an insight into possible adjustments in teaching models and the paper also proposes future possibilities in applying these models into teaching culture

Compositional Grounded Language for Agent Communication in Reinforcement Learning Environment

In a context of constant evolution of technologies for scientific,economic and social purposes,Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Internet of Things(IoT)have seen significant progress over the past few years.As much as Human-Machine interactions are needed and tasks automation is undeniable,it is important that electronic devices(computers,cars,sensors…)could also communicate with humans just as well as they communicate together.The emergence of automated training and neural networks marked the beginning of a new conversational capability for the machines,illustrated with chat-bots.Nonetheless,using this technology is not sufficient,as they often give inappropriate or unrelated answers,usually when the subject changes.To improve this technology,the problem of defining a communication language constructed from scratch is addressed,in the intention to give machines the possibility to create a new and adapted exchange channel between them.Equipping each machine with a sound emitting system which accompany each individual or collective goal accomplishment,the convergence toward a common“language”is analyzed,exactly as it is supposed to have happened for humans in the past.By constraining the language to satisfy the two main human language properties of being ground-based and of compositionality,rapidly converging evolution of syntactic communication is obtained,opening the way of a meaningful language between machines.

Motivation in Second Language Learning and English Teaching

It is believed that individual learner variables influence learning outcomes.Thevariables have been categorized into cognitive variables,affective variables and personality var-iables.Of affective variables,motivation has been thought to play a most important role in L2learning.Therefore,a further study of motivation can really help a lotin English teaching.Thearticle states the information of motivation and its influence on English language teaching.

EFL Teaching from the Perspective of Computer Assisted Language learning

Authors of papers to proceedings have to type these in a form suitable for direct photographic reproduction by the publisher. In order to ensure uniform style throughout the volume, all the papers have to be prepared strictly according to the instructions set below. A laser printer should be used to print the text. The publisher will reduce the camera-ready copy to 75% and print it in black only. For the convenience of the authors template files for MS Word 6.0 （and higher） are provided. In recent years, computer-assisted language learning （CALL） is widely used in College English teaching, it has played a positive role in improving the promotion of the quality of teaching. In this paper, itdiscussed CALL in terms of the specific application of curricular and extra-curricular.

Sociocultural Factors and Foreign Language Learning and Teaching

Issues caused by different social cultures A clulture has a close connection with a particular language and plays an improtant role in the learn-ing and teaching of it.As we know,every nation has its own culture and the cultures of nations of theworld,generally,are different from each other.Owing to the disparities in culture,to people whospeak different languages,a word or phrase used to express good intention may surprise or irritate peo-ple;a common sentence can sometimes amuse one person greatly and cause laughter,but‘strange e-nough’,it can be too,dull enough in the eyes of another person with different culture background.

A Critical Review on Language Learning Strategies and Implications for College English Teaching

This paper reviews the current developments of language learning strategy researches in the world, both approval and critical voices on the issue of strategy instruction. Then it summarizes the current developments of learning strategy instruction in China. It indicates college English teachers should model learning strategy and make the instruction explicit. Students are advised to be active in seeking for strategies suitable for themselves through their own exploration and reflection.

How to Be a Critically Reflective Teacher in Language Teaching and Learning

The article holds that a critically reflective teacher has an important role to play in language teaching and learning process. Several samples of critically reflective teachers are introduced in the article to show that critically reflective teachers should be enthusiastic, creative and informative in language teaching and learning.

Cooperative Language Learning in Teaching Proficiency through Reading and Storytelling

TPRS(Teaching Proficiency through Reading and Storytelling)is becoming widely recognized and implemented in K-12 language classrooms across the nation.Cooperative language learning structures interactive group work for learners’language development.In communicative language classrooms,cooperative learning can be implemented in TPRS to encourage students’interaction and communication in collaborative tasks.This article explores the application of cooperative language learning in the TPRS Chinese classroom.Specific teaching methods are discussed in each step of TPRS,including establishing meaning,story asking,and story reading.Cooperative language learning in TPRS increases students’engagement and motivation in language learning and promotes their language acquisition and intercultural awareness for communicative competence in a diverse society.

Learning Strategy Training in Foreign Language Teaching

A great many recent studies have shown that making good use of learning strategies can contribute much to students' foreign language learning. This paper deals with some important issues about strategy training based on O'Malley and Chamot's theory, including the concept, value and goals of strategy training and approaches to such training.

Autonomous and Incidental Learning of Vocabulary Through Task-based Language Teaching

This study mainly discussed the effects of three tasks of translating authentic business report on L2 vocabulary learning.160 students were chosen from different majors by a pre-task proficiency test.The findings revealed that task 3 was the optimum task in vo-cabulary gain and direct vocabulary learning had a more facilitated power than incidental vocabulary learning in this translation task forthe learners with the lowest level of vocabulary.This study also suggested that the caution of need and evaluation needed to be adjustedand paid for the learners with the lowest vocabulary level.

A Brief Study of Second Language Learning Strategies From the Perspective of Error Analysis

Language teaching is not a one-way process.It interacts with language learning in an extremely intricate way.To improve language teaching,we need to take the process of language learning into account.This paper tries to explore and understand what strategies the second language learners consciously or subconsciously adopt during their language learning process through the analyses of the linguistic errors they commit,so as to provide some insights into language teaching practice.

The Differences between Chinese and American Language and Culture and Its Implications for College Language Teaching and Learning

Chinese and American language and culture differ from each other in five ways as Hypotactic language vs. Paratactic language, Analytical thinking vs. Synthetic thinking, Direct thinking vs. Indirect thinking, Individualism vs. Collectivism and Ethics-based vs. Legislation-based. Their implications for college language teaching and learning are worth our attention.