Illegal Logging and Related Trade: Who Combat It as Legal Subjects?

Issue on illegal logging and related trade is a hot topic for the international community. It has brought the negative effects to the sustainable development on global society, economy and ecology, which is also one of the main objectives of international cooperation to combat with. At present, subjects of international law play a decisive role in combating illegal logging and related trade. The subjects of international law generally refer to states, intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and part of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), which can have an independent international legal personality, enjoy rights and assume obligations of international law. As a responsible big country of the international community and state member of intergovernmental organizations and international treaties of forest resources protection, China ought to fully perform the obligations of international law. In face of illegal logging and related trade around the world, China should rationally tackle with it, resolutely crack down on it, and finally choose the sustainable development strategy based on rule of law.

Spatial Interaction Network Analysis of Crude Oil Trade Relations between Countries along the Belt and Road

Based on the theories and methods of complex network,crude oil trade flows between countries along the Belt and Road(B&R,hereafter)are inserted into the Geo-space of B&R and form a spatial interaction network which takes the countries as nodes and takes the trade relations as edges.The networked mining and evolution analysis can provide important references for the research on trade relations among the B&R countries and the formulation of trade policy.This paper researches and discusses the construction,statistical analysis,top networks and stability of the crude oil trade network between the B&R countries from 2001 to 2020 from the perspectives of Geo-Computation for Social Sciences(GCSS)and spatial interaction.Firstly,evolutions of out-degree,in-degree,out-strength and in-strength of the top 10 countries in the crude oil trade network are computed and analyzed.Secondly,the top network method is used to explore the evolution characteristics of hierarchical structures.And finally,the sequential evolution characteristics of the crude oil trade network stability are analyzed utilizing the network stability measure method based on the trade relationship autocorrelation function.The analysis results show that Russia has the largest out-degree and out-strength,and China has the largest in-degree and in-strength.The crude oil trade volume of the top 10 import and export networks between 2001—2020 accounts for over 90%of the total trade volume of the crude oil trade network,and the proportion remains relatively stable.However,the stability of the network showed strong fluctuations in 2009,2012 and 2014,which may be closely related to major international events in these years,which could furtherly be used to build a correlation model between network volatility and major events.This paper explores how to construct and analyze the spatial interaction network of crude oil trade and can provide references for trade relations research and trade policy formulation of B&R countries.

Beijing's Foreign Economic Relations and Trade

Beijing’s foreign economic relations and trade in 1993 surpassed that of 1992, and remarkable breakthroughs were made during the last year in the utilization of foreign capital, export volume and foreign exchange earnings, and the construction of development zones, according to Mr Zhang Xuequn, the Deputy Director of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade Commission of the Beijing Municipal Government. The robust development

Sino-ASEAN Economic and Trade Relations

China and the ASEAN (including Thailand, the Philippine, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and Brunei) are all situated in the Asia Pacific region and are friendly neighbours. China’s economic and trade relationship with these countries has taken on a brand new aspect. In the last few years, frequent exchange at high levels between China and eastern countries has strengthened mutual understanding and economic

Beijing's Steady Growth in Foreign Economic Relations and Trade

In 1995,Beijing’s foreign economic andtrade sector continued to deepen itsrestructuring,give play to its advantagesand overcome its difficulties,and maintainedsustained development in foreign trade,theutilization of foreign investment and foreigncooperation. The year 1995 saw an import andexport volume of US＄4.23 billion,5.4 percentup from the previous year,including animport volume of US＄1.74 billion,down 8percent,exports of US＄2.49 billion,17.3percent up from the previous year,whichsurpasses the required US＄2.3 billion ofexports by the municipal government.Specialforeign trade companies and industrial andtrade companies had exports of US＄1.441billion,4.8 percent up from the previousyear,accounting for 57.9 percent of the

Sino-South Korea Trade Relations

Trade relations between China's Mainland and the Peninsula of Korea date back 1000 years. The advantage of geography and historical, cultural origins are now more tempting while regional cooperation has become more and more important. Fifteen years ago, indirect trade started between China and South Korea. Direct non-governmental trade began

China-U.S. Relations and International Trade

Dr.Elliot Feldman on April 15,2010 presented the following speech at AmCham-China's Conference of the Asia-Pacific Council of American Chambers of Commerce(APCAC).With his kind approval,China Textile publishes his study and views focused on the title as captioned above.The article expresses the author's own stance.

Bangladesh State Minister for Textiles & Jute hopeful of better trade relation with India

Completing 4 decades of successful service to Textile engineering Industry,India ITME Society lead a delegation to Bangladesh on 19th July 2016despite the disturbances and security concerns in Dhaka.This is the first ever official delegation to Bangladesh by India ITME Society and Chairman Mr.Sanjiv Lathia was joined by Seema Srivastava,Exe.Director,Shekhar Shridhankar Jt.Director along with participants of ITME2016,ITEMA S.p.A,ITALY,Duratech Automation Pvt.Ltd.,CHTC

产品相关性、贸易国关联与中国贸易多元化

从产品空间理论和新经济地理学的角度,基于1995—2017年全球贸易数据,探究出口产品间的相关性、进口国家间关联与出口国家间关联在中国拓展贸易产品和市场范围过程中的影响。研究结果显示,产品相关性、进口国关联度和出口国关联度对中国出口多元化均具有促进作用。进一步分产品类别的检验结果显示,随着产品复杂度的升高,产品相关性对贸易的促进作用越来越弱,在高复杂度的产品中,出口国关联度对贸易扩展产生了相反的抑制效应。从出口贸易的特征分析,可以认为中国当前处在国际分工的相对低端环节,出口结构存在一定缺陷;地理邻近的国家间不仅存在着交流与合作,也存在着竞争和挤出。应当沿着相关性原则推动贸易多元化进程,基于现有产品优化出口结构,以邻为鉴,建立更多贸易关系,提高知识技术密集型产品的出口规模和生产能力,向高端产业转型,始终保持开放的姿态,与世界各国保持对话和交流。

China's Trade Acceleration and the Deepening of an East Asian Regional Production Network

China＇s recent surge in trade has been associated with its deepening but contrasting trade relations with its two groups of key trading partners. On the one hand, China＇ s trade surpluses with the USA and the EU have risen rapidly, reaching US$144bn and US$91bn in 2006, respectively. On the other hand, China is importing heavily from its Asian neighbors. This diverging pattern of trade relations between China and its main trading partners reflects the continuous expansion and intensification of a complex cross-border production network in Asia, particularly for consumer electronics. In the process of deepening manufacturing sharing, China serves as an essential export platform for firms headquartered in the more advanced economies. These firms export intermediate goods from the relatively more advanced Asian economies to their affiliates in China where these inputs are assembled and then shipped to key export markets, including primarily the USA and the EU. One apparent outcome of the growing processing and assembly trade is the increased interdependency among Asian economies, which are now more dependent on each other than ever. It has also led to substantial structural changes and technological upgrading in China＇ s traded goods.

Political Economy of US Trade Policy towards China

The trade relationship between China and the USA has become increasingly important to the economies of both countries. The recent trade conflicts and friction between China and the USA constitute obstacles in the way of US-Chinese bilateral trade relationship development, which is of considerable concern to both countries. Through an in-depth analysis of the political process of US trade policy towards China, the present paper identifies the important determinants of US trade policy towards China. The influence of US trade policy on the trade relationship between the USA and China is assessed and implications for the trade relationship between the USA and China are discussed.

Open to Trade China-South Africa trade relations are alive with possibilities

In recent years, economic and trade relations between China and Africa have seen rapid development. As Africa’s largest trading partner, China’s trade relations with South Africa, the continent’s most potent economy, are an integral part of this

中国对外贸易产品空间路径演化

地区经济发展与其生产结构紧密相联。演化经济地理学认为,地区生产结构的演化受技术关联的影响,是一个路径依赖过程;一些研究也认为产业和区域政策等因素可能创造新路径,实现路径突破。本文沿用Hidalgo等定义的贸易产品空间方法,基于2001-2013年中国31个省区市的产品贸易数据,对中国出口产品空间(Product Space)的演化路径进行探讨。结果发现:中国四大区域—东部、中部、西部和东北地区的出口产品经历了较为明显的结构转型,不同区域的转型方向与路径各异。在2001-2007年间,四大区域的出口产品空间演化受到技术关联的显著影响,体现为路径依赖的过程。在2008-2013年间,东部、中部与东北地区的产品空间演化仍受技术关联的影响,而西部地区则更多受到产业和区域政策的推动,体现了路径突破的演化过程。本文研究启示,虽然中国区域生产结构演化一定程度上受制于现有区域能力、技术和知识积累,但是区域性制度政策创新可以突破原有路径,为区域发展创造新的机会。

中国电子机械制造业产品内出口贸易空间布局

电子机械制造业产品在中国对外贸易中占有重要地位,以产品内贸易视角研究其出口空间布局有助于剖析中国出口体系结构特征。在区分中间、最终产品,一般、加工贸易的前提下,本文观察了出口所在地和目的国两个维度中国电子机械制造业产品出口企业空间布局,并基于技术关联探讨了其动态演化的驱动因素。结果如下:①在全国层面,除加工贸易最终产品外,一般贸易中间产品、加工贸易中间产品和一般贸易最终产品与某地产品结构的技术关联程度越高,对应的出口企业越可能到该地进行出口。在东部地区,上述关系在4类产品中均存在,而在中部和西部地区,其只存在于一般贸易产品。②一般贸易产品与某国从中国进口的产品结构技术关联程度越高,对应企业越倾向于出口到该国。但依据收入水平将目的国分组后,这种促进关系在高收入国家中不存在。加工贸易产品出口企业目的国布局与对应技术关联程度无明显关系。

中国电子机械制造业出口产品贸易网络研究——基于产品内分工与贸易视角

在区分中间/最终产品、一般/加工贸易后,描述了中国电子机械制造业出口产品贸易网络,并探讨了出口经验和产品关联如何影响企业进入网络从事出口和拓展优势贸易伙伴。结果表明:(1)出口地、目的国、出口地—目的国维度出口经验和产品关联可以显著地促进4种电子机械制造业产品企业进入特定贸易网络进行出口。(2)在位出口企业扩展优势伙伴方面,出口地—目的国维度出口经验对4种企业均有促进作用;目的国出口经验、出口地产品关联的促进作用集中在中间产品企业;出口地出口经验则集中在一般贸易企业。