This paper examines the sorts of interactional competencies and institutional demands required from students as they engage in complex forms of participation combining work and training purposes.It focuses on a series...This paper examines the sorts of interactional competencies and institutional demands required from students as they engage in complex forms of participation combining work and training purposes.It focuses on a series of empirical cases,recorded through video data and analyzed from a conversation analytic perspective,in which mentors make the decision to intervene during work sessions moderated by students.Such interventions do not interrupt the student’s activity and lead to the emergence of two distinct but not impermeable interactional spaces.This complex participation framework,known as“schisming,”contributes to overcoming practical issues within multiparty settings.Our study shows how schisming constitutes a particular sequential phenomenon where participants reorganize the interaction and co-construct a social and cognitive interactional space,thus enabling a shared understanding of the specific training context.Empirical data from the practical training of medical radiographers are used to illustrate how schisming may contribute to learning in the conditions of guided practice.展开更多
BACKGROUND mTOR gene is a key component of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway,and its dysregulation is associated with various diseases.Several studies have demonstrated that tea drinking is a protective factor again...BACKGROUND mTOR gene is a key component of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway,and its dysregulation is associated with various diseases.Several studies have demonstrated that tea drinking is a protective factor against tuberculosis(TB).This study was designed to explore five single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of mTOR in the Han population of China to determine how their interactions with tea drinking affect susceptibility to TB.AIM To investigate if the polymorphisms of mTOR gene and the gene-tea interaction are associated with susceptibility to TB.METHODS In this case-control study,503 patients with TB and 494 healthy controls were enrolled by a stratified sampling method.The cases were newly registered TB patients from the county-level centers for disease control and prevention,and the healthy controls were permanent residents from Xin'ansi Community,Changsha city.Demographic data and environmental exposure information including tea drinking were obtained from the study participants.We genotyped five potentially functional SNP sites(rs2295080,rs2024627,rs1057079,rs12137958,and rs7525957)of mTOR gene and assessed their associations with the risk of TB using logistic regression analysis,and marginal structural linear odds models were used to estimate the gene-environment interactions.RESULTS The frequencies of four SNPs(rs2295080,rs2024627,rs1057079,and rs7525957)were found to be associated with susceptibility to TB(P<0.05).Genotypes GT(OR 1.334),GG(OR 2.224),and GT+GG(OR 1.403)at rs2295080;genotypes CT(OR 1.562)and CT+TT(OR 1.578)at rs2024627,genotypes CT(OR 1.597),CC(OR 2.858),and CT+CC(OR 1.682)at rs1057079;and genotypes CT(OR 1.559)and CT+CC(OR 1.568)at rs7525957 of mTOR gene were significantly more prevalent in TB patients than in healthy controls.The relative excess risk of interaction between the four SNPs(rs2295080,rs2024627,rs1057079,and rs7525957)of mTOR genes and tea drinking were found to be-1.5187(95%CI:-1.9826,-1.0547,P<0.05),-1.8270(95%CI:-2.3587,-1.2952,P<0.05),-2.3246(95%CI:-2.9417,-1.7076,P<0.05)and-0.4235(95%CI:-0.7756,-0.0714,P<0.05),respectively,which suggest negative interactions.CONCLUSION The polymorphisms of mTOR(rs2295080,rs2024627,rs1057079,and rs7525957)are associated with susceptibility to TB,and there is a negative interaction between each of the four SNPs and tea drinking.展开更多
Magnetic exchange interactions(MEIs) define networks of coupled magnetic moments and lead to a surprisingly rich variety of their magnetic properties. Typically MEIs can be estimated by fitting experimental results.Un...Magnetic exchange interactions(MEIs) define networks of coupled magnetic moments and lead to a surprisingly rich variety of their magnetic properties. Typically MEIs can be estimated by fitting experimental results.Unfortunately, how many MEIs need to be included in the fitting process for a material is unclear a priori,which limits the results obtained by these conventional methods. Based on linear spin-wave theory but without performing matrix diagonalization, we show that for a general quadratic spin Hamiltonian, there is a simple relation between the Fourier transform of MEIs and the sum of square of magnon energies(SSME). We further show that according to the real-space distance range within which MEIs are considered relevant, one can obtain the corresponding relationships between SSME in momentum space. By directly utilizing these characteristics and the experimental magnon energies at only a few high-symmetry k points in the Brillouin zone, one can obtain strong constraints about the range of exchange path beyond which MEIs can be safely neglected. Our methodology is also generally applicable for other Hamiltonian with quadratic Fermi or Boson operators.展开更多
Less attention has been given to soil enzymes that contribute to beneficial rhizosphere interactions in intercropping systems.Therefore,we performed a field experiment by growing faba bean,lupine,and maize in mono and...Less attention has been given to soil enzymes that contribute to beneficial rhizosphere interactions in intercropping systems.Therefore,we performed a field experiment by growing faba bean,lupine,and maize in mono and mixed cultures in a moderately fertile soil.We measured shoot biomass and the kinetic parameters(maximal velocity(V max)and Michaelis-constant(K m))of three key enzymes in the rhizosphere:Leucine-aminopeptidase(LAP),β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase(NAG),and phosphomonoesterase(PHO).Faba bean benefitted in mixed cultures by greater shoot biomass production with both maize and lupine compared to its expected biomass in monoculture.Next,LAP and NAG kinetic parameters were less responsive to mono and mixed cultures across the crop species.In contrast,both the V max and K m values of PHO increased in the faba bean rhizosphere when grown in mixed cultures with maize and lupine.A positive relative interaction index for shoot P and N uptake for faba bean showed its net facilitative interactions in the mixed cultures.Overall,these results suggest that over-productivity in intercropping is crop-specific and the positive intercropping effects could be modulated by P availability.We argue that the enzyme activities involved in nutrient cycling should be incorporated in further research.展开更多
The rapid growth of structured data has presented new technological challenges in the research fields of big data and relational database. In this paper, we present an efficient system for managing and analyzing PB le...The rapid growth of structured data has presented new technological challenges in the research fields of big data and relational database. In this paper, we present an efficient system for managing and analyzing PB level structured data called Banian. Banian overcomes the storage structure limitation of relational database and effectively integrates interactive query with large-scale storage management. It provides a uniform query interface for cross-platform datasets and thus shows favorable compatibility and scalability. Banian's system architecture mainly includes three layers:(1) a storage layer using HDFS for the distributed storage of massive data;(2) a scheduling and execution layer employing the splitting and scheduling technology of parallel database; and(3)an application layer providing a cross-platform query interface and supporting standard SQL. We evaluate Banian using PB level Internet data and the TPC-H benchmark. The results show that when compared with Hive, Banian improves the query performance to a maximum of 30 times and achieves better scalability and concurrency.展开更多
文摘This paper examines the sorts of interactional competencies and institutional demands required from students as they engage in complex forms of participation combining work and training purposes.It focuses on a series of empirical cases,recorded through video data and analyzed from a conversation analytic perspective,in which mentors make the decision to intervene during work sessions moderated by students.Such interventions do not interrupt the student’s activity and lead to the emergence of two distinct but not impermeable interactional spaces.This complex participation framework,known as“schisming,”contributes to overcoming practical issues within multiparty settings.Our study shows how schisming constitutes a particular sequential phenomenon where participants reorganize the interaction and co-construct a social and cognitive interactional space,thus enabling a shared understanding of the specific training context.Empirical data from the practical training of medical radiographers are used to illustrate how schisming may contribute to learning in the conditions of guided practice.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81803298and Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation,No.2020JJ4762.
文摘BACKGROUND mTOR gene is a key component of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway,and its dysregulation is associated with various diseases.Several studies have demonstrated that tea drinking is a protective factor against tuberculosis(TB).This study was designed to explore five single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of mTOR in the Han population of China to determine how their interactions with tea drinking affect susceptibility to TB.AIM To investigate if the polymorphisms of mTOR gene and the gene-tea interaction are associated with susceptibility to TB.METHODS In this case-control study,503 patients with TB and 494 healthy controls were enrolled by a stratified sampling method.The cases were newly registered TB patients from the county-level centers for disease control and prevention,and the healthy controls were permanent residents from Xin'ansi Community,Changsha city.Demographic data and environmental exposure information including tea drinking were obtained from the study participants.We genotyped five potentially functional SNP sites(rs2295080,rs2024627,rs1057079,rs12137958,and rs7525957)of mTOR gene and assessed their associations with the risk of TB using logistic regression analysis,and marginal structural linear odds models were used to estimate the gene-environment interactions.RESULTS The frequencies of four SNPs(rs2295080,rs2024627,rs1057079,and rs7525957)were found to be associated with susceptibility to TB(P<0.05).Genotypes GT(OR 1.334),GG(OR 2.224),and GT+GG(OR 1.403)at rs2295080;genotypes CT(OR 1.562)and CT+TT(OR 1.578)at rs2024627,genotypes CT(OR 1.597),CC(OR 2.858),and CT+CC(OR 1.682)at rs1057079;and genotypes CT(OR 1.559)and CT+CC(OR 1.568)at rs7525957 of mTOR gene were significantly more prevalent in TB patients than in healthy controls.The relative excess risk of interaction between the four SNPs(rs2295080,rs2024627,rs1057079,and rs7525957)of mTOR genes and tea drinking were found to be-1.5187(95%CI:-1.9826,-1.0547,P<0.05),-1.8270(95%CI:-2.3587,-1.2952,P<0.05),-2.3246(95%CI:-2.9417,-1.7076,P<0.05)and-0.4235(95%CI:-0.7756,-0.0714,P<0.05),respectively,which suggest negative interactions.CONCLUSION The polymorphisms of mTOR(rs2295080,rs2024627,rs1057079,and rs7525957)are associated with susceptibility to TB,and there is a negative interaction between each of the four SNPs and tea drinking.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11834006, 12004170, and 12104215)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China (Grant No. BK20200326)+1 种基金the Excellent Programme in Nanjing Universitythe support from the Tencent Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE。
文摘Magnetic exchange interactions(MEIs) define networks of coupled magnetic moments and lead to a surprisingly rich variety of their magnetic properties. Typically MEIs can be estimated by fitting experimental results.Unfortunately, how many MEIs need to be included in the fitting process for a material is unclear a priori,which limits the results obtained by these conventional methods. Based on linear spin-wave theory but without performing matrix diagonalization, we show that for a general quadratic spin Hamiltonian, there is a simple relation between the Fourier transform of MEIs and the sum of square of magnon energies(SSME). We further show that according to the real-space distance range within which MEIs are considered relevant, one can obtain the corresponding relationships between SSME in momentum space. By directly utilizing these characteristics and the experimental magnon energies at only a few high-symmetry k points in the Brillouin zone, one can obtain strong constraints about the range of exchange path beyond which MEIs can be safely neglected. Our methodology is also generally applicable for other Hamiltonian with quadratic Fermi or Boson operators.
文摘Less attention has been given to soil enzymes that contribute to beneficial rhizosphere interactions in intercropping systems.Therefore,we performed a field experiment by growing faba bean,lupine,and maize in mono and mixed cultures in a moderately fertile soil.We measured shoot biomass and the kinetic parameters(maximal velocity(V max)and Michaelis-constant(K m))of three key enzymes in the rhizosphere:Leucine-aminopeptidase(LAP),β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase(NAG),and phosphomonoesterase(PHO).Faba bean benefitted in mixed cultures by greater shoot biomass production with both maize and lupine compared to its expected biomass in monoculture.Next,LAP and NAG kinetic parameters were less responsive to mono and mixed cultures across the crop species.In contrast,both the V max and K m values of PHO increased in the faba bean rhizosphere when grown in mixed cultures with maize and lupine.A positive relative interaction index for shoot P and N uptake for faba bean showed its net facilitative interactions in the mixed cultures.Overall,these results suggest that over-productivity in intercropping is crop-specific and the positive intercropping effects could be modulated by P availability.We argue that the enzyme activities involved in nutrient cycling should be incorporated in further research.
基金supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development (863) Program of China (No. 2012AA012609)
文摘The rapid growth of structured data has presented new technological challenges in the research fields of big data and relational database. In this paper, we present an efficient system for managing and analyzing PB level structured data called Banian. Banian overcomes the storage structure limitation of relational database and effectively integrates interactive query with large-scale storage management. It provides a uniform query interface for cross-platform datasets and thus shows favorable compatibility and scalability. Banian's system architecture mainly includes three layers:(1) a storage layer using HDFS for the distributed storage of massive data;(2) a scheduling and execution layer employing the splitting and scheduling technology of parallel database; and(3)an application layer providing a cross-platform query interface and supporting standard SQL. We evaluate Banian using PB level Internet data and the TPC-H benchmark. The results show that when compared with Hive, Banian improves the query performance to a maximum of 30 times and achieves better scalability and concurrency.