From Cooperation to Confrontation:The Collapse of the Reform Concept Led by Austria-Hungary and Russia in Macedonia(1903-1908)

As two major Great Powers in the geopolitics of the Balkans,the relationship between Austria-Hungary and Russia directly affected the stability of the political situation in Europe and the Balkans.At the beginning of the 20th century,the Austro-Russian cooperation dominated the Macedonian reforms,but with the deepening of the reforms,the structural contradictions between the two countries were fully exposed,and the original cooperative relationship went to a rupture.This drastically changed relationship became an important factor in the restructuring of relations between the Great Powers and the Balkan states before the First World War.

The New Detection and the Basic Characteristics of the Structural System of Taiwan Region of China—Using the Earth Satellite's Remote-sensing Images to Explain the Structural System of Taiwan Region of China

This text uses the regional geological investigation data and the remote sensing image data of earth-satellite remote sensing to synthetically analyze the structural system of Taiwan region of China. Authors detection-marked and assurance-marked and divided 5 kinds of structural system of the Taiwan region: (1) the wreath-shaped structural system, (2) the N-N-E oriented structural system, (3) the S-N oriented structural system, (4) the N-E oriented structural system, (5) the arc-shaped structural system. Combination of the texture faces and associated method were adopted to recover and reconstruct the structural evolution sequences and the formation periods. In this paper, problems such as the development process in geology etc. are also discussed, contributing new information to research the structural field of the East Asia and its tectonic plate movements and structural actions inside the land plate .

A comparative research on built-land changes between Fujian and Taiwan provinces

Comparative study of LUCC between Fujian and Taiwan provinces could be a good case for study because of their geographical proximities and historical, cultural similarities. Fujian and Taiwan had gone through and currently are in different economic development stages. Taiwan is in the stage of post-industrialization and Fujian is in the intermediate stage of industrialization. By using the official statistics, changes of built-land in Fujian and Taiwan were analyzed in details. The results showed that these two provinces seemed to have the same characteristics of built-land changes, i.e., accelerating development, and concentrated distribution on both sides of the Taiwan Straits, forming a pattern with the economic layout of two sides acting in cooperation with eath other. If comparing different industrialized areas in Fujian with industrialized stages in Taiwan, it is clear that these two provinces seemed to have the same characteristics of synthesized index of built-land change （Lc）, i.e., which is from stabilization or comparative stabilization at the initial stages of industrialization to high expansion at the intermediate stages of industrialization, then followed by low consumption at later stages of industrialization, but the Lc of the initial and the later stages of industrialization in Taiwan were slightly higher than those in Fujian. The results from comparison on relevant indexes have shown： The industrial structure changing rate of Fujian is actually higher than that of built-land in Taiwan, but its using efficiency of regional built-land is also obviously lower than that in Taiwan in the intermediate and later stages of industrialization of Fujian. The major driving forces of the built-land changes in both provinces were analyzed in Causal Models of Path Analysis, and its result indicated that the difference in built-land changes of the two provinces is closely related to their economic development stages and industrial structure. Countermeasure for the realization of sustainable utilization of built-land in Fujian put forward in this article is to strengthen its intension and tap the latent power.

Research on the dynamic andnon-same-plane vague region relations without kernel

To remedy the defects of the existing research achievements,the dynamic vague region relations without kernel and the non-same-plane vague region relations without kernel based on the conception of the vague sets were studied systematically.The formalized definitions of the vague intersection set,the vague cut sets and vague region partition etc were given.Based on the vague sets,the eight vague region relations in the same plane and the ten vague region relations in the different plane were given.Furthermore,the coessential intersection and the heterogeneous intersection were proposed to simplify the representation for the dynamic vague region relations without kernel and the rotation-corresponding relations between the two kinds of the relations were also studied.The production in this paper laid the foundation for the applications and research of the vague region relations without kernel in the spatial database.

Does Industry-University-Research Cooperation Matter? An Analysis of Its Coupling Effect on Regional Innovation and Economic Development

The dislocation between regional innovation and economic development directly influences the economic effect of regional innovation. However, no in-depth researches have been made on how to solve this problem. Using data from Henan Province, China,employing geographical detector technology, this paper focuses on testing whether the industry-university-research cooperation can contribute to coordinating the relation between regional innovation and economic development. It is shown that: 1) the industry-universityresearch cooperation in Henan Province is increasing gradually, and the network presents a core-edge structure, and the coupling degree between regional innovation and economic development is spatially unbalanced, which is similar to the spatial distribution of the intensity of industry-university-research cooperation;2) as an important approach to effectively connect scientific researches with market demands, the industry-university-research cooperation can help form an interactive, interconnected, coupled and coordinated virtuous relation between regional innovation and economic development. Compared with the cooperation between organizations of the same type and the separate innovation of organizations, the improvement of the industry-university-research cooperation level can better coordinate the relation between regional innovation and economic development;3) the cooperative innovation model between enterprises and universities can better promote the coupling between regional innovation and economic development, compared with many industryuniversity-research cooperation models. For underdeveloped areas lacking local knowledge base, industry-university-research cooperation should be considered as a long-term development strategy, especially using the knowledge sources of external universities and scientific research institutions to enhance innovation capability and achieve economic growth.

Localization Algorithm of Indoor Wi-Fi Access Points Based on Signal Strength Relative Relationship and Region Division

Precise localization techniques for indoor Wi-Fi access points(APs)have important application in the security inspection.However,due to the interference of environment factors such as multipath propagation and NLOS(Non-Line-of-Sight),the existing methods for localization indoor Wi-Fi access points based on RSS ranging tend to have lower accuracy as the RSS(Received Signal Strength)is difficult to accurately measure.Therefore,the localization algorithm of indoor Wi-Fi access points based on the signal strength relative relationship and region division is proposed in this paper.The algorithm hierarchically divide the room where the target Wi-Fi AP is located,on the region division line,a modified signal collection device is used to measure RSS in two directions of each reference point.All RSS values are compared and the region where the RSS value has the relative largest signal strength is located as next candidate region.The location coordinate of the target Wi-Fi AP is obtained when the localization region of the target Wi-Fi AP is successively approximated until the candidate region is smaller than the accuracy threshold.There are 360 experiments carried out in this paper with 8 types of Wi-Fi APs including fixed APs and portable APs.The experimental results show that the average localization error of the proposed localization algorithm is 0.30 meters,and the minimum localization error is 0.16 meters,which is significantly higher than the localization accuracy of the existing typical indoor Wi-Fi access point localization methods.

Correlation Fractal and Multifractal Characteristics of Seismic Activity in the Taiwan Region, China

Based on the analysis of newly collected data of plate tectonics, distribution of active faults and crustal deformation, the Taiwan Region is divided into two seismic regions and six seismic belts. Then, correlation fractal dimensions of all the regions and belts are calculated, and the fractal characteristics of hypocenteral distribution can be quantitatively analyzed. Finally, multifractal dimensions D q and f(α) are calculated by using the earthquake catalog of the past 11 years in the Taiwan Region. This study indicates that (1) there exists a favorable corresponding relationship between spatial images of seismic activity described with correlation fractal dimension analysis and tectonic settings; (2) the temporal structure of earthquakes is not single but multifractal fractal, and the pattern of D q variation with time is a good indicator for predicting strong earthquake events.

Correlation analysis of longitudinal cracks and vertical deformation within asphalt pavement of cold regions

The asphalt pavement longitudinal crack is a common distress in cold regions,resulting from uneven deformation of the subgrade.Analysis of the correlation law between uneven deformation and crack distress is of positive significance for understanding the mechanism of crack initiation,and putting forward treatment measures.In view of the complexity of longitudinal crack inducement and road surface deformation,the grey relational method was used to analyze this relationship.Through long-term monitoring of the vertical deformation data of typical road sections,the vertical deformation law of the pavement surface and its deformation characteristics under the action of temperature field are analyzed.Parameters such as vertical relative deformation,vertical relative deformation rate and vertical differential deformation VDSr were constructed to describe vertical deformation characteristics.Typical distribution characteristics of longitudinal fractures and their length and distribution characteristics are also described.The grey correlation analysis theory was utilized to analyze the relationship between deformation characteristics of sections,cross sections and monitoring points and longitudinal crack characteristics(length and location).The analysis reveals a linear positive correlation or a high correlation between several indicators.This study can provide a deeper understanding of the occurrence and development mechanism of longitudinal cracks in asphalt pavement of cold areas,and give references for the research of road engineering structure,materials and distress prevention.

Spatial and Dynamic Analysis of Regional Sustainable Development Using Geographic Information System and Relative Carrying Capacity of Resources

Relative carrying capacity of resources is an index to measure sustainable development through carrying capacity. Case studies of eleven cities in Zhejiang (Hangzhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Shaoxing, Jinhua, Quzhou, Zhoushan, Taizhou and Lishui) illustrated regional sustainable development approach. In this study, to provide insight into spatial and dynamic analysis of region sustainable development, we calculated the relative carrying capacity of land resources and economical resources and synthetical carrying capacity of resources in different cities in Zhejiang, and geographic information system was carried out. The results showed that all cities but Hangzhou and Ningbo were ecologically sustainable, and relative carrying capacity of land resources in northern and eastern Zhejiang was larger than those in southern and western Zhejiang. The sampling years of Wenzhou, Hangzhou and Ningbo contribution rates of land resource to synthetic carrying capacity were grouped into three stages, and there were two milestones trends and changes in 1996 and 2004, respectively. This study demonstrated that geographic information system and relative carrying capacity of resources are effective for assessment of region sustainable development, and provide policy guidelines for decision-making.

Calculation of landslide occurrence probability in Taiwan region under different ground motion conditions

In this study,Bayesian probability method and machine learning model are used to study the real occurrence probability of earthquake-induced landslide risk in Taiwan region.The analyses were based on the 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi Earthquake,the largest earthquake in the history in this Region in a hundred years,thus can provide better control on the prediction accuracy of the model.This seismic event has detailed and complete seismic landslide inventories identified by polygons,including 9272 seismic landslide records.Taking into account the real earthquake landslide occurrence area,the difference in landslide area and the non-sliding/sliding sample ratios and other factors,a total of 13,656,000 model training samples were selected.We also considered other seismic landslide influencing factors,including elevation,slope,aspect,topographic wetness index,lithology,distance to fault,peak ground acceleration and rainfall.Bayesian probability method and machine learning model were combined to establish the multi-factor influence of earthquake landslide occurrence model.The model is then applied to the whole Taiwan region using different ground motion peak accelerations(from 0.1 g to 1.0 g with 0.1 g intervals)as a triggering factor to complete the real probability of earthquake landslide map in Taiwan under different peak ground accelerations,and the functional relationship between different Peak Ground Acceleration and their predicted area is obtained.

Quantization of Action for Elementary Particles and the Principle of Least Action

The uncertainty principle is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics, but its exact mathematical expression cannot obtain correct results when used to solve theoretical problems such as the energy levels of hydrogen atoms, one-dimensional deep potential wells, one-dimensional harmonic oscillators, and double-slit experiments. Even after approximate treatment, the results obtained are not completely consistent with those obtained by solving Schrödinger’s equation. This indicates that further research on the uncertainty principle is necessary. Therefore, using the de Broglie matter wave hypothesis, we quantize the action of an elementary particle in natural coordinates and obtain the quantization condition and a new deterministic relation. Using this quantization condition, we obtain the energy level formulas of an elementary particle in different conditions in a classical way that is completely consistent with the results obtained by solving Schrödinger’s equation. A new physical interpretation is given for the particle eigenfunction independence of probability for an elementary particle: an elementary particle is in a particle state at the space-time point where the action is quantized, and in a wave state in the rest of the space-time region. The space-time points of particle nature and the wave regions of particle motion constitute the continuous trajectory of particle motion. When an elementary particle is in a particle state, it is localized, whereas in the wave state region, it is nonlocalized.

Map of Mafic Dyke Swarms and Related Units of Russia and Adjacent Regions

Work is currently underway to produce a map in Arc GISTM 10 of the mafic dyke swarms and related units(volcanics,sills and layered intrusions)of Russia and adjacent regions at a scale of 1:5,000,000.Over the past

The Cooperation of Industrial Clusters and Regional Logistics of Shaanxi Province: An Evaluation Research

As a middle organization between enterprise organization which gains the competition advantage and eration of industrial clusters and regional logistics refers development of modern regional logistics. On the basis and market, industrial cluster is now the space industrial innovation advantage for a nation or a region. The coop- to improvement of industrial clusters＇ competitiveness and of reviewing the recent years＇ situation of Shaanxi Prov- ince＇s regional logistics and its industrial clusters, this paper analyzes positively about the supporting role of the regional logistics, builds gray relational model by choosing corresponding indicators, and carries out test of signif- icance. Finally it brings out strategic recommendations to and regional logistics enhance the level of cooperation of industrial clusters

Numerical simulation of characteristics of semidiurnal tidal waves in sea region around Taiwan

POM97, an oceanic model, has been used for the first time to the numerical study on the tidal waves of the as Regions around Taiwan. In this paper, we have got the result that the semidiurnal tidal waves of these area mainly are the co-operating tides which come from the south of 23'N of the western Pacific. Those semidiurnal tidal waves affecting the Taiwan Straits come respectively from the south and the north entrance of the channel, and the north tidal wave is stronger than the south one. The strongest tidal field is the area from the Meizhou Bay to the Xinhua Bay along the coast of Fujian Province, where the biggest amplitude of the M2 partial tide can reach 240 cm. The strongest tidal cur- rent fields lie in the Penghu watercourse, where the maximum velocity of the M2 partial tide can arrive at 196 m/s. In the horizontal structure of the tidal currets, we have found that there is a stream dot in the north of the channel, besides, there still exist four new ones. As for the vertical structure, it mainly is biassed to the right at the surface, and to the left near the bottom layer.

Dynamic Analysis of Supply and Demand Coupling of Ecosystem Services in Loess Hilly Region:A Case Study of Lanzhou,China

The relationship between the supply and demand for ecosystem services(ESs)is a key issue for the rational allocation of natural resources and optimisation of sustainable development capacity.This paper investigateed the dynamic evolution features of supply and demand of four ESs in Lanzhou of China,namely,water supply,food supply,carbon fixation and soil retention services.The crosssectional data of 2005 and 2017 were used for calculating ESs value and its supply and demand through ArcGIS software,InVEST model,elastic coefficient model and coupling coordination model.Results showed that:1)from 2005 to 2017,the supply of water supply services increased,the demand of soil retention services decreased,and the supply and demand of food supply and carbon fixation services increased.The high-value areas of service supply were mainly distributed in the rocky mountain areas in the southeast and northwest with high vegetation coverage,while the high-value areas of demand were mainly distributed in the urban areas and surrounding areas with high population density.2)There were five different types of coupling relations.Water supply service was dominated by a negative coupling type D,which means that the decrease in demand for ESs has had a positive response on the supply of ESs.Negative coupling type C was the main type of food supply and carbon fixation services,which means that the increase in demand for ESs has had a negative response on the supply of ESs.All three services were supplemented by a positive coupling type A,which means that the increase in demand for ESs has had a positive response on the supply of ESs.Soil retention service generally exhibits a positive coupling type B,which means that the decrease in demand for ESs has had a negative response on the supply of ESs.3)Over the past 12 yr,the coordination degree of supply and demand of water supply,food supply and soil retention services decreased,and the coordination degree of carbon fixation service increased.Various types of ES had a low degree of coupling and coordination,showing different characteristics of temporal and spatial evolution.The areas with imbalanced ESs supply and demand were mainly distributed in urban areas dominated by construction land.The research results are valuable to the optimisation of urban and rural ecological environments and the sustainable development of territory space under the framework of ecological civilisation,including similar ecologically vulnerable areas in other developing countries.

Experimental study of cross-section ratios in the collisions of C^(q+) and O^(q+) (q=1-4) on atomic helium in strong-interaction region

We have measured the cross-section ratios of helium induced by Cq＋ and Oq＋ （q = 1-4） in an energy range from 20 keV/amu to 500 keV/amu, and obtained the two-dimensional spectra by employing the coincidence method combined with the MPA-3 data acquisition system. Hence, we obtain the ratios of total single-ionization cross-sections （SI, SC, SLSI, and DLSI）, total double-ionization cross-sections （DI, DC, TI, SLDI, and DLDI） and cross-sections of every process （SI, SC, SLSI, DLSI, DI, DC, TI, SLDI, and DLDI）, which induce the single-ionization and double-ionization, to the total cross sections respectively. The competitive relations between the reaction-channels and the experimental data law of each reaction-channel are revealed explicitly, and the qualitative explanations involved in those results are also presented accordingly.

Spatial-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of relative humidity in arid region of Northwest China during 1966–2017

Playing an important role in global warming and plant growth,relative humidity(RH)has profound impacts on production and living,and can be used as an integrated indicator for evaluating the wet-dry conditions in the arid and semi-arid area.However,information on the spatial-temporal variation and the influencing factors of RH in these regions is still limited.This study attempted to use daily meteorological data during 1966–2017 to reveal the spatial-temporal characteristics of RH in the arid region of Northwest China through rotated empirical orthogonal function and statistical analysis method,and the path analysis was used to clarify the impact of temperature(T),precipitation(P),actual evapotranspiration(ETa),wind speed(W)and sunshine duration(S)on RH.The results demonstrated that climatic conditions in North Xinjiang(NXJ)was more humid than those in Hexi Corridor(HXC)and South Xinjiang(SXJ).RH had a less significant downtrend in NXJ than that in HXC,but an increasingly rising trend was observed in SXJ during the last five decades,implying that HXC and NXJ were under the process of droughts,while SXJ was getting wetter.There was a turning point for the trend of RH in Xinjiang,which occurred in 2000.Path analysis indicated that RH was negatively correlated to T,ETa,W and S,but it increased with increase of P.S,T and W had the greatest direct effects on RH in HXC,NXJ and SXJ,respectively.ETa was the factor which had the greatest indirect effect on RH in HXC and NXJ,while T was the dominant factor in SXJ.

CO2 emission driving forces and corresponding mitigation strategies under low-carbon economy mode:evidence from China's Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

On account of the background of China's "new normal" characterized by slower economic growth, this paper analyses the low-carbon economy status quo in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and empirically investigates the relationship between carbon dioxide(CO_2) emissions and its various factors for China's Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region using panel data econometric technique. We find evidence of existence of Environmental Kuznets Curve. Results also show that economic scale, industrial structure, and urbanization rate are crucial factors to promote CO_2emissions. However, technological progress, especially the domestic independent research and development, plays a key role in C0_2 emissions abatement. Next, we further analyze the correlation between each subregion and various factors according to Grey Relation Analysis. Thereby,our findings provide important implications for policymakers in air pollution control and C0_2 emissions reduction for this region.