This paper describes the principle of measuring the pressure-viscosity relation in mineral oil by the capillary method, and the ftrst experimental equipment for measuring the pressure-viscosity relation in our country...This paper describes the principle of measuring the pressure-viscosity relation in mineral oil by the capillary method, and the ftrst experimental equipment for measuring the pressure-viscosity relation in our country—type NY-1 capillary pressuer-viscosity equipment, which is designed by the authors. The experimental investigation into four kinds of mineral oil is completed on the equipment. The range of pressure is 0 to 0.1 GPa. The experimental results show that the pressure-viscosity relations in the four kinds of mineral oil agree with the Barus equation.展开更多
The fate of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) residing in the atmosphere has received enormous attention in recent years due to their mutagenic and carcinogenic risks on human health. In this context, the stab...The fate of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) residing in the atmosphere has received enormous attention in recent years due to their mutagenic and carcinogenic risks on human health. In this context, the stability of pyrene (as a representative PAHs) on quartz, alumina, montmorillonite, kaolinite, humic acid and quartz coated with sorbed humic acid was investigated at controlled relative humidity (RH: i.e. 5% and 30%) without light irradiation in order to detect the presence of catalytic effect of mineral surface on PAHs decomposition. The stability of pyrene was found to depend strongly on the physicochemical properties of the substrates. Quartz showed a strong catalytic effect for the decomposition of pyrene even though it was coated with sorbed humic acid. Pyrene sorbed on montmorillonite and humic acid remained stable during the experimental period (i.e. 3 days). Moisture in the experimental cell also affected the stability of pyrene in particular minerals. Especially, pyrene sorbed on alumina was rapidly decomposed at higher RH. However, there were almost no effect in the case of quartz, kaolinite and humic acid. Depending on the physicochemical properties of aerosols and RH, PAHs associated with minerals in the atmosphere would be decomposed and/or stably reside in the atmosphere.展开更多
Generally, the sequence decision of the development and utilization of Chinese mineral resources is based on national and provincial overall plan of the mineral resources. Such plan usually cannot reflect the relative...Generally, the sequence decision of the development and utilization of Chinese mineral resources is based on national and provincial overall plan of the mineral resources. Such plan usually cannot reflect the relative size of the suitability of the development and utilization of mineral resources. To solve the problem, the paper has selected the gift condition, the market condition, the technological condition,socio-economic condition and environmental condition as the starting-points to analyze the influential factors of the priority-sequence of mineral resources' development and utilization. The above 5 conditions are further specified into 9 evaluative indicators to establish an evaluation indicator system. At last,we propose a decision model of the priority sequence based on grey relational analysis method, and figure out the observation objects by the suitability index of development. Finally, the mineral resources of a certain province in China were analyzed as an example. The calculation results indicate that silver(2.0057), coal(1.9955), zinc(1.9442), cement limestone(1.9077), solvent limestone(1.5624) and other minerals in the province are suitable for development and utilization.展开更多
In order to improve the process of co-reduction of oxide powder, a new mechano-thermal process was de-signed to produce high-dispersed W-Cu composite powder by high temperature oxidation, short time high-energymilling...In order to improve the process of co-reduction of oxide powder, a new mechano-thermal process was de-signed to produce high-dispersed W-Cu composite powder by high temperature oxidation, short time high-energymilling and reduction at lower temperature. The particle size, oxygen content and their sintering abilities of W-Cucomposite powder in different conditions were analyzed. The results show that after a quick milling of the oxidepowder for about 3-10 h, the reduction temperature of the W-Cu oxide powder can be lowered to about 650 ℃ from700-750 ℃ owning to the lowering of particle size of the oxide powder. The average particle size of W-Cu powder af-ter reduction at 650 ℃ is about 0.5 μm smaller than that reduced at 750 ℃. After sintering at 1 200 ℃ for 1 h inhydrogen atmosphere, the relative density and thermal conductivity of final products (W-20Cu) can attain 99.5%and 210 W @ m-1 @ K-1 respectively.展开更多
In many countries cacao (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Theobroma cacao</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.) is invariably grown as an...In many countries cacao (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Theobroma cacao</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.) is invariably grown as an understory crop in agroforestry types of cropping systems and subjected to low levels photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) due to presence of large number of upper story shade trees with poorly managed canopy structure. In recent years carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is steadily increasing and it is unclear what impact this will have on performance of cacao grown under shade of upper story shade trees. A climatically controlled greenhouse experiment was undertaken to evaluate the effects of ambient and elevated carbon dioxide (400 and 700 μmol·mol</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and three levels of PPFD (100, 200, and 400 μmol·m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">·s</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) on growth, and macro- and micronutrient use efficiency of three genetically contrasting cacao genotypes (CCN 51, VB 1117 and NO 81). Intraspecific variations were observed in cacao genotypes for growth parameters at ambient to elevated carbon dioxide and low to adequate levels of PPFD. With the exceptions of total root length and leaf area, irrespective of carbon dioxide and PPFD levels, all three genotypes showed significant differences in all the growth parameters. For all the cacao genotypes, increasing PPFD from 100 to 400 μmol·m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">·s</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and carbon dioxide from 400 to 700 μmol·mol</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> increased overall growth parameters such as leaf, shoot and root biomass accumulation, stem height, leaf area, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Irrespective of carbon dioxide and PPFD, invariably genotypes differed significantly in macro-micronutrient uptake parameters such as concentration, uptake, influx, transport and use efficiency. With few exceptions, raising PPFD from 100 to 400 μmol·m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">·s</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and carbon dioxide from 400 to 700 μmol·mol</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> increased nutrient use efficiency for all the cacao genotypes. Elevated carbon dioxide and adequate PPFD are benefi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cial in improving cacao growth and mineral nutrient uptake and use efficiency.展开更多
GOLD mineralization and Sedex-type base metal mineralization (SBM) have been separately studied for along period. This may lead geologists to ignore the important exploration meaning of SBM in goldprospecting. A typic...GOLD mineralization and Sedex-type base metal mineralization (SBM) have been separately studied for along period. This may lead geologists to ignore the important exploration meaning of SBM in goldprospecting. A typical example is related to the Carlin-type gold ore deposits, in the study of which, Hg,As, Sb and other mineralizations have been stressed but SBM has been ignored. 1 A new phenomenon In recent years, it has been discovered that many Carlin-type gold ores and SBM are distributed inthe same geology unit but are disjunctive each other. In Carlin district of USA, Emsbo et al.have reported the Sedex-type Pb-Zn orebody in thedepth of Meikle Au deposit, the same phenomenon has been described in Screamer, Golden April,展开更多
文摘This paper describes the principle of measuring the pressure-viscosity relation in mineral oil by the capillary method, and the ftrst experimental equipment for measuring the pressure-viscosity relation in our country—type NY-1 capillary pressuer-viscosity equipment, which is designed by the authors. The experimental investigation into four kinds of mineral oil is completed on the equipment. The range of pressure is 0 to 0.1 GPa. The experimental results show that the pressure-viscosity relations in the four kinds of mineral oil agree with the Barus equation.
文摘The fate of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) residing in the atmosphere has received enormous attention in recent years due to their mutagenic and carcinogenic risks on human health. In this context, the stability of pyrene (as a representative PAHs) on quartz, alumina, montmorillonite, kaolinite, humic acid and quartz coated with sorbed humic acid was investigated at controlled relative humidity (RH: i.e. 5% and 30%) without light irradiation in order to detect the presence of catalytic effect of mineral surface on PAHs decomposition. The stability of pyrene was found to depend strongly on the physicochemical properties of the substrates. Quartz showed a strong catalytic effect for the decomposition of pyrene even though it was coated with sorbed humic acid. Pyrene sorbed on montmorillonite and humic acid remained stable during the experimental period (i.e. 3 days). Moisture in the experimental cell also affected the stability of pyrene in particular minerals. Especially, pyrene sorbed on alumina was rapidly decomposed at higher RH. However, there were almost no effect in the case of quartz, kaolinite and humic acid. Depending on the physicochemical properties of aerosols and RH, PAHs associated with minerals in the atmosphere would be decomposed and/or stably reside in the atmosphere.
基金Financial support from the key project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71273118)is gratefully acknowledged
文摘Generally, the sequence decision of the development and utilization of Chinese mineral resources is based on national and provincial overall plan of the mineral resources. Such plan usually cannot reflect the relative size of the suitability of the development and utilization of mineral resources. To solve the problem, the paper has selected the gift condition, the market condition, the technological condition,socio-economic condition and environmental condition as the starting-points to analyze the influential factors of the priority-sequence of mineral resources' development and utilization. The above 5 conditions are further specified into 9 evaluative indicators to establish an evaluation indicator system. At last,we propose a decision model of the priority sequence based on grey relational analysis method, and figure out the observation objects by the suitability index of development. Finally, the mineral resources of a certain province in China were analyzed as an example. The calculation results indicate that silver(2.0057), coal(1.9955), zinc(1.9442), cement limestone(1.9077), solvent limestone(1.5624) and other minerals in the province are suitable for development and utilization.
基金Project (59871064) supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to improve the process of co-reduction of oxide powder, a new mechano-thermal process was de-signed to produce high-dispersed W-Cu composite powder by high temperature oxidation, short time high-energymilling and reduction at lower temperature. The particle size, oxygen content and their sintering abilities of W-Cucomposite powder in different conditions were analyzed. The results show that after a quick milling of the oxidepowder for about 3-10 h, the reduction temperature of the W-Cu oxide powder can be lowered to about 650 ℃ from700-750 ℃ owning to the lowering of particle size of the oxide powder. The average particle size of W-Cu powder af-ter reduction at 650 ℃ is about 0.5 μm smaller than that reduced at 750 ℃. After sintering at 1 200 ℃ for 1 h inhydrogen atmosphere, the relative density and thermal conductivity of final products (W-20Cu) can attain 99.5%and 210 W @ m-1 @ K-1 respectively.
文摘In many countries cacao (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Theobroma cacao</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.) is invariably grown as an understory crop in agroforestry types of cropping systems and subjected to low levels photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) due to presence of large number of upper story shade trees with poorly managed canopy structure. In recent years carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is steadily increasing and it is unclear what impact this will have on performance of cacao grown under shade of upper story shade trees. A climatically controlled greenhouse experiment was undertaken to evaluate the effects of ambient and elevated carbon dioxide (400 and 700 μmol·mol</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and three levels of PPFD (100, 200, and 400 μmol·m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">·s</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) on growth, and macro- and micronutrient use efficiency of three genetically contrasting cacao genotypes (CCN 51, VB 1117 and NO 81). Intraspecific variations were observed in cacao genotypes for growth parameters at ambient to elevated carbon dioxide and low to adequate levels of PPFD. With the exceptions of total root length and leaf area, irrespective of carbon dioxide and PPFD levels, all three genotypes showed significant differences in all the growth parameters. For all the cacao genotypes, increasing PPFD from 100 to 400 μmol·m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">·s</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and carbon dioxide from 400 to 700 μmol·mol</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> increased overall growth parameters such as leaf, shoot and root biomass accumulation, stem height, leaf area, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Irrespective of carbon dioxide and PPFD, invariably genotypes differed significantly in macro-micronutrient uptake parameters such as concentration, uptake, influx, transport and use efficiency. With few exceptions, raising PPFD from 100 to 400 μmol·m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">·s</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and carbon dioxide from 400 to 700 μmol·mol</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> increased nutrient use efficiency for all the cacao genotypes. Elevated carbon dioxide and adequate PPFD are benefi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cial in improving cacao growth and mineral nutrient uptake and use efficiency.
文摘GOLD mineralization and Sedex-type base metal mineralization (SBM) have been separately studied for along period. This may lead geologists to ignore the important exploration meaning of SBM in goldprospecting. A typical example is related to the Carlin-type gold ore deposits, in the study of which, Hg,As, Sb and other mineralizations have been stressed but SBM has been ignored. 1 A new phenomenon In recent years, it has been discovered that many Carlin-type gold ores and SBM are distributed inthe same geology unit but are disjunctive each other. In Carlin district of USA, Emsbo et al.have reported the Sedex-type Pb-Zn orebody in thedepth of Meikle Au deposit, the same phenomenon has been described in Screamer, Golden April,