Relationship between Rural Industry Revitalization and Land Resource Utilization and Its Practice in Ganning Town, Wanzhou District of Chongqing

[Objectives]To explore the relationship between rural industry revitalization and land resource utilization.[Methods]Starting from the connotation of rural industry revitalization and land resource utilization,this study explores the relationship between rural industry revitalization and land resource utilization,Taking Ganning Town with typical mountain industry as the research area,this paper analyzed the relationship between rural industry revitalization and land resource utilization through a combination of field research and literature analysis,found out the existing problems and came up with pertinent recommendations.[Results](i)Rural industry revitalization is both mutually reinforcing and mutually restrictive.(ii)In this study,the land use types of Ganning Town were divided into nine categories,including farmland,garden land,forest land and grassland,and their industrial functions and development models were identified,and the corresponding framework of land resource utilization and rural industry revitalization in Ganning Town was constructed.(iii)In view of the problems existing in Ganning Town,this paper proposed to change the ideological concept and enhance understanding,improve the utilization rate of idle land and promote rural industry revitalization,and accelerate land consolidation and restoration,and promote sustainable development.[Conclusions]It is necessary to correctly understand the two-way role and dynamic change relationship between rural industry revitalization and land resource utilization,solve the problem from the perspective of development,adopt development strategies according to local conditions,and take the road of sustainable development.

Changes of groundwater flow field of Luanhe River Delta under the human activities and its impact on the ecological environment in the past 30 years

The Luanhe River Delta is located in the center of the Circum-Bohai Sea Economic Zone.It enjoys rapid economic and social development while suffering relatively water scarcity.The overexploitation of groundwater in the Luanhe River Delta in recent years has caused the continuous drop of groundwater level and serious environmental and geological problems.This study systematically analyzes the evolution characteristics of the population,economy,and groundwater exploitation in the Luanhe River Delta and summarizes the change patterns of the groundwater flow regime in different aquifers in the Luanhe River Delta according to previous water resource assessment data as well as the latest groundwater survey results.Through comparison of major source/sink terms and groundwater resources,the study reveals the impacts of human activities on the groundwater resources and ecological environment in the study area over the past 30 years from 1990 to 2020.The results are as follows.The average annual drop rate of shallow groundwater and the deep groundwater in the centers of depression cones is 0.4 m and 1.64 m,respectively in the Luanhe River Delta in the past 30 years.The depression cones of shallow and deep groundwater in the study area cover an area of 545.32 km^(2)and 548.79 km^(2),respectively,accounting for more than 10%of the total area of the Luanhe River Delta.Overexploitation of groundwater has further aggravated land subsidence.As a result,two large-scale subsidence centers have formed,with a maximum subsidence rate of up to 120 mm/a.The drop of groundwater level has induced some ecological problems in the Luanhe River Delta area,such as the zero flow and water quality deterioration of rivers and continuous shrinkage of natural wetlands and water.Meanwhile,the proportion of natural wetland area to the total wetland area has been decreased from 99%to 8%and the water area from 1776 km^(2)to 263 km^(2).These results will provide data for groundwater overexploitation control,land subsidence prevention,and ecological restoration in plains and provide services for water resources management and national land space planning.

Evaluation method and empirical application of human activity suitability of land resources in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The current suitability evaluation methods for land resources human activity in China suffer from theoretical deficiencies related to fundamental data accuracy,elevation and slope classification,and suitability class judgment.Empirical application of these methods is also hindered by excessive evaluation indicators,data acquisition difficulties,and limited applicability to high altitude regions.To address these issues,this paper proposes a technical evaluation framework for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP) that employs selected key parameters varying with elevation and slope to establish grid-scale evaluation models for construction land suitability(CLS) and arable land suitability(ALS).A generalized algorithm is then proposed for key parameters such as air density,air temperature,slope suitability for construction,and soil erosion resistance of sloping arable land.Empirical research is conducted using Milin County in southeast Tibet as a case study,with interval measurements of 100 m in elevation and 1° in slope.The evaluation model is tested using grid accuracies of 30 m,50 m,100 m,250 m,500 m,and 1000 m.The results reveal that:Firstly,the CLS and ALS can be categorized into five classes:highly suitable,suitable,moderately suitable,marginally suitable,and unsuitable,with varying area ratios under different grid accuracies.Secondly,existing construction lands in Milin County are mainly distributed in suitable,highly suitable,and moderately suitable CLS classes,accounting for over 94% of the total area studied under different grid accuracies.While arable land is mainly distributed in suitable,highly suitable,and moderately suitable ALS classes,accounting for over 96%.Thirdly,the empirical research in Milin County indicates that the evaluation method,quantitative model,and parameters algorithm for evaluating human activity suitability of land resources on the QTP are feasible and applicable,with a recommended grid accuracy within 100 m and a maximum of 250 m.Fourthly,the paper establishes a correspondence between land suitability(including construction land and arable land) and topographic factors(elevation and slope) that can be applied to the QTP.Finally,some professional defects in the evaluation methods of available land resources in Major Function Zoning and “Double Evaluations” of Territorial Spatial Planning in China when applied to the QTP are identified.

Present land use and cover patterns and their development potential in North Ningxia

With the objectives to acquire the fundamental dat a of the territorial resource, understand the impacts of human activit ies on the land use and cover patterns and evaluate the potential of the future exploitation, an intensive land cover classification with an accuracy of 93% has been completed for North Ningxia by remote sen sing technique based on the adoption of a combination method composed o f texture training, maximum likelihood classification and post-processing such as re-allocation and aggregation. This classification result was incorporated with the contemporaneous socio-economic and meteorological d ata for cross-sectional regression modelling to reveal the spatial dete rminants of the land cover patterns and understand the human-environmen tal relationships. A tentative evaluation on the potential of soil exp loitation in the near future was carried out in combination with our land use and cover change detection results aiming at supplying some useful references for the central and local governments in their sustainable l and use planning.

水资源刚性约束制度研究框架与展望

实行水资源刚性约束制度是当前水资源管理制度领域的重大改革措施,也是推动相关国家战略实施、实现人水和谐共生的必然举措。梳理了水资源刚性约束制度的提出背景与历程,分析了水资源刚性约束制度的概念内涵,从指导思想、理论基础、技术支撑、战略目标、研究内容和关键问题等6个方面构建了水资源刚性约束制度研究框架,从理论研究、技术研究、实践研究等3个方面对未来研究进行了展望,以期为水资源刚性约束制度相关研究提供理论和实践参考。

考虑水土互馈关系的区域水土资源联合优化配置

针对水土资源空间不匹配、水资源总量不足及土地资源利用程度不高等问题,以二元水循环理论为基础,构建考虑水土互馈关系的区域水土资源联合优化配置模型。该模型包括产水模块、水土联合配置模块和土地模拟模块,以GDP最大和基于生态绿当量的区域植被覆盖率(EGE-RVC)最高为目标函数,并提出了一种耦合约束法、逐次逼近法和非线性规划的三层嵌套算法进行求解。以河南省洛阳市为例对模型和方法进行验证,结果表明,洛阳市可利用水量增加了4463万m^(3),GDP提高了12.5%,EGE-RVC增加了2.6%,各用地类型缺水率不同程度下降。研究成果能够为区域水土资源优化配置研究提供新的思路和技术参考。

自然地理学与人文地理学整合之我见

在当代地理学中,自然地理学与人文地理学两个分支学科分裂严重,从论题到发表乃至对话对象。因此两者的关系值得讨论。维持地理学的综合性有助于发挥地理学的优势,应对综合性问题、全球性问题。人地关系和区域地理学是避免地理学分裂的具体途径,GIS可以成为弥合两者的工具。大众对地理学的科普需求是区域地理,这是地理学满足社会需求需要的重要方式。着眼于科学普及的区域地理学著作有助于提高学科的社会认同度。

水资源节约集约利用理论体系与应用实践

水资源节约集约利用是促进全社会节约用水、保障国家水安全、促进生态文明建设、助力高质量发展的重要举措。通过梳理水资源节约集约利用的提出背景及历程,深入剖析水资源节约集约利用的概念内涵,提出了水资源节约集约利用理论体系框架,包括基础理论、符合原则与研究内容。重点分析了水资源节约集约利用理论在节水型社会建设、水利高质量发展、人与自然和谐共生以及水资源刚性约束制度建设中的应用实践,旨在为我国现代水资源利用提供理论支撑和实践指导。

辽南海岛型村落空间结构特征分析

要辽南长山群岛位于辽宁省大连市,其四面环海的地理特征导致其村落的生产、生活功能紧密依附自然环境,并在此发展着独特的人居模式。作为一种自诞生就与大陆相隔的生态系统,其空间上的功能组成与结构特征与当地特殊的自然环境紧密相连,具有鲜明的环境特征,海岛型村落则是特殊自然环境下体现人地关系的代表性人居场所。该文结构上采用“宏观—中观—微观”的思维逻辑,对辽南长山群岛整体进行调查研究,并以“人地关系”为出发点,采用一系列图底关系的研究方式对村落各类型空间进行分析并总结出其结构特征,为海岛型村落未来的保护与更新提供设计思路。

塔里木河流域土地利用及人类活动强度的时空演化特征研究

[研究目的]人类活动引起的土地利用/覆被变化是全球环境变化的重要组成部分,旱区土地利用对区域水文和生态的影响尤为显著,探究土地利用变化及其对人类活动的响应对西北干旱内陆生态与资源环境可持续发展具有重要意义。[研究方法]基于1980-2018年间共5期遥感影像,结合土地利用动态度、土地利用转移矩阵和人类活动强度指数分析塔里木河流域各水资源分区土地利用变化特征。[研究结果]近40年中,塔里木河流域耕地、建设用地和林地面积分别增加1.58×10^(4)km^(2)、1.2×10^(3) km^(2)和347 km^(2),而草地、未利用地和水域面积分别减少1.33×10^(4)km^(2)、0.32×10^(4)km^(2)和815 km^(2)。各水资源分区中塔里木河干流土地利用类型变化最大,其次为渭干河、阿克苏河和喀什噶尔河流域。自2000年以来,塔里木河流域建设用地当量面积和人类活动强度增加相对较快,特别是2000-2010年间呈显著增长趋势。[结论]塔里木河流域各水资源分区的人类活动强度呈显著的空间差异性。社会经济发展和政策的导向性作用是塔里木河流域土地利用变化和人类活动强度的主要影响因素。

十七世纪中叶以来长三角地区耕地演变特征及影响因素分析

自十七世纪中叶清朝康熙年间推行土地政策以来,长三角地区耕地变化速度显著加快,对现代社会—经济—环境产生了巨大影响。在前人研究基础上,系统收集了长三角地区十七世纪以来的耕地数据,选择海拔、坡度、土壤与河流距离和人口密度等影响因子,利用SPSS软件进行二元Logistic回归,结合不同时期耕地分布影响因子权重,重建1661—2020年长三角地区耕地演变数据,基于此探索历史耕地的空间分异规律和时间演变过程,系统分析不同时期耕地变化驱动因素。研究发现:长三角地区耕地数量呈现“M”型波动上升趋势,在空间分布上表现为“北多南少”,其空间格局呈“西进北扩,纵深扩散”的演变态势。清朝时期,自然地理环境是影响耕地空间分布的重要因素;农业政策和技术随着社会发展逐渐成为耕地变化的主要原因。改革开放后,工业化城镇化进程加快与生态退耕项目的推进导致长三角地区耕地持续减少。历史时期长三角耕地格局持续受到地理环境因素的影响,呈现出动态变化的特征。在地理变迁与耕地格局演变的过程中,自然地理环境在宏观层面上影响耕地格局的形成与演变,始终是耕地格局演绎变迁的基底,也是区域人文景观的基础。人文地理环境则在微观层面深入且细致地改变耕地格局,反映了人类对自然的开发实践。长三角地区耕地的变化体现了人与地理环境之间的博弈,反映出“人地关系”理念的转变。区域发展规划应突显长三角的生态环境优势,打造区域一体化的生态景观廊道,在可持续发展观的指导下推进生态文明建设和美丽中国建设。

区域环境污染对社会道德失范评价的影响——基于具身认知视角的实证研究

地理学界在环境污染对人类社会道德的影响方面研究较少。该文从具身认知的理论视角,依据“中国综合社会调查”的3703份大样本数据,探究区域环境污染对居民社会道德失范评价的影响效应,并运用倾向值匹配法进行实证检验。研究发现:区域环境污染会对居民的公共道德、职业道德和家庭美德失范有显著正向影响,但对传媒道德失范无显著影响;区域环境污染影响居民社会道德失范评价实质是人地关系地域系统中地理环境影响人类认知的一种具体表现。研究结果可为环境污染对社会道德的不良影响效应研究提供经验证据,在一定程度上印证我国当前倡导的生态文明建设和环境保护治理的重要战略意义。

珠三角城市群人口-产业-环境耦合协调度及其影响因素

利用人口、产业和环境三大维度相关的多源大数据,构建耦合协调度测度模型。以珠三角城市群为例,测定人口-产业-环境维度的耦合协调度,并结合相关分析与地理加权回归模型分析其影响因素。结果表明:珠三角城市群人口-产业-环境协调度普遍较低,呈现明显的高值与低值聚集的空间分布格局。城市群内各地级市与不同城乡地域类型的耦合协调度整体差异不大。耦合协调度主要受产业维度产业链串联共生度与环境维度植被净初级生产力的影响。人口与产业维度因子间相关性强且呈正相关,但二者与环境维度因子呈负相关关系。结合研究结果,提出夯实南沙与珠三角西岸地区以创新引领的高质量发展、加强珠三角城市群生态保护的可持续经济发展等建议。

“丘陵-河谷”耦合下浙西小城镇空间形态与地貌的关联性解析

文章从浙西丘陵区“丘陵-河谷”耦合的聚落地理环境出发,基于对卫星遥感影像的识别与转译,将小城镇类型划分为丘间峡谷型、丘间宽谷型和丘陵盆地型三类。通过对40个小城镇样本的规模、选址以及演化等维度的解析,揭示浙西小城镇人居环境与自然地貌之间“丘陵-河谷-人居”的耦合关系和内在机制。

人地关系视角下传统村落景观特征识别和保护——以鄂西南为例

随着城市化进程的快速推进,人地矛盾已然成为传统村落景观保护的中心问题。基于此,以鄂西南传统村落为研究对象,借鉴地理学人地关系和景观特征评估等相关理论,在区域尺度筛选传统村落景观特征因子,并构建传统村落景观分类、分区、分级的系统性保护框架;通过二阶聚类分析方法完成景观特征类型识别与分类,运用景观群系划分、核密度工具以及景观脆弱性分析等方法,得到相应的传统村落景观保护分类、分区、分级图,并结合传统村落景观特征类型识别结果,提出针对性的保护策略。研究结果能够为鄂西南传统村落景观保护与利用提供新思路,也可为其它地区传统村落的可持续发展提供参考。

养老机构服务质量提升与以人为本的整合性照护--基于3个养老机构的实地调查

老龄人口的快速增长正在推动老年健康照护服务市场的发展,养老机构数量的不断增加反映了这一发展趋势。通过对东部地区一线城市D及西南地区县城Y共3个养老机构的实地调查发现,一方面,机构养老运行在为个人和家庭提供一个可利用的照护服务平台、有效弥补家庭照护资源不足的同时,还促进了家庭代际关系的理性化演变,影响着消费者与服务提供者之间权利关系的建构;另一方面,调查也发现现有养老机构普遍存在的问题,包括居住环境健康标准落实不到位和人文关怀的缺乏、人力资源专业化程度较低、工作人员置换频繁、适老技术和设备的应用没有得到应有的重视、现行成本控制和质量监督机制还有很大的合理化空间等。这些反映在养老机构运行中的微观问题对宏观层面的政策制定具有重要的参考价值。针对这些问题,未来的政策制定应特别关注养老机构健康相关方面标准的优化和执行,引导养老机构建设更好的人文环境,探索照护人力资源的合理规划和利用,在照护人力资源的培养方面更加关注职业教育质量的提升,鼓励适老技术产品的研发及其在照护领域中的应用,帮助养老机构建设以大数据为依据的成本控制和质量监督机制。此外,应进一步推动照护服务市场的法治化建设,引导照护机构之间的有序竞争;加大对农村老年人和低收入家庭的财政支持,以此提高照护服务的可得性和公平性。通过推动建设一个以人为本的整合性照护体系,让我国老年人晚年生活质量有所保障。

Evaluation of suitability,adaptability,and reserve potential of construction land on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Construction land is the leading carrier of human activities such as production and living.Evaluating the construction land suitability(CLS)on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)holds significant implications for harmonizing the relationship between ecological protection and human activity and promoting population and industry layout optimization.However,no relevant studies provide a complete CLS assessment of the QTP.In this study,we developed a model-based CLS evaluation framework coupling of pattern and process to calculate the global CLS on the QTP based on a previously developed CLS evaluation model.Then,using the land-use data of 1990,2000,2010,and 2020,we examined the adaptability of existing construction land(ECL)to the CLS assessment result through the adaptability index and vertical gradient index and further analyzed the limitations of maladaptive construction land.Finally,we calculated the potential area of reserve suitable construction land.This article includes four conclusions:(1)The highly suitable,suitable,moderately suitable,marginally suitable,and unsuitable CLS classes cover areas of 0.33×10^(4)km^(2),10.42×10^(4)km^(2),18.06×10^(4)km^(2),24.12×10^(4)km^(2),and 205.29×10^(4)km^(2),respectively.Only approximately 11%of the study area on the QTP is suitable for large-scale permanent construction land,and approximately 79.50%of the area is unsuitable under current economic and technological conditions.(2)The ECL adaptability index is 85.16%,85.93%,85.18%,and 78.01%during 1990–2020,respectively,with an average adaptability index exceeding 80%on the QTP.The ECL distribution generally conforms to construction land suitable space characteristics but with a significant spatial difference.(3)From 1990 to 2020,the maladaptive ECL was dominated by rural settlement land,transport land,and special land,with a rapidly increasing proportion of urban and other construction land.The maladaptive ECL is constrained by both elevation and slope in the southern Qinghai Plateau,the Hengduan Mountains,and the Qilian Mountains.In contrast,elevation is significantly more limiting than slope in the northern Tibet Plateau,the Gangdis Mountains,and the Himalayan Mountains.(4)The potential area of reserve suitable construction land is 12.41×10^(4)km^(2),accounting for 4.81%of the total land area of the QTP,and the per capita area is 9928 m^(2).Regions of Qaidam Basin,Gonghe Basin,and Lhasa-Shannan Valley have the richest and most concentrated land resource of reserve suitable construction land.The research results provide spatial decision support for urban and rural settlement planning and ecological migration on the QTP.

我国户外运动产业高质量发展动力机制与推进路径——基于人地关系协调视角

在人地关系协调视角下,运用文献资料法等研究方法,对我国户外运动产业的高质量发展动力机制和推进路径进行了探究。研究表明,政府推动、人才拉动、资源促动和企业带动是我国户外运动产业高质量发展的主要动力机制。此外,我们还从坚持政府导向、扶优扶强户外运动行业组织、构建高水平户外运动人才培养体系、推进生态与文化协调发展、驱动绿色经济增长和助力企业数字化转型、创新户外运动产品与服务等角度,提出了我国户外运动产业高质量发展的推进路径,以期加快推进我国户外运动产业成为国民经济支柱性产业的进程,实现我国户外运动产业高质量可持续发展目标。

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广州市2010—2020年人口结构与空间格局深刻演变,造成城市人地关系发生巨大变化,对规划产生重大影响。本文以“七普”“六普”两次人口普查数据,以及“三调”变更、“二调”变更两次国土调查数据为基础,分析十年间广州市的人口总量与用地增长耦合关系、人口结构与用地结构变化关系、人口密度分布与用地效率变化关系,并基于特征问题提出相应的规划应对建议,为协调广州市人口与城市用地发展提供研究支撑。

新质生产力发展与土地资源配置:历史逻辑、理论逻辑与现实逻辑

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