The Relationship between Nature and Human Beings in Wide Sargasso Sea

Famous for giving voice to Bertha, the marginalized mad woman in the attic in Jane Eyre, Wide Sargasso Sea is filled with vivid description of nature, which contributes to the successful characterization of main characters and shows the theme of the relationship between nature and human beings. However few attention is paid to that theme. The mythological and archetypal approach is thus adopted to analyze three major characters and fill the gap. Antoinette is viewed as the daughter of nature. Christophine functions as the incarnation of nature. Rochester plays the role of the intruder who does harm to nature. To conclude, Wide Sargasso Sea is not only a criticism of anthropocentrism but also a warning bell to the stereotyped opposition in the western culture. After the successful shaking of the fixed order, Wide Sargasso Sea also drops a hint that there exists the hope to build a new world where human beings and nature, men and women keep a harmonious and balanced relationship.

Comparison and Inspiration of the Theme of Relationship between Human Beings and Nature in the Field of Literature between China and the West

The relationship between human beings and nature influences the expressions and manifestations of literature. Literature can spy on the nature exploration of human society and ideological values in the thinking and behavior patterns,expressing the relationship between human beings and nature. Through expressions of literature in China and the West,we draw lessons from W estern literary expressions in the developing relationship between man and nature,and get inspiration for the development of Chinese literature.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAN AND NATURE IN TRADITIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS CONCEPTS OF CHINA AND WEST

As the process of economic globalization gathers momentum, dialogue between different cultures has become extremely important. There should be dialogue between the Chinese and Western cultures under the principle of equality and mutual respect and understanding to increase consensus for mutual development.

Between the Heaven and Human Beings: On the Idea of the Heaven and the Transformation of Poetry in the Mid-Tang Dynasty

The relationship between the Heaven and human beings is a central issue in the transformation of Confucianism in the Mid-Tang Dynasty.The discourses on the Heaven by Han Yu,Liu Zongyuan,and Liu Yuxi helped to promote the transformation and greatly influenced the transformation in literature.The differences in the poetry among the three authors may also be interpreted from the perspective of their perceptions of the Heaven—Han Yu’s discourse on the Heaven focused on the enemy-relationship between the Heaven and human beings,so his poems always showed tension and loss.Liu Zongyuan was interested in the alienation between the heaven and human beings,so his poems were more rational and placid than Han Yu’s.However,Liu Yuxi’s discourse on the Heaven paid attention to the positive influence of the Heaven on human beings,and most of his poems were filled with reason.The changes in the relationship between the Heaven and human beings lead to the broadened themes,innovated vocabulary,diversified styles,and varied fresh imageries.Likewise,the relationship between the Heaven and human beings established in the Song Dynasty led accordingly to a new type of literature different from the Tang literature.

The Thought of the Oneness Between Man and Nature in Walden

From the view of the ecological theory, this paper tries to analyze that Thoreau uses Chinese traditional philosophical thought--- the oneness of man and nature to deal with the relationship of human beings and the nature in Walden.

A Chess Game among Human,Wolves and Nature

Wolf Totem is a famous novel describing wolves as a main part. The article goes deeper into the novel, analyzing the relationship between human beings and nature and the relationship between Mongols and wolves.

The Human-Nature Relationship Showed in Elizabeth Bishop’s The Moose

Elizabeth Bishop is a well-known American poet and short story writer, whose literary works have been appreciated by readers and received many awards. This paper intends to have an analysis of one of Elizabeth Bishop’s poem, The Moose, from the perspective of human-nature relationship showed in it and finds out that a harmonious relationship between mankind and nature can be interpreted from the poem. This paper is divided into three parts, including a brief introduction of the poet and the poem, the analysis of the poem, and the conclusion reached after the analysis.

The Mentally Offset Human and the Society

A human being is a complex type of creature whose existence depends on three components;the spirit, the soul and the body which interact in a reversible manner. I do believe that there comes a time when there is lack of a reversible interaction between the soul and the spirit in certain individuals which leads to a state of mental offset. For humans to live in sociality the world is governed by humans’ laws but the mentally offset human do not live according to these laws. Due to this, they are considered as being useless in the society but I do believe that they have complete natural human rights and are not useless for they are aware of each act they perform. It is observed that the mentally offset human hardly acquire a disease from natural origin, I do believe that due to this lack of a reversible interaction between the soul and the spirit, the immune system is reprogrammed such that there is a lack of recognition of exogenous and endogenous pathological substances and there is no means of interaction between these substances and the body cells.

生态经济地理:一个有利于自然地理和人文地理融合的构想

回应当前学界关于自然地理与人文地理能否走向融合的讨论,文章构建了一个有利于自然地理与人文地理融合的生态经济地理分析框架,提出关注“人”作为本身级联产业、技术、制度系统复杂关联的地域巨系统的能动性变化,及其与生态系统之间的双向反馈关系,通过探讨环境变化和技术变革背景下人地系统耦合机制和调控途径,在综合权衡中寻找人类可持续发展的最佳答案。选用“桑-基鱼塘生态经济系统百年演变”“数据中心的‘数-能-水’系统级联”“生态修复规划的人文视角”3个案例来阐明生态经济地理的研究视角与思路。最后,围绕“格局―过程―关联―路径”的分析框架,提出了生态经济地理需重点关注的4个研究议题:生态系统与经济系统各要素耦合格局、不同系统间要素流动过程及影响、生态经济耦合系统的区域复杂关联、生态经济的可持续发展路径。以期以上述议题为牵引,加强自然与人文学者之间的相互协作,促进地理学科的融合发展,提升地理学解决综合性问题的能力。

“贫乏于世”的深意——论海德格尔“动物之思”的起源及其意义

海德格尔的《形而上学的基本概念》并非海德格尔“动物之思”的真正起源,既有国内外研究并未深究这一问题,而且都遗漏了对一部重要作品的考察,此即《康德〈纯粹理性批判〉的现象学阐释》。通过对此书的文本分析,我们可以看清,海德格尔“动物之思”的起源、海德格尔特有的“自由”概念的启动以及海德格尔“康德阐释”的正式开端,三者共同交织于此书中。海德格尔“动物贫乏于世界”命题的深意因而在于:我们可以从这一命题重新思考海德格尔思想的一段关键历程,即海德格尔思想“转向”的开端进程。就此而论,海德格尔的“动物之思”绝非只是海德格尔思想的副产品,而应视为海德格尔思想道路上的一种至深至远的本真之思。

人工智能中的三支结构

为了从基于认知计算的三支决策(three-way decisions,3WD)理论来解释人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI),从3WD几何结构的角度阐述了人工智能的发展历程、技术分类、关键研究问题以及未来发展方向。这包括人工智能研究中的三大主义、人工智能发展中的3种分类、机器学习的3种方式、智能本质中的三层金字塔结构、智能生成机理中的三支结构、大数据的三V结构、人工智能伦理的三定律以及人工智能中人类与机器关系的三元结构等。通过3WD三元组的几何结构和模式,尝试对人工智能中三元处理进行解释。本文工作可对3WD在大数据分析、知识发现、计算智能、智能信息处理等方面的研究提供参考。

“天命之性”的现代解读——兼及戴震对朱子的辩驳

天命之性是程朱理学核心概念之一。意思是,人的存在即性,与生俱来。性有二重,一曰气质之性,一曰天命之性,天命之性即理。按现代观念,人的社会存在是其一切社会关系之总和。每个人一出生即落入某些社会关系之中。说社会存在与生俱来,或许成立。但是,朱子所说的天命之性,指的是天理(仁义礼智),落在人身,实为文化存在。此学说的涵义是:人生来就是高贵的,具备尊严。这为现代人人平等的观念奠定了基础。但仁义礼智是否与生俱来,却是个要研讨的问题。本文的解决思路是:将“天命之性”之“天”解读为意义世界,即属于第三世界;而将“天命”解读为来源于意义世界,因其并非与生俱来,而是在成长过程中得其教化。于是,工夫论要作调整,由朱子的复性论改变为充实完满论。自我,即本己存在。自我建构不仅有文化存在维度,还有社会存在维度。社会存在维度可以设计;文化存在维度目的唯一,即朱子所论。戴震深刻剖析了朱子的天命之性,恢复天命之性乃是气禀(血气心知)的古代学说,否定性即理,解构理义、气质二本,破性本善,开启了现代解读之路。

论儒家教化思想的人性论根基

儒家教化思想的框架可概括为“本性立教”,即强调将教化理论建立在人性的基础上,施教者根据人人固有的天命之性,确立与开展教化工作。人性在儒家教化思想中,至少有三个层面的意义:其一,人性蕴含着来自天命的人生目的,即为了成就孝悌美德;其二,人性在经验层面的形态会随着教化的推进,日渐彰显与实现;其三,人性在任何时刻都具有一个朝向至善目的的趋势,因而教化的实质是因性利导。由于儒家并不是将父子之道建立在私情或血缘的基础上,而是视为具有超越与普遍意义的人性,所以儒家教化能够以父子之道作为基础,将孝德推向他人乃至天下万物。其原理是父子之道与天人之道相结合,一切伦理关系都需要置于天人关系的视野下才能得到理解。总之,人性是教化的根基,教化是人性的实现,二者之间相互成就。

辽南海岛型村落空间结构特征分析

要辽南长山群岛位于辽宁省大连市,其四面环海的地理特征导致其村落的生产、生活功能紧密依附自然环境,并在此发展着独特的人居模式。作为一种自诞生就与大陆相隔的生态系统,其空间上的功能组成与结构特征与当地特殊的自然环境紧密相连,具有鲜明的环境特征,海岛型村落则是特殊自然环境下体现人地关系的代表性人居场所。该文结构上采用“宏观—中观—微观”的思维逻辑,对辽南长山群岛整体进行调查研究,并以“人地关系”为出发点,采用一系列图底关系的研究方式对村落各类型空间进行分析并总结出其结构特征,为海岛型村落未来的保护与更新提供设计思路。

基于自然的解决方案在北方防沙带生态屏障建设中的应用

基于自然的解决方案(NbS)通过自然资源高效利用和适应性生态系统管理应对多样化挑战,是国际上普遍认可的生态恢复前沿理念,我国的国家生态屏障建设从本质上是中国特色的NbS,具有系统性、综合性和多尺度特征。NbS的对象、主体、目标以及方案等方面与生态屏障的建设思路上高度契合,相关准则能够为生态屏障建设提供全面的理论思路和实践框架。以北方防沙带生态屏障带为例,从北方防沙带的生态问题入手,深入剖析了NbS与探讨了北方防沙带生态屏障之间的耦合关系,从“格局⁃过程⁃尺度”机理、“服务⁃价值⁃福祉”路径和“保护⁃修复⁃管理”体系角度对NbS实施准则和北方防沙带生态屏障进行了阐述;并结合基于自然解决方案的北方防沙带案例分析,总结了NbS在北方防沙带生态屏障建设中的未来发展趋势和面临的挑战。

从“人与天地相参”论冬令咳嗽之因机证治

“人与天地相参”是《黄帝内经》的重要思想,体现了人与自然界相统一的整体观念,是认识人体脏腑生理病理的理论基础。咳嗽是人体常见的呼吸系统疾病,与肺功能失调密切相关。寒为冬季主气,冬上承阳明燥金之秋、下接厥阴风木之春,若此时燥气至而不去,寒气至而太过,湿气或温热之气非时而至,致病邪气不尽相同,则可致干咳随起、或咳痰并见、或咳兼寒热等,可治以温润凉燥、顺气布津,驱风散寒、祛痰止咳,透湿解表、利气宣肺,清热除寒、宣肺止咳,温助阳气、养肺御寒等法。文章在“人与天地相参”思想指导下,结合肺的生理病理特性,探讨冬令咳嗽的病因、病机及辨治,以期为预防和治疗咳嗽提供一定的理论依据。

从冲突走向融合:人与自然关系演变的四种形态

人与自然的关系问题,不仅是人类社会永续发展的重大现实问题,而且是中外哲学尤其是马克思主义哲学、中国化时代化的马克思主义以及中国古典哲学共同关注的重大理论命题。通过上述理论视域对人类社会漫长发展历史进行审视观照,人与自然之间关系由冲突对抗逐步走向协调和解共经历了四个发展阶段,出现了四种对应的形态,即远古时期听命于自然的“自然中心主义”,农业时期依存于自然的“天地与我并生”,工业化时期征服自然的“人类中心主义”,以及信息化时期尊重自然的“生命共同体”。

“现代人类中心主义”范式下人与自然关系的新解读——以“人类中心主义的生态学马克思主义”为线索

人与自然的关系问题是贯穿生态学马克思主义流派的显性问题,其中作为主体的人如何看待和理解自然是“人类中心主义的生态学马克思主义”的核心论题。“人类中心主义的生态学马克思主义”用“现代人类中心主义”的思维范式重新解读人与自然的关系,具体表现为,历史唯物主义视野彰显人与自然的本真样态;资本主义制度悖谬造成人与自然的关系异化;人类中心主义特质指证人与自然的最终走向。不可否认的是,“人类中心主义的生态学马克思主义”由于自身的局限性,存在着不可避免的缺陷,难以有效应对当前的生态危机。人与自然生命共同体回应了时代问题,超越了生态学马克思主义的“现代人类中心主义”的理论缺陷,构建了人与自然的和谐关系。