New Challenges and Opportunities for Flood Control in the Huai River: Addressing a Changing River-Lake Relationship

This paper addresses the change of the river-lake relationship in the Huai River and its causes due to environmental change and human activities. A preliminary analysis is made from three aspects: (1) the natural geographical change particularly captured by the Yellow River, (2) water conservancy project construction, and (3) socioeconomic development in the Huai River Basin. Key problems of changes in this river-lake relationship and the Huai River flood control are tackled, involving flood control and disaster alleviation ability of the Basin, engineering and non-engineering measurements applied to flood control and disaster mitigation, and water governance for adaptive management. Research shows that the Huai River is a rather complex one due to its complex geography with a hybrid wet and dry climate zoon, and higher population density. With the alternation of the river-lake relationship and socioeconomic development in the region, new problems keep arising, imposing new requirements on its sustainable water management. Thus, understanding the Huai River is a long and gradually improving process. Its future planning should keep absorbing new achievements of science and technology development, employing new technologies and methods, and gradually deepening our understanding of its fundamental principles. Water governance and adaptive water management will be new challenges and opportunities for the Basin in its river system change and flood control.

Distribution of winter-spring snow over the Tibetan Plateau and its relationship with summer precipitationin Yangtze River

The distribution of winter-spring snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau （TP） and its relationship with summer precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River Valley （MLYRV） during 2003-2013 have been investigated with the moderate-resolution imaging spectrometer （MODIS） Terra data （MOD10A2） and precipitation observations. Results show that snow cover percentage （SCP） remains approximately 20% in winter and spring then tails off to below 5% with warmer temperature and snow melt in summer. The lower and highest percentages present a declining tendency while the middle SCP exhibits an opposite variation. The maximum value appears from the middle of October to March and the minimum emerges from July to August. The annual and winter-spring SCPs present a decreasing tendency. Snow cover is mainly situated in the periphery of the plateau and mountainous regions, and less snow in the interior of the plateau, basin and valley areas in view of snow cover frequency （SCF） over the TP. Whatever annual or winter-spring snow cover, they all have remarkable declining tendency during 2003-2013, and annual snow cover presents a decreasing trend in the interior of the TP and increasing trend in the periphery of the TP. Hie multi-year averaged eight-day SCP is negatively related to mean precipitation in the MLYRV. Spring SCP is negatively related to summer precipitation while winter SCP is positively related to summer precipitation in most parts of the MLYRV. Hence, the influence of winter snow cover on precipitation is much more significant than that in spring on the basis of correlation analysis. The oscillation of SCF from southeast to northwest over the TP corresponds well to the beginning,development and cessation of the rain belt in eastern China.

Change of Annual Extreme Water Levels and Correlation with River Discharges in the Middle-lower Yangtze River: Characteristics and Possible Affecting Factors

As one of the fastest developing regions in China, the middle-lower Yangtze River （MLYR） is vulnerable to floods and droughts. With obtained time series of annual highest water level （HWL）, annual lowest water level （LWL） and the corresponding fiver discharges from three gauging stations in MLYR that covering the period 1987-2011, the current study evaluated the change character- istics of annual extreme water levels and the correlation with fiver discharges by using the methods of Vend test, Mann-Whitney-Pettitt （MWP） test and double mass analysis. Major result indicated a decreasing/increasing trend for annual HWL/LWL of all stations in MLYR during the study period. A change point in 1999 was identified for annual HWL at the Hankou and Datong stations. The year 2006 was found to be the critical year that the relationship between annual extreme water levels and fiver discharges changed in the MLYR. With contrast to annual LWL in MLYR, further investigation revealed that the change characteristics of annual HWL were highly consistent with regional precipitation in the Yangtze River Basin, while the linkage with Three Gorges Dam （TGD） operation is not strong. Our observation also pointed out that the effect of serious down cutting of the riverbed and the enlargement of the cross-section area during the initial period of TGD operation caused the downward trend of the relationship between annual LWL and river discharge. Whereas, the relatively raised river water level before the flood season due to TGD regulation since 2006 explained for the changing upward trend of the relationship between annual HWL and river discharge.

Linkage between riverbed scouring or deposition and the evolution of central bars:Case study in the Yangzhong reach of the Yangtze River

Understanding the relationship between unbalanced riverbed scouring or deposition and the evolution of central bars in natural conditions and human activity is useful for river regime control and waterway improvement projects.Toward this end,we utilized the Yangzhong reach in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River as a case study and evaluated runoff,sediment content,and topographical data measured over the past 70 years(1951–2021).With the decrease in the amount of incoming sediment in the river basin,the Yangzhong reach exhibited a continuous state of scouring.The cumulative riverbed scouring volumes of the low-water and flood channels from 1981 to 2021 were 3.97×10^(8)and 4.14×10^(8)m^(3),respectively,with the riverbed scouring volume of the low-water channel accounting for 95.9%of that of the flood channel.Under quasi-natural runoff–sediment conditions,the evolution of the central bars in the Yangzhong reach was highly correlated with the amount of scouring or deposition.In particular,the Luochengzhou reach could be characterized as a meandering river with scouring on concave riverbanks and deposition on convex riverbanks.In the context of reduced incoming sediment,the beach area of the Yangzhong reach decreased by approximately 9.9%(from 2003 to 2021)and the central bars of the straight section areas decreased.Moreover,following operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir,both the Luocheng central bar and Jiangyin beach areas could be characterized as meandering rivers with convex riverbanks and beaches.In the quasi-natural period before the implementation of the waterway improvement project,the trend of high scouring intensity and increased fluid diversion ratio in the right branch of the Luocheng central bar was in accordance with the law that the short branch of the length is in a developing state under the condition of decreasing river sediment volume.With the control of riverbank protection and the construction of waterway improvement projects in the Yangzhong reach,the shapes of the riverbanks and central bars were effectively stabilized,and the linkage relationship formed in the quasi-natural period was interrupted.Overall,these findings provide a strong foundation for understanding riverbed scouring or deposition and the evolution of central bars under the influence of natural conditions and human activities,and will inform future river management and waterway dimension planning.

Decadal Change in the Influence of the Western North Pacific Subtropical High on Summer Rainfall over the Yangtze River Basin in the Late 1970s

It is well known that on the interannual timescale,the westward extension of the western North Pacific subtropical high(WNPSH)results in enhanced rainfall over the Yangtze River basin(YRB)in summer,and vice versa.This study identifies that this correspondence experiences a decadal change in the late 1970s.That is,the WNPSH significantly affects YRB precipitation(YRBP)after the late 1970s(P2)but not before the late 1970s(P1).It is found that enhanced interannual variability of the WNPSH favors its effect on YRB rainfall in P2.On the other hand,after removing the strong WNPSH cases in P2 and making the WNPSH variability equivalent to that in P1,the WNPSH can still significantly affect YRB rainfall,suggesting that the WNPSH variability is not the only factor that affects the WNPSH-YRBP relationship.Further results indicate that the change in basic state of thermal conditions in the tropical WNP provides a favorable background for the enhanced WNPSH-YRBP relationship.In P2,the lower-tropospheric atmosphere in the tropical WNP gets warmer and wetter,and thus the meridional gradient of climatological equivalent potential temperature over the YRB is enhanced.As a result,the WNPSH-related circulation anomalies can more effectively induce YRB rainfall anomalies through affecting the meridional gradient of equivalent potential temperature over the YRB.

Dominant variation modes associated with Yangtze–Huai River Basin summer heavy rainfall events

The Yangtze–Huai River Basin(YHRB)always suffers from anomalously heavy rainfall during the warm season,and has been well explored as a whole area during the past several decades.In this study,the YHRB is divided into two core regions-the northern YHRB(nYHRB)and southern YHRB(sYHRB)-based on 29-year(1979–2007)June–July–August(JJA)temporally averaged daily rainfall rates and the standard deviation of rainfall.A spectral analysis of JJA daily rainfall data over these 29 years reveals that a 3–7-day synoptic-timescale high-frequency mode is absolutely dominant over the nYHRB,with 10–20-day and 15–40-day modes playing a secondary role.By contrast,3–7-day and 10–20-day modes are both significant over the sYHRB,with 7–14-day,15–40-day,and 20–60-day modes playing secondary roles.Based on a comparison between bandpass-filtered rainfall anomalies and original rainfall series,a total of 42,1,5,and 3 heavy rainfall events(daily rainfall amounts in the top 5%of rainy days)are detected over the nYHRB,corresponding to 3–7-day,7–14-day,10–20-day,and 15–40-day variation disturbances.Meanwhile,a total of 28,8,12,and 6 heavy rainfall events are detected over the sYHRB,corresponding to 3–7-day,7–14-day,10–20-day,and 20–60-day variation disturbances.The results have important implications for understanding the duration of summer heavy rainfall events over both regions.

Quantitative relationship between channels and bars in a tidal reach of the lower Yangtze River:Implications for river management

Deep-water navigation channels in the tidal reaches of the lower Yangtze River are affected by water and sediment fluxes that produce complex shoals and unstable channel conditions.The Fujiangsha reach is particularly difficult to manage,as it has many braided channels within the tidal fluctuation zone.In this study,hydrologic and topographic data from the Fujiangsha reach from 2012 to 2017 were used to examine the variations in deposition and erosion,flow diversion,shoals,and channel conditions.Since the Three Gorges Dam became operational and water storage was initiated,the Fujiangsha reach has shown an overall tendency toward erosion.Channels deeper than 10 m accounted for 83.7% of the total erosion of the Fujiangsha reach during 2012-2017.Moreover,the dominant channel-forming sediments have gradually changed from suspended sediments to a mixed load of suspended and bed-load sediments.Deposition volumes of these sediments has varied significantly among different channels,but has mainly occurred in the Fubei channel.Furthermore,periodic variations in the Jingjiang point bar have followed a deposition-erosion-deposition pattern,and the downstream Shuangjian shoal mid-channel bar has been scoured and shortened.Approximately 44.0% of the bed load from the upstream Fujiangsha reach is deposited within the 12.5-m deep Fubei channel.The increased erosion and river flow from the Jingjiang point bar and the Shuangjian shoal during the flood season constituted 59.3% and 40.7%,respectively,of the total amount of siltation in the Fubei channel.

Applying energy theory to understand the relationship between the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake

The complex relationship between the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake controls the exchange of water and sediment between the two, and exerts effects on water resources, flooding, shipping, and the ecological environment. The theory of energy is applied in this paper to investigate the physical mechanisms that determine the nature of the contact between the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake and to establish an energy difference （Fe） index to quantify the interactions between the two systems. Data show that Fe values for this interac- tion have increased since the 1950s, indicating a weakening in the river effect while the lake effect has been enhanced, Enclosure of the Three Gorges Reservoir （TGR） has also signifi- cantly influenced the relationship between the river and the lake by further reducing the im- pacts of the Yangtze River, The river effect also increases slightly during the dry season, and decreases significantly at the end of the flooding period, while interactions between the two to some extent influence the development of droughts and floods within the lake area. Data show that when the flow of the five rivers within this area is significant and a blocking effect due to the Yangtze River is also clearly apparent, floods occur easily; in contrast, when the opposite is true and the flow of the five rivers is small, and the Yangtze River can accommodate the flow, droughts occur frequently. Construction and enclosure of the TGR also means that the lake area is prone to droughts during September and October.

干旱区与湿润区旱涝急转演变特征对比研究

以长江、黄河和淮河流域为研究对象,基于标准化旱涝急转指数,利用趋势分析、变点检验、小波分析、随机森林等方法探究典型干旱区与湿润区旱涝急转演变特征及其驱动因子。结果表明:湿润和半湿润区是极端旱涝急转事件的高频发生区,干旱区是极端旱转涝事件的高频发生区;干旱区的突变发生在1998年,湿润区的突变在1978年,未来干旱区更易发生旱转涝事件,湿润区则相反;气象因子在湿润区对旱涝急转的贡献度更大,大气环流对干旱区的影响突出,旱涝急转与不同驱动因子间存在非线性关系。

1990-2020年长三角地区生境质量与夜间灯光的空间关系

基于1990-2020年长三角地区的土地利用数据和夜间灯光数据,运用InVEST生境质量评估模型、双变量空间自相关、相关系数对生境质量与夜间灯光的时空关系进行研究,并应用地理加权回归和归纳法分析两者的响应规律,结果表明:(1)浙江省总体上生境最优且城镇发展最快,安徽省在城镇快速发展的同时生境相对下降最少,生境质量和夜间灯光空间分布格局呈现出与区位、地形等因素的空间耦合性。(2)长三角地区生境质量与夜间灯光指数随着时间的发展空间上的依赖性越来越强,聚类模式主要为高-低、低-高及低-低3种。高-低聚类区域主要分布在浙江省和安徽省的南部、西部的山地丘陵,研究期内呈现缩小的趋势;低-高聚类区域在长三角东部平原区呈集聚分布、北部平原丘陵区呈零散分布,呈现扩张趋势。(3)不同年份各省份生境质量与夜间灯光指数呈显著负相关,且经济越发达的省份,生境质量与夜间灯光指数的负相关关系越强;生境质量与夜间灯光指数呈高度负相关的区县主要分布在长江下游沿岸和浙江省东部,相关性不显著的区县主要分布在安徽省、江苏省的北部,变化类型以负相关关系持续增强型占比最高。(4)生境质量与夜间灯光指数的相关关系随着城市发展呈U型变化,即随着城市发展,生境质量与夜间灯光指数的负相关关系先增强后下降。研究结果可为长三角城市可持续发展、生境调控提供前期基础。

长江中游戴家洲河段滩群联动演变及其对航道工程的响应机制

航道浅滩演变与滩槽形态调整具有强关联性,识别滩槽形态、河床冲淤与航道工程的响应关系,对评估航道工程实施效果具有重要意义。以长江中游戴家洲河段为对象,采用1954—2022年期间实测水沙和地形资料,解析滩群演变联动关系及对航道工程的响应机制。结果表明:①自然水沙阶段(2008年以前),巴河边滩与池湖港边滩关联性强,池湖港边滩淤涨并减弱了燕矶节点挑流作用,加速了戴家洲洲头低滩上延,而巴河边滩淤涨使得戴家洲洲头低滩冲刷,但流域来沙量减少增加了洲头低滩冲刷速率;戴家洲汊道分流关系不稳定且汉口站相同流量条件下的右汊分流比为减少态势,来沙量低的大水年份加速戴家洲右缘蚀退并为乐家湾边滩淤宽提供了空间。②航道工程影响阶段(2008年以来),航道工程实施使得戴家洲洲头低滩上延,其右缘冲刷应引起重视;戴家洲汊道进口段航道工程压缩了河道横向空间并加速了巴河边滩冲失趋势,池湖港边滩侧蚀使得分汊段水流分散程度增加,不利于汊道进口段浅滩水动力的稳定或增强;戴家洲右缘洲体守护后的完整性增强,乐家湾边滩由淤涨转为冲刷过程形成的分离体进入航槽并碍航,6m水深航道工程实施后乐家湾边滩完整性增强,右汊中下段浅区航道条件改善。

高等教育发展、技术创新与产业结构升级的耦合关系及其收敛性、动态演进分析——以长江经济带为例

构建耦合协调度模型对长江经济带高等教育发展、技术创新与产业结构升级之间耦合协调关系进行测度,并分析其收敛性和动态演进趋势。研究结果表明:考察期内长江经济带各省市高等教育发展、技术创新与产业结构升级耦合协调水平总体处于上升趋势,但耦合水平较低,贵州和云南一直处于极度失调阶段,安徽、江西、湖北、湖南、四川、重庆由极度失调阶段过渡到严重失调阶段;上海则在中度失调和轻度失调之间徘徊;浙江由严重失调阶段进入中度失调和轻度失调阶段;江苏省由轻度失调进入濒临失调、勉强协调阶段;长江经济带高等教育发展、技术创新与产业结构升级耦合协调度存在δ-收敛和β-收敛;耦合协调水平差异在扩大,出现了多极化现象。

旅游产业集聚与旅游生态安全的互动关系研究——以长江中游城市群为例

系统审视旅游产业集聚与旅游生态安全的互动关系对促进旅游高质量发展与生态可持续性发展具有重要意义。以长江中游城市群的26个城市为研究对象,基于区位熵和模糊物元模型分别测度2010—2021年各城市旅游产业集聚水平和旅游生态安全,并运用PVAR模型探讨旅游产业集聚与旅游生态安全的互动关系。研究结果表明:时间序列上,长江中游城市群旅游产业集聚水平和旅游生态安全整体呈现稳步上升的态势,旅游产业集聚水平的区域差异随时间变化不断提升,而旅游生态安全的区域差异则不断下降。空间分布上,长江中游城市群旅游产业集聚中高水平区占据主导地位,呈现出“环鄱阳湖城市群>环长株潭城市群>武汉城市圈”的格局;旅游生态安全呈现出以武汉市、南昌市与长沙市为主的“三足鼎立”的分布格局。长江中游城市群旅游产业集聚和旅游生态安全存在显著的互促关系,方差分解结果表明,旅游产业集聚和旅游生态安全受自身影响最大,且旅游产业集聚对旅游生态安全的影响远大于旅游生态安全对旅游产业集聚的影响。

新时代港口与城市协调发展研究--以长三角地区为例

研究聚焦经典的港城关系问题,在新时代背景下重新审视港口与城市互动发展的新内涵。以长三角为案例区域,利用耦合度、耦合协调度模型,定量测度2013年以来长三角地区24个港口与城市的协调发展水平,结果显示:长三角地区港口与城市耦合协调度整体上升明显,呈现“高水平耦合、中水平协调”的特征;在省域尺度,三省一市港城关系耦合度和耦合协调度均存在明显的梯度差异,由东向西逐渐下降,具体表现为C/D上海>C/D江苏>C/D浙江>C/D安徽;在城市尺度,长三角地区绝大部分港口与城市已经进入高度耦合、良性发展阶段,仅有舟山和池州港城耦合情况不理想。耦合协调度形成显著的4个等级,包括:以上海为代表的极度协调型,以苏州、宁波、南京、无锡为代表的高度协调型,以杭州、南通、扬州、芜湖等12个城市为代表的中度协调型,以湖州、台州、合肥、安庆等7个城市为代表的低度协调型。最后从统筹协调、港城融合、政策创新、开放包容等方面提出长三角地区港城协调发展的路径。

基于径流侵蚀功率的长江典型流域能沙关系模型及改进

基于径流侵蚀功率概念建立流域能沙关系模型,可为长江流域泥沙变化精准模拟与水土保持规划提供技术支撑。该研究以长江典型流域及其典型小流域为研究对象,通过收集1965—2018年金沙江流域、嘉陵江流域和湘江流域3个典型流域逐日水沙数据以及万安和李子口2个典型小流域2014—2020年场次降水径流泥沙数据,采用径流侵蚀功率、径流量和降雨侵蚀力对比分析不同时空尺度水沙(径流量和输沙量)、雨沙(降雨侵蚀力和输沙量)和能沙(径流侵蚀功率和输沙量)关系的优劣性,解析能沙关系优越性,并识别能沙关系非一致性变化,从而改进能沙关系模型提高流域输沙量模拟精度。结果表明:1)长江流域3个典型流域及2个典型小流域,在绝大部分情况下能沙关系的表现总是优于水沙关系和雨沙关系,在场次、月和年尺度修正的决定系数最大值分别可达到0.94、0.87和0.54。2)对于不同时间尺度,其流量序列中任意2个流量乘积与输沙量的相关性较高时,第一个流量Q_(1)分位点总是接近1且第二个流量Q_(2)分位点在0.5附近或者高于0.5。基于径流侵蚀功率可以较为准确地计算不同时空尺度流域输沙量,具有明显适用性。3)随着时间升尺度,水沙、雨沙和能沙关系逐渐变差,3个典型流域径流侵蚀功率和输沙量在一些月份上均存在显著变化趋势和显著突变点(P<0.05)。特别是在年尺度上,输沙量均为显著减少趋势(P<0.05),其能沙关系均表现出非一致性变化。4)水库建设和植被增加是导致流域能沙关系变差的重要原因,其均与输沙量呈现极显著负相关(P<0.001)。通过考虑水库指数和NDVI改进能沙关系模型的年决定系数(R^(2))可提高27.28%~97.62%。研究成果可支撑开发新的流域泥沙预报模型,服务长江流域生态保护与高质量发展。

高铁网络发展下的站城空间与功能关系研究--以长三角地区为例

在过去近20年里,中国高铁网络化已成为城市和区域空间发展的重要推动力,各级政府也在不同层面上实施了高铁站区建设与城市空间协同发展策略。为此,建立站城空间及站城功能联系的分析框架,以长三角为案例区,探讨不同类型高铁站的站区发育及站城关系特征。结果表明,长三角地区高铁站城联系具有较大的分异特征,大多站区功能发育水平较低,区域中心城市和部分地级城市与其主要高铁站区之间相互强化发展,而其他高铁城市与站区之间功能联系有待提升,不同类型高铁站的站城功能联系发育水平受站区、城市和区域因素的交互影响。结合站区发展潜力、地区差异化的高铁出行需求、城市空间发展规划,建议提升站城交通服务质量、分类分级培育站区主导功能、优化站城功能联系。

长江上游凯江流域径流侵蚀功率时空分布与输沙关系

水土流失是长江上游面临的首要生态环境问题,准确把握区域水土流失的规律及其发展趋势是关键。基于SWAT模型和径流侵蚀功率理论,分析了该区域典型流域凯江的径流侵蚀功率时空分布特征及其与输沙的关系。结果表明:径流模拟结果在率定期和验证期基本满足R^(2)>0.85,NSE>0.75,PBIAS<±15%,评价指标均达可信以上程度。2009—2018年径流侵蚀功率年际变化大,在多年尺度上干支流表现出“上游大、下游小”的空间分布特征。另外,多种水沙关系对比分析表明,输沙模数与径流侵蚀功率主要呈幂函数关系。研究成果可为科学治理水土流失和准确预测输沙提供理论依据。

长江经济带生态系统服务时空变化及权衡/协同关系研究

长江经济带是生态文明建设的先行示范带,探明生态系统服务时空变化及权衡/协同关系,对区域生态环境可持续发展具有重要意义。基于土地利用转移矩阵、修正的当量因子法、敏感性指数、空间自相关分析及Pearson相关系数等方法,定量分析了长江经济带2000—2020年土地利用情况及其对生态系统服务的时空响应,并探究了各生态系统服务的权衡/协同关系,结果表明:长江经济带土地利用类型主要为林地、耕地和草地,其中转出面积和转入面积最多的分别为耕地和林地;长江经济带生态系统服务价值由2000年的70195.01亿元增长至2020年的70426.23亿元,增长率为0.33%;生态系统服务以水文调节、气候调节、土壤保持和气体调节为主;长江经济带生态系统服务价值的空间分布表现为上游>中游>下游;研究区生态系统服务价值空间分布的集聚效应显著,高高集聚区集中在上游地区,低低集聚区集中在下游的江苏省和安徽省等,低高集聚区集中在四川省攀枝花市;协同关系是长江经济带生态系统服务的主导关系,协同关系占比为63.64%。

基于GEE的长江-淮河流域湖泊水体长时序变化监测

湖泊在调节洪水和提供水源方面具有重要意义,长江-淮河流域(长淮流域)平原湖泊群的蓄水变化对缓解洪水压力和调节径流至关重要。为了实现对流域内水体变化的长期监测,研究使用Google Earth Engine(GEE)云计算平台和水体提取算法计算流域内2000—2021年共22年的水体频率,生成了逐年的30 m空间分辨率地表水体图,并计算每年丰水期、平水期和枯水期的水体面积。研究发现,长淮流域水体主要分布于长江、淮河沿线以及五大淡水湖所在流域。22年中,流域内水体面积呈现波动变化,2011年3种频率水体面积均是最低,2020年的丰水期水体面积和平水期水体面积达到最高。通过分析长淮流域在同一时期的气候变化发现,降雨量的变化趋势与水体面积的变化趋势几乎一致,表明流域内水量变化主要由降雨量主导。

长江经济带居民健康水平和经济发展水平的耦合关系及空间格局研究

文章构建了长江经济带居民健康水平与经济发展水平的耦合协调模型,分析2017—2021年长江经济带两系统间耦合协调发展关系及变化趋势,并进一步探讨其空间分布格局和关联特征。结果发现,两系统发展水平差异逐渐缩小,但经济发展水平仍滞后于健康水平;耦合协调度均值由0.556增长到0.647,呈现“下游高,中上游低”的空间格局分布,说明存在地区间不平衡;全局莫兰指数均大于0,表示存在趋同聚集,局域空间自相关分析结果集中于高高聚集区和低低聚集区。研究结果为推动长江经济带地区居民健康水平与经济发展水平提升、促进两系统间协调发展提供参考。