The Interaction of Population,Industry and Land in Process of Urbanization in China:A Case Study in Jilin Province

Urbanization is a complex process that covers a wide range of topics, of which population, industry and land urbanization are three important aspects. Jilin Province is an important agricultural province in China. The contradiction between population, industry and land urbanization is especially prominent here, and its coupling development is of great practical significance. In this paper, the coupling degree of population-industry-land urbanization in Jilin Province in 1990, 2000 and 2010 is measured by coupling mode. The spatial pattern of the coupling degree is analyzed by trend surface analysis and global and local spatial autocorrelation. The influence factors and their spatial differentiation are discussed using multiple linear regression(MLR) model and geographic weighted regression(GWR) model. The results show that: 1) the coupling degree of population-industry-land urbanization in Jilin Province is at a low level. Judging from the change of time scale, the urbanization of most research units is becoming more and more coordinated. From the comparison of spatial scales, there is significant spatial difference in the research units of different administrative levels. 2) Judging from the global change trend, the coupling degree of population-industry-land urbanization in the central region is higher than that in western and eastern regions. The coordination of urbanization in the central region is relatively good, and the distribution of the cold and hot spots is basically the same as that overall. 3) The spatial pattern of the coupling degree is related to the cold and hot spot distribution of the influence coefficient of urban population density and per capita urban construction land. The variation of the coupling degree spatial pattern is synchronous with the spatial change of the urban population density influence coefficient. 4) The degree of agglomeration of the urban population is the main factor promoting the coupling pattern of population-industry-land urbanization in Jilin Province, and the extent of its influence is gradually increasing. In addition, the level of city administrative, the efficiency of urban expansion and the capacity of market consumption also have an important influence on the coupling pattern.

Intuitionistic fuzzy DEMATEL for developing causal relationship of water security

Purpose–This study aims to develop a cause-effect relationship between criteria that contribute to water security using the Intuitionistic Fuzzy-Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory(IF-DEMATEL)method.Differently from the typical DEMATEL which utilizes crisp numbers,this modification introduces intuitionistic fuzzy numbers(IFNs)to enhance judgments in a group decision-making environment.In particular,the linguistic variables used in IF-DEMATEL are defined using the concept of three-tuple of IFNs.Design/methodology/approach–Data with the linguistic variable“influence”were collected from a group of experts in water security via personalunstructured interviews.Seven water security criteria are considered in this study.Computational software was employed to execute the computational procedures of the IF-DEMATEL method.It is anticipated that by taking into account the hesitation degree of IFNs will reflect the scenario in real life,which could lead to precise decision-making.Findings–Theresultsshowthat“Over-Abstraction”,“SaltwaterIntrusion”and“LimitedInfrastructures”are the cause criteria that contribute to water security.In addition,the relationship map of influence shows that“Water Pollution”and“Rapid Urbanization”are the most vulnerable criteria as these two criteria are most easily affected by other criteria in a unidirectional relation.Practicalimplications–It is anticipated that these findings will serve as useful references for water security management and policymakers.Originality/value–The present study makes a noteworthy contribution to the modification of DEMATEL where three-tuple of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers are considered in the computations.The present study also provides additional evidence with respect to factors that contribute to water security.