矿山遗迹地的生态修复是促进人与自然和谐共生、实现绿色低碳发展的重要举措。干旱区矿山遗迹地立地条件差,植被覆盖率低,采矿活动造成的土壤侵蚀强烈,确定科学合理的恢复模式是生态修复成功与否的关键。以宁夏中卫市的典型石灰岩矿山...矿山遗迹地的生态修复是促进人与自然和谐共生、实现绿色低碳发展的重要举措。干旱区矿山遗迹地立地条件差,植被覆盖率低,采矿活动造成的土壤侵蚀强烈,确定科学合理的恢复模式是生态修复成功与否的关键。以宁夏中卫市的典型石灰岩矿山遗迹地为研究对象,通过对比7种生态修复植物在不同土壤基质重构措施下的土壤温、湿度和有机质,以及植物的存活率和新生枝相对生长速率(Relative growth rate of new shoots,RGRs)等指标,筛选出适宜干旱区石灰岩矿山遗迹地生态修复的最优模式,构建了土壤改良-植被重建联合的生态恢复方案。结果表明:(1)土壤基质重构措施是石灰岩矿山生态修复的前提条件,有效地改善了植物定植环境,不同土壤基质重构模式的植物存活率表现为:土+有机肥>砂+土+有机肥>砂+土+复合肥;(2)土壤有机质的范围为0.56~2.84 g·kg^(-1),植物种和土壤基质及二者的交互作用对土壤有机质含量具有极显著影响(P<0.001);(3)RGRs的范围为1.51~1.87 mm·cm^(-1)·month^(-1),不同植物种的RGRs存在显著性差异;(4)通过系统聚类分析得到本研究区最适宜的生态修复模式为砂+土+有机肥(沙拐枣或短穗柽柳)。本研究从土壤改良-植被重建角度提出的联合生态修复方案可为干旱区矿山生态修复提供理论依据和实践参考。展开更多
The strategy of choosing suitable plants should receive great performance in phytoremediation of surface water polluted by triazophos (O,O-diethyl-O-(1-phenyl- 1,2,4-triazol-3-base) sulfur phosphate, TAP), which i...The strategy of choosing suitable plants should receive great performance in phytoremediation of surface water polluted by triazophos (O,O-diethyl-O-(1-phenyl- 1,2,4-triazol-3-base) sulfur phosphate, TAP), which is an organophosphorus pesticide widespread applied for agriculture in China and moderately toxic to higher animal and fish. The tolerance, uptake, transformation and removal of TAP by twelve species of macrophytes were examined in a hydroponic system and a comprehensive score (CS) of five parameters (relative growth rate (RGR), biomass, root/shoot ratio, removal capacity (RC), and bio-concentration factor (BCF)) by factor analysis was employed to screen the potential macrophyte species for TAP phytoremediation. The results showed that Thalia dealbata, Cyperus alternifolius, Canna indica and Acorus calamus had higher RGR values, indicating these four species having stronger growth capacity under TAP stress. The higher RC loading in Iris pseudacorus and Cyperus rotundus were 42.11 and 24.63μg/(g fw.day), respectively. The highest values of BCF occurred in A. calamus (1.17), and TF occurred in Eichhornia crassipes (2.14). Biomass and root/shoot ratio of plant showed significant positive correlation with first-order kinetic constant of TAP removal in the hydroponic system, indicating that plant biomass and root system play important roles in remediation of TAP. Five plant species including C. alternifolius, A. calamus, T. dealbata, C. indica and Typha orientalis, which owned higher CS, would be potential species for TAP phytoremediation of contaminated water bodies.展开更多
文摘矿山遗迹地的生态修复是促进人与自然和谐共生、实现绿色低碳发展的重要举措。干旱区矿山遗迹地立地条件差,植被覆盖率低,采矿活动造成的土壤侵蚀强烈,确定科学合理的恢复模式是生态修复成功与否的关键。以宁夏中卫市的典型石灰岩矿山遗迹地为研究对象,通过对比7种生态修复植物在不同土壤基质重构措施下的土壤温、湿度和有机质,以及植物的存活率和新生枝相对生长速率(Relative growth rate of new shoots,RGRs)等指标,筛选出适宜干旱区石灰岩矿山遗迹地生态修复的最优模式,构建了土壤改良-植被重建联合的生态恢复方案。结果表明:(1)土壤基质重构措施是石灰岩矿山生态修复的前提条件,有效地改善了植物定植环境,不同土壤基质重构模式的植物存活率表现为:土+有机肥>砂+土+有机肥>砂+土+复合肥;(2)土壤有机质的范围为0.56~2.84 g·kg^(-1),植物种和土壤基质及二者的交互作用对土壤有机质含量具有极显著影响(P<0.001);(3)RGRs的范围为1.51~1.87 mm·cm^(-1)·month^(-1),不同植物种的RGRs存在显著性差异;(4)通过系统聚类分析得到本研究区最适宜的生态修复模式为砂+土+有机肥(沙拐枣或短穗柽柳)。本研究从土壤改良-植被重建角度提出的联合生态修复方案可为干旱区矿山生态修复提供理论依据和实践参考。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20877093, 51278355)
文摘The strategy of choosing suitable plants should receive great performance in phytoremediation of surface water polluted by triazophos (O,O-diethyl-O-(1-phenyl- 1,2,4-triazol-3-base) sulfur phosphate, TAP), which is an organophosphorus pesticide widespread applied for agriculture in China and moderately toxic to higher animal and fish. The tolerance, uptake, transformation and removal of TAP by twelve species of macrophytes were examined in a hydroponic system and a comprehensive score (CS) of five parameters (relative growth rate (RGR), biomass, root/shoot ratio, removal capacity (RC), and bio-concentration factor (BCF)) by factor analysis was employed to screen the potential macrophyte species for TAP phytoremediation. The results showed that Thalia dealbata, Cyperus alternifolius, Canna indica and Acorus calamus had higher RGR values, indicating these four species having stronger growth capacity under TAP stress. The higher RC loading in Iris pseudacorus and Cyperus rotundus were 42.11 and 24.63μg/(g fw.day), respectively. The highest values of BCF occurred in A. calamus (1.17), and TF occurred in Eichhornia crassipes (2.14). Biomass and root/shoot ratio of plant showed significant positive correlation with first-order kinetic constant of TAP removal in the hydroponic system, indicating that plant biomass and root system play important roles in remediation of TAP. Five plant species including C. alternifolius, A. calamus, T. dealbata, C. indica and Typha orientalis, which owned higher CS, would be potential species for TAP phytoremediation of contaminated water bodies.