CsPbX_(3)-based(X=I,Br,Cl)inorganic perovskite solar cells(PSCs)prepared by low-temperature process have attracted much attention because of their low cost and excellent thermal stability.However,the high trap state d...CsPbX_(3)-based(X=I,Br,Cl)inorganic perovskite solar cells(PSCs)prepared by low-temperature process have attracted much attention because of their low cost and excellent thermal stability.However,the high trap state density and serious charge recombination between low-temperature processed TiO_(2)film and inorganic perovskite layer interface seriously restrict the performance of all-inorganic PSCs.Here a thin polyethylene oxide(PEO)layer is employed to modify TiO_(2)film to passivate traps and promote carrier collection.The impacts of PEO layer on microstructure and photoelectric characteristics of TiO_(2)film and related devices are systematically studied.Characterization results suggest that PEO modification can reduce the surface roughness of TiO_(2)film,decrease its average surface potential,and passivate trap states.At optimal conditions,the champion efficiency of CsPbI_(2)Br PSCs with PEO-modified TiO_(2)(PEO-PSCs)has been improved to 11.24%from 9.03%of reference PSCs.Moreover,the hysteresis behavior and charge recombination have been suppressed in PEO-PSCs.展开更多
To solve the problem of long response time when users obtain suitable cutting parameters through the Internet based platform,a case-based reasoning framework is proposed.Specifically,a Hamming distance and Euclidean d...To solve the problem of long response time when users obtain suitable cutting parameters through the Internet based platform,a case-based reasoning framework is proposed.Specifically,a Hamming distance and Euclidean distance combined method is designed to measure the similarity of case features which have both numeric and category properties.In addition,AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)and entropy weight method are integrated to provide features weight,where both user preferences and comprehensive impact of the index have been concerned.Grey relation analysis is used to obtain the similarity of a new problem and alternative cases.Finally,a platform is also developed on Visual Studio 2015,and a case study is demonstrated to verify the practicality and efficiency of the proposed method.This method can obtain cutting parameters which is suitable without iterative calculation.Compared with the traditional PSO(Particle swarm optimization algorithm)and GA(Genetic algorithm),it can obtain faster response speed.This method can provide ideas for selecting processing parameters in industrial production.While guaranteeing the characteristic information is similar,this approach can select processing parameters which is the most appropriate for the production process and a lot of time can be saved.展开更多
In low-temperature processes, there are interactions between heat exchanger network(HEN) and refrigeration system. The modification on HEN of the chilling train for increasing energy recovery does not always coordinat...In low-temperature processes, there are interactions between heat exchanger network(HEN) and refrigeration system. The modification on HEN of the chilling train for increasing energy recovery does not always coordinate with the minimum shaft work consumption of the corresponding refrigeration system. In this paper, a systematic approach for optimizing low-temperature system is presented through mathematical method and exergy analysis. The possibility of "pockets", which appears as right nose section in the grand composite curve(EGCC) of the process, is first optimized. The EGCC with the pockets cutting down is designed as a separate part. A case study is used to illustrate the application of the approach for a HEN of a chilling train with propylene and ethylene refrigerant system in an ethylene production process.展开更多
The joint entity relation extraction model which integrates the semantic information of relation is favored by relevant researchers because of its effectiveness in solving the overlapping of entities,and the method of...The joint entity relation extraction model which integrates the semantic information of relation is favored by relevant researchers because of its effectiveness in solving the overlapping of entities,and the method of defining the semantic template of relation manually is particularly prominent in the extraction effect because it can obtain the deep semantic information of relation.However,this method has some problems,such as relying on expert experience and poor portability.Inspired by the rule-based entity relation extraction method,this paper proposes a joint entity relation extraction model based on a relation semantic template automatically constructed,which is abbreviated as RSTAC.This model refines the extraction rules of relation semantic templates from relation corpus through dependency parsing and realizes the automatic construction of relation semantic templates.Based on the relation semantic template,the process of relation classification and triplet extraction is constrained,and finally,the entity relation triplet is obtained.The experimental results on the three major Chinese datasets of DuIE,SanWen,and FinRE showthat the RSTAC model successfully obtains rich deep semantics of relation,improves the extraction effect of entity relation triples,and the F1 scores are increased by an average of 0.96% compared with classical joint extraction models such as CasRel,TPLinker,and RFBFN.展开更多
On April 17, 2017 the new process of low-temperature fixed-bed Fisher-Tropsch reaction using the JL-GX catalyst developed independently by the Beijing Jingli Clean Energy Technology Company, Ltd., has been realized th...On April 17, 2017 the new process of low-temperature fixed-bed Fisher-Tropsch reaction using the JL-GX catalyst developed independently by the Beijing Jingli Clean Energy Technology Company, Ltd., has been realized through the commissioning of the commercial demonstration unit at the Xingtai Rising Sun Chemical Company. In comparison with the conventional Fisher-Tropsch process, this novel Fisher-Tropsch process can be adapted to a variety of feed gases, which besides natural gas can also use the industrial offgases (including the coke oven gas, the coal seam gas, the oilfield associated gas, and the marsh gas) to manufacture synthetic chemicals through Fisher-Tropsch process.展开更多
To solve the query processing correctness problem for semantic-based relational data integration,the semantics of SAPRQL(simple protocol and RDF query language) queries is defined.In the course of query rewriting,al...To solve the query processing correctness problem for semantic-based relational data integration,the semantics of SAPRQL(simple protocol and RDF query language) queries is defined.In the course of query rewriting,all relative tables are found and decomposed into minimal connectable units.Minimal connectable units are joined according to semantic queries to produce the semantically correct query plans.Algorithms for query rewriting and transforming are presented.Computational complexity of the algorithms is discussed.Under the worst case,the query decomposing algorithm can be finished in O(n2) time and the query rewriting algorithm requires O(nm) time.And the performance of the algorithms is verified by experiments,and experimental results show that when the length of query is less than 8,the query processing algorithms can provide satisfactory performance.展开更多
This paper, based on the material processes and relational processes, aims to analysis the deep meaning of chapter one of Pride and Prejudice. The relevant theories will come first in this paper. I will then analyze t...This paper, based on the material processes and relational processes, aims to analysis the deep meaning of chapter one of Pride and Prejudice. The relevant theories will come first in this paper. I will then analyze this extract from three aspects: the analysis of the objective plane of narration, the analysis of Mrs. Bennet' s discourse and the analysis of Mr. Bennet' s discourse.展开更多
Previous studies have shown that accurate descriptions of the cloud droplet effective radius (Re) and the autoconversion process of cloud droplets to raindrops (At) can effectively improve simulated clouds and sur...Previous studies have shown that accurate descriptions of the cloud droplet effective radius (Re) and the autoconversion process of cloud droplets to raindrops (At) can effectively improve simulated clouds and surface precipitation, and reduce the uncertainty of aerosol indirect effects in GCMs. In this paper, we implement cloud microphysical schemes including two-moment Ar and Re considering relative dispersion of the cloud droplet size distribution into version 4.1 of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics's atmospheric GCM (IAP AGCM 4.1), which is the atmospheric component of the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Earth System Model. Analysis of the effects of different schemes shows that the newly implemented schemes can improve both the simulated shortwave and longwave cloud radiative forcings, as compared to the standard scheme, in lAP AGCM 4.1. The new schemes also effectively enhance the large-scale precipitation, especially over low latitudes, although the influences of total precipitation are insignificant for different schemes. Further studies show that similar results can be found with the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5.1.展开更多
Nanometer SnO2 particles were synthesized by sol-gel dialytic processes and used as a support to prepare CuO supported catalysts via a deposition-precipitation method. The samples were characterized by means of TG-DTA...Nanometer SnO2 particles were synthesized by sol-gel dialytic processes and used as a support to prepare CuO supported catalysts via a deposition-precipitation method. The samples were characterized by means of TG-DTA, XRD, H2-TPR and XPS. The catalytic activity of the CuO/TiO2-SnO2 catalysts was markedly depended on the loading of CuO, and the optimum CuO loading was 8 wt.% (Tloo = 80 ℃). The CuO/TiO2-SnO2 catalysts exhibited much higher catalytic activity than the CuO/TiO2 and CuO/SnO2 catalysts. H2-TPR result indicated that a large amount of CuO formed the active site for CO oxidation in 8 wt.% CuO/TiO2-SnO2 catalyst.展开更多
In many batch processes, there are related or independence relationships among process variables. The traditional monitoring method usually carries out a single statistical model according to the related or independen...In many batch processes, there are related or independence relationships among process variables. The traditional monitoring method usually carries out a single statistical model according to the related or independent method, and in the feature extraction there is not fully taken into account the characterization of fault information, it will make the process monitoring ineffective, so a fault monitoring method based on WGNPE(weighted global neighborhood preserving embedding)–GSVDD(greedy support vector data description) related and independent variables is proposed. First, mutual information method is used to separate the related variables and independent variables. Secondly, WGNPE method is used to extract the local and global structures of the related variables in batch process and highlight the fault information, GSVDD method is used to extract the process information of the independent variables quickly and effectively. Finally, the statistical monitoring model is established to achieve process monitoring based on WGNPE and GSVDD. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by the penicillin fermentation process.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to analyze the change in the active structure of lignite during the process of lowtemperature oxidation by constructing a molecular structure model for lignite. Using quantum computation combi...The aim of this paper is to analyze the change in the active structure of lignite during the process of lowtemperature oxidation by constructing a molecular structure model for lignite. Using quantum computation combined with experimental results of proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), a structural model for the large molecular structure was constructed. By analyzing the bond lengths in the model molecule, the evolution law for the active structure of lignite was predicted for the process of low-temperature oxidation. In low-temperature oxidation,alkanes and hydroxyls are the primary active structures observed in lignite, though ether may also react. These active functional groups react with oxygen to release heat, thereby speeding up the reaction between coal and oxygen. Finally, the content of various functional groups in the process of lignite low-temperature oxidation was analyzed by infrared analysis, and the accuracy of the model was verified.展开更多
In this paper, by combining a stochastic optimization method with a refrigeration shaft work targeting method,an approach for the synthesis of a heat integrated complex distillation system in a low-temperature process...In this paper, by combining a stochastic optimization method with a refrigeration shaft work targeting method,an approach for the synthesis of a heat integrated complex distillation system in a low-temperature process is presented. The synthesis problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP) problem,which is solved by simulated annealing algorithm under a random procedure to explore the optimal operating parameters and the distillation sequence structure. The shaft work targeting method is used to evaluate the minimum energy cost of the corresponding separation system during the optimization without any need for a detailed design for the heat exchanger network(HEN) and the refrigeration system(RS). The method presented in the paper can dramatically reduce the scale and complexity of the problem. A case study of ethylene cold-end separation is used to illustrate the application of the approach. Compared with the original industrial scheme, the result is encouraging.展开更多
It is widely known that business negotiation is an indispensable part in international trade and probably the most common type of negotiation.Generally speaking,business negotiation is a process which business negotia...It is widely known that business negotiation is an indispensable part in international trade and probably the most common type of negotiation.Generally speaking,business negotiation is a process which business negotiators would make the interaction in order to get specific exchange goals.Because of the important role of business negotiations in business world,many Chinese researchers have engaged in study of business and achieved many useful findings.Although there are many researches in the field of business negotiation,focusing on the analysis of relational process of business negotiation is less,which is the main con cern of this thesis.The aim of this thesis is to find the language mechanism and characteristic of business negotiation.At the meantime,negotiators are more likely to attain the deep perception in choosing the better words and structure among the negotiation.展开更多
Analysis results of the average annual sea levels in the Caspian Sea obtained from ground and satellite observations, corresponding to solar activity characteristics, magnetic field data, and length of day are present...Analysis results of the average annual sea levels in the Caspian Sea obtained from ground and satellite observations, corresponding to solar activity characteristics, magnetic field data, and length of day are presented. Spectra of the indicated processes were investigated and their approximation models were also built. Previously assumed statistical relationships between space-geophysical processes and Caspian Sea level(CSL) changes were confirmed. A close connection was revealed between the low-frequency models of the solar and geomagnetic activity parameters and the CSL changes. Predictions extending into the next decades showed a high probability of an increase in the CSL and a decrease of the compared space-geophysical parameters.展开更多
This study sought to test the processing of three types of sentences in Chinese, as correct sentences, semantic violation sentences, and sentences containing semantic and syntactic violations, based on the following s...This study sought to test the processing of three types of sentences in Chinese, as correct sentences, semantic violation sentences, and sentences containing semantic and syntactic violations, based on the following sentence pattern: "subject (noun) + yi/gang/zheng + predicate (verb)". Event-related potentials on the scalp were recorded using 32-channel electroencephalography. Compared with correct sentences, target words elicited an early left anterior negativity (N400) and a later positivity (P600) over frontal, central and temporal sites in sentences involving semantic violations. In addition, when sentences contained both semantic and syntactic violations, the target words elicited a greater N400 and P600 distributed in posterior brain areas. These results indicate that Chinese sentence comprehension involves covert grammar processes.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(No.303523)。
文摘CsPbX_(3)-based(X=I,Br,Cl)inorganic perovskite solar cells(PSCs)prepared by low-temperature process have attracted much attention because of their low cost and excellent thermal stability.However,the high trap state density and serious charge recombination between low-temperature processed TiO_(2)film and inorganic perovskite layer interface seriously restrict the performance of all-inorganic PSCs.Here a thin polyethylene oxide(PEO)layer is employed to modify TiO_(2)film to passivate traps and promote carrier collection.The impacts of PEO layer on microstructure and photoelectric characteristics of TiO_(2)film and related devices are systematically studied.Characterization results suggest that PEO modification can reduce the surface roughness of TiO_(2)film,decrease its average surface potential,and passivate trap states.At optimal conditions,the champion efficiency of CsPbI_(2)Br PSCs with PEO-modified TiO_(2)(PEO-PSCs)has been improved to 11.24%from 9.03%of reference PSCs.Moreover,the hysteresis behavior and charge recombination have been suppressed in PEO-PSCs.
基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Nos.23ZHCG0049,2023YFG0078,23ZHCG0030,2021ZDZX0007)SCU-SUINING Project(2022CDSN-14).
文摘To solve the problem of long response time when users obtain suitable cutting parameters through the Internet based platform,a case-based reasoning framework is proposed.Specifically,a Hamming distance and Euclidean distance combined method is designed to measure the similarity of case features which have both numeric and category properties.In addition,AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)and entropy weight method are integrated to provide features weight,where both user preferences and comprehensive impact of the index have been concerned.Grey relation analysis is used to obtain the similarity of a new problem and alternative cases.Finally,a platform is also developed on Visual Studio 2015,and a case study is demonstrated to verify the practicality and efficiency of the proposed method.This method can obtain cutting parameters which is suitable without iterative calculation.Compared with the traditional PSO(Particle swarm optimization algorithm)and GA(Genetic algorithm),it can obtain faster response speed.This method can provide ideas for selecting processing parameters in industrial production.While guaranteeing the characteristic information is similar,this approach can select processing parameters which is the most appropriate for the production process and a lot of time can be saved.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2010CB720500)the National Natural Science Foundation(21176178)
文摘In low-temperature processes, there are interactions between heat exchanger network(HEN) and refrigeration system. The modification on HEN of the chilling train for increasing energy recovery does not always coordinate with the minimum shaft work consumption of the corresponding refrigeration system. In this paper, a systematic approach for optimizing low-temperature system is presented through mathematical method and exergy analysis. The possibility of "pockets", which appears as right nose section in the grand composite curve(EGCC) of the process, is first optimized. The EGCC with the pockets cutting down is designed as a separate part. A case study is used to illustrate the application of the approach for a HEN of a chilling train with propylene and ethylene refrigerant system in an ethylene production process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1804263,U1736214,62172435)the Zhongyuan Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Project(No.214200510019).
文摘The joint entity relation extraction model which integrates the semantic information of relation is favored by relevant researchers because of its effectiveness in solving the overlapping of entities,and the method of defining the semantic template of relation manually is particularly prominent in the extraction effect because it can obtain the deep semantic information of relation.However,this method has some problems,such as relying on expert experience and poor portability.Inspired by the rule-based entity relation extraction method,this paper proposes a joint entity relation extraction model based on a relation semantic template automatically constructed,which is abbreviated as RSTAC.This model refines the extraction rules of relation semantic templates from relation corpus through dependency parsing and realizes the automatic construction of relation semantic templates.Based on the relation semantic template,the process of relation classification and triplet extraction is constrained,and finally,the entity relation triplet is obtained.The experimental results on the three major Chinese datasets of DuIE,SanWen,and FinRE showthat the RSTAC model successfully obtains rich deep semantics of relation,improves the extraction effect of entity relation triples,and the F1 scores are increased by an average of 0.96% compared with classical joint extraction models such as CasRel,TPLinker,and RFBFN.
文摘On April 17, 2017 the new process of low-temperature fixed-bed Fisher-Tropsch reaction using the JL-GX catalyst developed independently by the Beijing Jingli Clean Energy Technology Company, Ltd., has been realized through the commissioning of the commercial demonstration unit at the Xingtai Rising Sun Chemical Company. In comparison with the conventional Fisher-Tropsch process, this novel Fisher-Tropsch process can be adapted to a variety of feed gases, which besides natural gas can also use the industrial offgases (including the coke oven gas, the coal seam gas, the oilfield associated gas, and the marsh gas) to manufacture synthetic chemicals through Fisher-Tropsch process.
基金Weaponry Equipment Pre-Research Foundation of PLA Equipment Ministry (No. 9140A06050409JB8102)Pre-Research Foundation of PLA University of Science and Technology (No. 2009JSJ11)
文摘To solve the query processing correctness problem for semantic-based relational data integration,the semantics of SAPRQL(simple protocol and RDF query language) queries is defined.In the course of query rewriting,all relative tables are found and decomposed into minimal connectable units.Minimal connectable units are joined according to semantic queries to produce the semantically correct query plans.Algorithms for query rewriting and transforming are presented.Computational complexity of the algorithms is discussed.Under the worst case,the query decomposing algorithm can be finished in O(n2) time and the query rewriting algorithm requires O(nm) time.And the performance of the algorithms is verified by experiments,and experimental results show that when the length of query is less than 8,the query processing algorithms can provide satisfactory performance.
文摘This paper, based on the material processes and relational processes, aims to analysis the deep meaning of chapter one of Pride and Prejudice. The relevant theories will come first in this paper. I will then analyze this extract from three aspects: the analysis of the objective plane of narration, the analysis of Mrs. Bennet' s discourse and the analysis of Mr. Bennet' s discourse.
基金partially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0601904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41690115 and 41572150)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61432018)supported by the National Major Research High Performance Computing Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFB0200800)supported by a “973” project (Grant No. 2014CB441302)supported by the US Department of Energy’s Atmospheric System Research program
文摘Previous studies have shown that accurate descriptions of the cloud droplet effective radius (Re) and the autoconversion process of cloud droplets to raindrops (At) can effectively improve simulated clouds and surface precipitation, and reduce the uncertainty of aerosol indirect effects in GCMs. In this paper, we implement cloud microphysical schemes including two-moment Ar and Re considering relative dispersion of the cloud droplet size distribution into version 4.1 of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics's atmospheric GCM (IAP AGCM 4.1), which is the atmospheric component of the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Earth System Model. Analysis of the effects of different schemes shows that the newly implemented schemes can improve both the simulated shortwave and longwave cloud radiative forcings, as compared to the standard scheme, in lAP AGCM 4.1. The new schemes also effectively enhance the large-scale precipitation, especially over low latitudes, although the influences of total precipitation are insignificant for different schemes. Further studies show that similar results can be found with the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5.1.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20771061 and 20871071)the 973 Program (2005CB623607)Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Tianjin (08JCYBJC00100 and 09JCYBJC03600)
文摘Nanometer SnO2 particles were synthesized by sol-gel dialytic processes and used as a support to prepare CuO supported catalysts via a deposition-precipitation method. The samples were characterized by means of TG-DTA, XRD, H2-TPR and XPS. The catalytic activity of the CuO/TiO2-SnO2 catalysts was markedly depended on the loading of CuO, and the optimum CuO loading was 8 wt.% (Tloo = 80 ℃). The CuO/TiO2-SnO2 catalysts exhibited much higher catalytic activity than the CuO/TiO2 and CuO/SnO2 catalysts. H2-TPR result indicated that a large amount of CuO formed the active site for CO oxidation in 8 wt.% CuO/TiO2-SnO2 catalyst.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61763029)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(1610RJZA016)
文摘In many batch processes, there are related or independence relationships among process variables. The traditional monitoring method usually carries out a single statistical model according to the related or independent method, and in the feature extraction there is not fully taken into account the characterization of fault information, it will make the process monitoring ineffective, so a fault monitoring method based on WGNPE(weighted global neighborhood preserving embedding)–GSVDD(greedy support vector data description) related and independent variables is proposed. First, mutual information method is used to separate the related variables and independent variables. Secondly, WGNPE method is used to extract the local and global structures of the related variables in batch process and highlight the fault information, GSVDD method is used to extract the process information of the independent variables quickly and effectively. Finally, the statistical monitoring model is established to achieve process monitoring based on WGNPE and GSVDD. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by the penicillin fermentation process.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2017XKQY066)
文摘The aim of this paper is to analyze the change in the active structure of lignite during the process of lowtemperature oxidation by constructing a molecular structure model for lignite. Using quantum computation combined with experimental results of proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), a structural model for the large molecular structure was constructed. By analyzing the bond lengths in the model molecule, the evolution law for the active structure of lignite was predicted for the process of low-temperature oxidation. In low-temperature oxidation,alkanes and hydroxyls are the primary active structures observed in lignite, though ether may also react. These active functional groups react with oxygen to release heat, thereby speeding up the reaction between coal and oxygen. Finally, the content of various functional groups in the process of lignite low-temperature oxidation was analyzed by infrared analysis, and the accuracy of the model was verified.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(2010CB720500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21176178)
文摘In this paper, by combining a stochastic optimization method with a refrigeration shaft work targeting method,an approach for the synthesis of a heat integrated complex distillation system in a low-temperature process is presented. The synthesis problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP) problem,which is solved by simulated annealing algorithm under a random procedure to explore the optimal operating parameters and the distillation sequence structure. The shaft work targeting method is used to evaluate the minimum energy cost of the corresponding separation system during the optimization without any need for a detailed design for the heat exchanger network(HEN) and the refrigeration system(RS). The method presented in the paper can dramatically reduce the scale and complexity of the problem. A case study of ethylene cold-end separation is used to illustrate the application of the approach. Compared with the original industrial scheme, the result is encouraging.
文摘It is widely known that business negotiation is an indispensable part in international trade and probably the most common type of negotiation.Generally speaking,business negotiation is a process which business negotiators would make the interaction in order to get specific exchange goals.Because of the important role of business negotiations in business world,many Chinese researchers have engaged in study of business and achieved many useful findings.Although there are many researches in the field of business negotiation,focusing on the analysis of relational process of business negotiation is less,which is the main con cern of this thesis.The aim of this thesis is to find the language mechanism and characteristic of business negotiation.At the meantime,negotiators are more likely to attain the deep perception in choosing the better words and structure among the negotiation.
文摘Analysis results of the average annual sea levels in the Caspian Sea obtained from ground and satellite observations, corresponding to solar activity characteristics, magnetic field data, and length of day are presented. Spectra of the indicated processes were investigated and their approximation models were also built. Previously assumed statistical relationships between space-geophysical processes and Caspian Sea level(CSL) changes were confirmed. A close connection was revealed between the low-frequency models of the solar and geomagnetic activity parameters and the CSL changes. Predictions extending into the next decades showed a high probability of an increase in the CSL and a decrease of the compared space-geophysical parameters.
基金the Foundation of National Social Sciences hosted by Professor Huanhai Fang, No. 03BYY013
文摘This study sought to test the processing of three types of sentences in Chinese, as correct sentences, semantic violation sentences, and sentences containing semantic and syntactic violations, based on the following sentence pattern: "subject (noun) + yi/gang/zheng + predicate (verb)". Event-related potentials on the scalp were recorded using 32-channel electroencephalography. Compared with correct sentences, target words elicited an early left anterior negativity (N400) and a later positivity (P600) over frontal, central and temporal sites in sentences involving semantic violations. In addition, when sentences contained both semantic and syntactic violations, the target words elicited a greater N400 and P600 distributed in posterior brain areas. These results indicate that Chinese sentence comprehension involves covert grammar processes.