Illegal Logging and Related Trade: Who Combat It as Legal Subjects?

Issue on illegal logging and related trade is a hot topic for the international community. It has brought the negative effects to the sustainable development on global society, economy and ecology, which is also one of the main objectives of international cooperation to combat with. At present, subjects of international law play a decisive role in combating illegal logging and related trade. The subjects of international law generally refer to states, intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and part of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), which can have an independent international legal personality, enjoy rights and assume obligations of international law. As a responsible big country of the international community and state member of intergovernmental organizations and international treaties of forest resources protection, China ought to fully perform the obligations of international law. In face of illegal logging and related trade around the world, China should rationally tackle with it, resolutely crack down on it, and finally choose the sustainable development strategy based on rule of law.

Spatial Interaction Network Analysis of Crude Oil Trade Relations between Countries along the Belt and Road

Based on the theories and methods of complex network,crude oil trade flows between countries along the Belt and Road(B&R,hereafter)are inserted into the Geo-space of B&R and form a spatial interaction network which takes the countries as nodes and takes the trade relations as edges.The networked mining and evolution analysis can provide important references for the research on trade relations among the B&R countries and the formulation of trade policy.This paper researches and discusses the construction,statistical analysis,top networks and stability of the crude oil trade network between the B&R countries from 2001 to 2020 from the perspectives of Geo-Computation for Social Sciences(GCSS)and spatial interaction.Firstly,evolutions of out-degree,in-degree,out-strength and in-strength of the top 10 countries in the crude oil trade network are computed and analyzed.Secondly,the top network method is used to explore the evolution characteristics of hierarchical structures.And finally,the sequential evolution characteristics of the crude oil trade network stability are analyzed utilizing the network stability measure method based on the trade relationship autocorrelation function.The analysis results show that Russia has the largest out-degree and out-strength,and China has the largest in-degree and in-strength.The crude oil trade volume of the top 10 import and export networks between 2001—2020 accounts for over 90%of the total trade volume of the crude oil trade network,and the proportion remains relatively stable.However,the stability of the network showed strong fluctuations in 2009,2012 and 2014,which may be closely related to major international events in these years,which could furtherly be used to build a correlation model between network volatility and major events.This paper explores how to construct and analyze the spatial interaction network of crude oil trade and can provide references for trade relations research and trade policy formulation of B&R countries.

Trumponomics and China-US Economic and Trade Relations

Since he took office, the new US president, Donald Trump, has unveiled his broad economic policy--now called Trumponomics. It emphasizes neoliberalism at home, less government regulations, more growth and weakening the welfare state. Intemationally, Trumponomics embraces protectionism and nativism with a focus on US economic interests. Trumponomics caters to the lower-middle classes, a reflection of the country＇s current economic and diplomatic challenges. Trumponomics will bring uncertainty to China-US economic and trade relations. China should carefully study the policies of the Trump administration and prepare contingency plans.

Beijing's Foreign Economic Relations and Trade

Beijing’s foreign economic relations and trade in 1993 surpassed that of 1992, and remarkable breakthroughs were made during the last year in the utilization of foreign capital, export volume and foreign exchange earnings, and the construction of development zones, according to Mr Zhang Xuequn, the Deputy Director of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade Commission of the Beijing Municipal Government. The robust development

Sino-ASEAN Economic and Trade Relations

China and the ASEAN (including Thailand, the Philippine, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and Brunei) are all situated in the Asia Pacific region and are friendly neighbours. China’s economic and trade relationship with these countries has taken on a brand new aspect. In the last few years, frequent exchange at high levels between China and eastern countries has strengthened mutual understanding and economic

A Review of China-US Economic and Trade Relations (2007-2015)

In order to find indications for future bilateral relations, it is worth reviewing the development of China-US economic and trade relations in recent history. Generally speaking, the nine years between 2007 and 2015 saw non-stop progress in China and US trade and economic ties. The China-US interdependent and complementary economic and trade connections ensure that bilateral relations are constantly developing and merging following their interdependent paths;the global challenges, such as the financial crisis and recent extreme weather events, have allowed China and the US to be in the same boat,weathering these different forms of turbulence. Decisions on important domestic policies and disputes can now be discussed earlier and effectively following on from the construction of multi-dimensional crisis management mechanisms. But undeniably there are unsettled and conflicting points in their relations, such as the fact that the US strategically excludes China from its free trade agenda, not willing to accept many everyday items manufactured by China. This is a major obstacle preventing their relationships deepening. History tells us, in future, if both sides could have a bigger vision, relations would better develop, for the new type of major power relations and the subsequent road would be less rocky and bring more benefits for the peoples of both countries.

Beijing's Steady Growth in Foreign Economic Relations and Trade

In 1995,Beijing’s foreign economic andtrade sector continued to deepen itsrestructuring,give play to its advantagesand overcome its difficulties,and maintainedsustained development in foreign trade,theutilization of foreign investment and foreigncooperation. The year 1995 saw an import andexport volume of US＄4.23 billion,5.4 percentup from the previous year,including animport volume of US＄1.74 billion,down 8percent,exports of US＄2.49 billion,17.3percent up from the previous year,whichsurpasses the required US＄2.3 billion ofexports by the municipal government.Specialforeign trade companies and industrial andtrade companies had exports of US＄1.441billion,4.8 percent up from the previousyear,accounting for 57.9 percent of the

The Study of Trade Relationship between Kazakhstan and China

To explore the momentum and direction of the bilateral trade and economic sustainable development, make a comprehensive study on the economic and trade relations between China and Kazakhstan from multiple angles. In comparison, the China-Kazakh economic and trade relations between the two countries is close, the investment partnership is relatively stable, there are good prospects for trade and economic cooperation; However. the economic and trade relations between China and Kazakhstan have a certain distance, in Bilateral trade structure still exist some problems.

Sino-Arab Trade and Technology Relations

The paper analyses the market of Arabian countries, and Sino-Arab trade, and technology relations. In the recent years, Sino-Arab trade, investment, engineering contracting, Project Contracting, and technology cooperation developed very quickly. The paper also gives some recommendations to enhance Sino-Arab trade and technology relations.

Sino-South Korea Trade Relations

Trade relations between China's Mainland and the Peninsula of Korea date back 1000 years. The advantage of geography and historical, cultural origins are now more tempting while regional cooperation has become more and more important. Fifteen years ago, indirect trade started between China and South Korea. Direct non-governmental trade began

China-U.S. Relations and International Trade

Dr.Elliot Feldman on April 15,2010 presented the following speech at AmCham-China's Conference of the Asia-Pacific Council of American Chambers of Commerce(APCAC).With his kind approval,China Textile publishes his study and views focused on the title as captioned above.The article expresses the author's own stance.

Bangladesh State Minister for Textiles & Jute hopeful of better trade relation with India

Completing 4 decades of successful service to Textile engineering Industry,India ITME Society lead a delegation to Bangladesh on 19th July 2016despite the disturbances and security concerns in Dhaka.This is the first ever official delegation to Bangladesh by India ITME Society and Chairman Mr.Sanjiv Lathia was joined by Seema Srivastava,Exe.Director,Shekhar Shridhankar Jt.Director along with participants of ITME2016,ITEMA S.p.A,ITALY,Duratech Automation Pvt.Ltd.,CHTC

The Belt and Road Initiatives and China-GCC Relations

Gulf Cooperation Council （GCC） countries are the main countries of the West Asia, they are rich in oil and natural gas, and very important in the world political and economic arena. In recent years, the trade volume between China and six GCC countries has been rising. The paper analyzes the importance and the prospect of China-GCC Free Trade Area negotiations. The two sides should take positive action to further close dialogue mechanism between the two sides, restart the negotiations on the free trade zone between China and GCC countries as soon as possible, and reach a win-win agreement.

China's Trade Acceleration and the Deepening of an East Asian Regional Production Network

China＇s recent surge in trade has been associated with its deepening but contrasting trade relations with its two groups of key trading partners. On the one hand, China＇ s trade surpluses with the USA and the EU have risen rapidly, reaching US$144bn and US$91bn in 2006, respectively. On the other hand, China is importing heavily from its Asian neighbors. This diverging pattern of trade relations between China and its main trading partners reflects the continuous expansion and intensification of a complex cross-border production network in Asia, particularly for consumer electronics. In the process of deepening manufacturing sharing, China serves as an essential export platform for firms headquartered in the more advanced economies. These firms export intermediate goods from the relatively more advanced Asian economies to their affiliates in China where these inputs are assembled and then shipped to key export markets, including primarily the USA and the EU. One apparent outcome of the growing processing and assembly trade is the increased interdependency among Asian economies, which are now more dependent on each other than ever. It has also led to substantial structural changes and technological upgrading in China＇ s traded goods.

Political Economy of US Trade Policy towards China

The trade relationship between China and the USA has become increasingly important to the economies of both countries. The recent trade conflicts and friction between China and the USA constitute obstacles in the way of US-Chinese bilateral trade relationship development, which is of considerable concern to both countries. Through an in-depth analysis of the political process of US trade policy towards China, the present paper identifies the important determinants of US trade policy towards China. The influence of US trade policy on the trade relationship between the USA and China is assessed and implications for the trade relationship between the USA and China are discussed.