Japan's Military Transformation and Sino-Japanese Military Relations

Military reform, which is led by the U. S. and sweeping its way to the rest of the world, has now become one of the hottest topics in inter- national military arena. Japan makes no exception. The reconstruction of its military forces, which is still in progress, is concentrated on the following two aspects. One is the enlargement of the functions of the Self-Defense Forces (SDF). Participation in overseas operations is in-

STUDY ON THE SYNTHESIS OF BRASSINOLIDE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS 15.FORMAL SYNTHESIS OF BRASSINOLIDE VIA STEREOSELECTIVE SULFENATE-SULFOXIDE TRANSFORMATION

A formal synthesis of the natural growth promoting steroid brassinolide is described,which involves construction of side chain by 1,3-sulfoxide-hydroxyl transposition with methylation from(24S)- 22-E-24-sulfoxide 6 and(24R)-22-E-24-sulfoxide 9,respectively to (22S)-23-E-24-methyl compound 4.

Relative manifold based semi-supervised dimensionality reduction

A well-designed graph plays a fundamental role in graph-based semi-supervised learning; however, the topological structure of a constructed neighborhood is unstable in most current approaches, since they are very sensitive to the high dimensional, sparse and noisy data. This generally leads to dramatic performance degradation. To deal with this issue, we developed a relative manifold based semisupervised dimensionality reduction （RMSSDR） approach by utilizing the relative manifold to construct a better neighborhood graph with fewer short-circuit edges. Based on the relative cognitive law and manifold distance, a relative transformation is used to construct the relative space and the relative manifold. A relative transformation can improve the ability to distinguish between data points and reduce the impact of noise such that it may be more intuitive, and the relative manifold can more truly reflect the manifold structure since data sets commonly exist in a nonlinear structure. Specifically, RMSSDR makes full use of pairwise constraints that can define the edge weights of the neighborhood graph by minimizing the local reconstruction error and can preserve the global and local geometric structures of the data set. The experimental results on face data sets demonstrate that RMSSDR is better than the current state of the art comparing methods in both performance of classification and robustness.

Support vector machine regression(SVR)-based nonlinear modeling of radiometric transforming relation for the coarse-resolution data-referenced relative radiometric normalization(RRN)

Radiometric normalization,as an essential step for multi-source and multi-temporal data processing,has received critical attention.Relative Radiometric Normalization(RRN)method has been primarily used for eliminating the radiometric inconsistency.The radiometric trans-forming relation between the subject image and the reference image is an essential aspect of RRN.Aimed at accurate radiometric transforming relation modeling,the learning-based nonlinear regression method,Support Vector machine Regression(SVR)is used for fitting the complicated radiometric transforming relation for the coarse-resolution data-referenced RRN.To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method,a series of experiments are performed,including two synthetic data experiments and one real data experiment.And the proposed method is compared with other methods that use linear regression,Artificial Neural Network(ANN)or Random Forest(RF)for radiometric transforming relation modeling.The results show that the proposed method performs well on fitting the radiometric transforming relation and could enhance the RRN performance.