Chemical composition and quantitative relationship between meteorological condition and fine particles in Beijing

The recent year's monitor results of Beijing indicated that the pollution level of fine particles PM 2.5 showed an increasing trend. To understand pollution characteristics of PM 2.5 and its relationship with the meteorological conditions in Beijing, a one-year monitoring of PM 2.5 mass concentration and correspondent meteorological parameters was performed in Beijing in 2001. The PM 2.5 levels in Beijing were very high, the annual average PM 2.5 concentration in 2001 was 7 times of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards proposed by US EPA. The major chemical compositions were organics, sulfate, crustals and nitrate. It was found that the mass concentrations of PM 2.5 were influenced by meteorological conditions. The correlation between the mass concentrations of PM 2.5 and the relative humidity was found. And the correlation became closer at higher relative humidity. And the mass concentrations of PM 2.5 were negtive-correlated to wind speeds, but the correlation between the mass concentration of PM 2.5 and wind speed was not good at stronger wind.

Analysis of the psychological conditions and related factors of breast cancer patients

Sufferers of breast cancer are often plagued by various psychological problems. Mastectomy, which has a serious influence on the female sex characteristics, can bring about especially serious psychological problems. These problems affect not only the patients’ quality of life but also the beginning, development, and end of the disease. This paper reviewed the relationships between the patients’ personal factors, the disease itself, treatment factors, and other socio-psychological factors and psychological conditions so as to provide new ideas for the psychological intervention on breast cancer patients, comprehensive clinical diagnosis and treatment, and prevention and cure.

Shifting balance from neurodegeneration to regeneration of the brain: a novel therapeutic approach to Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative conditions

Neurodegeneration is one of the biggest public health problems in modern society. Age-associated neurodegeneration, which is accelerated several-fold in Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） alone, is not only an enormous social and economic burden to the affected in- dividuals and their families, but is also a great scientific challenge. Currently 25-35 million people worldwide suffer from AD, the single largest cause of dementia in middle- to old-aged individuals. These numbers are projected to triple by 2050 if no treatment to prevent or reverse AD is developed.

CRITERION FOR JUDGING SATISFACTION OF CONSISTENCY CONDITIONS IN RATE-DEPENDENT CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS

Based on irreversible thermodynamics, the criterion for judging the satisfaction of consistency conditions in rate-dependent constitutive relationship is deduced by introducing four basic hypotheses. Formulas for solving internal variables are given. It makes the rate-dependent model applicable no matter whether the consistency conditions can be satisfied or not.

EIGENVALUE INTEGRAL RELATION AND STABILITY CONDITION FOR A MODE

In this paper,we point out that for a static system the eigenvalue integral relation(iσ)~2I +iσΦ+Σ=0 derived from an eigenequation (?)Ψ=[(iσ)~2(?)_2+(iσ)(?)_1+(?)_0]Ψ(r)=0 only gives the suffi- ciency of condition Σ>0 for the stability of a certain mode,but it can not provide the necessity to the condition in general.Three theorems presented in this paper show that under some conditions, Σ>0 makes the mode stable,while Σ<0 makes the mode unstable.

Relationship among Health Related Quality of Life, Quality of Sleep, and Oral Health Condition

Japan’s aging rate (ratio of elderly aged 65 and older to total population) has exceeded 20%. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationships between Health Related Quality of Life, Body Mass Index (BMI), and sleep quality. Subjects were 51 adults over 55 years old with chronic disease who living in the community. Instruments and structured interviews were used giving due consideration to privacy. Interviews were conducted within 10 - 20 minutes at the out-patient department. The evaluation instruments included bodymass index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). A significant positive correlation (ρ = 0.321, p < 0.05) between PSQI and QOL (OHIP-14) scores was confirmed with sleep quality being lower with lower QOL scores. A negative correlation (ρ = ?0.339, p < 0.05) between physical health component summary scores (PCS) and mental health component summary scores (MCS) of HRQOL was confirmed, demonstrating that PCS was low, and the level of MCS was high. Sleep quality was found lower among those with lower oral health-related QOL scores. Moreover, in subjects with lower MCS scores, the PCS scores were found to be higher. Accordingly, it was considered appropriate that dental treatment and care, support the maintenance of activities and sleep, and mental health promotion which are likely requisites critical for elderly persons’ maintenance of independent lifestyles in their familiar community.

The Relative Efficiency of the Conditional Root Square Estimation of Parameter in Inhomogeneous Equality Restricted Linear Model

This paper made a discuss on the relative efficiency of the generalized conditional root square estimation and the specific conditional root square estimation in paper [1,2] in inhomogeneous equality restricted linear model. It is shown that the generalized conditional root squares estimation has not smaller the relative efficiency than the specific conditional root square estimation, by a constraint condition in root squares parameter, we compare bounds of them, thus, choose appropriate squares parameter, the generalized conditional root square estimation has the good performance on mean squares error.

Optimization of Selecting Air Conditioning Cold/Heat Sources with Grey Relation Analysis

Selection of air conditioning（AC） cold/heat sources generally concerns about certain aspects and cannot reveal the whole profile of the problems. Grey relation analysis （GRA） is a data processing method to categorize the correlation extent of compared sequences and a certain reference sequence in a system with uncertain information. It is applied to evaluating and selecting AC cold/heat sources from four main aspects, which are technology, economy, reliability, and operation and management. Case study shows that the result for selecting AC cold/heat sources with the GRA method can be more reasonable and convincible. Thus it offers a new approach for designers in heating, ventilating and air conditioning field to compare and evaluate different AC cold/heat sou rces.

Implementation of a Return to Work Strategy in Germany—Are There Changes in Work-Related Rehabilitation Measures and Employment Status in Chronic Conditions?

Objectives: Aging workforces with increasing numbers of chronic conditions require health initiatives with greater workplace focus. A regional pension insurance introduced a Return To Work (RTW) strategy for insurants with chronic conditions. The objective was to identify the degree of implementation of work related measures in medical rehabilitation and the extent of RTW outcomes. Methods: 5883 insurants were considered. Severe Restriction of Work Ability (SRWA), Work-related Medical Rehabilitation (WMR), and Case Management (CM) were examined for 2008 and 2012. An Index of Employment status (IoE) was used in a logistic regression. Results: Utilization of WMR raised from 12.3% in 2008 to 66.1% in 2012. The proportion of insurants with SRWA and WMR grew from 8% up to 40.1%. In 2008, 14.7% of insurants with SRWA received WMR;in 2012, it grew to 76.6%. On the other hand, in 2012 26% got WMR without SRWA and 12.2% had SRWA and got no WMR. CM was not conducted in 2008 but reached 20.2% in 2012. Across all indications, WMR resulted in positive RTW as measured by IoE: OR = 0.75 (KI-95%: 0.67 - 0.86). Conclusion: WMR was successfully implemented according to the German guideline. There is a need to optimize the linkage between SRWA and WMR and CM to provide need-based care.

Generalized δ-entropy condition to Riemann solution for Chaplygin gas in traffic flow

The Riemann problem for the Aw-Rascle model in the traffic flow with the Delta initial data for the Chaplygin gas is studied. The solutions are constructed globally under the generalized Rankine-Hugoniot relations, the δ-entropy conditions, and the generalized δ-entropy conditions. A new Delta wave, which is called a primary Delta wave, is defined in some solutions. The primary Delta wave satisfies the generalized Rankine- Hugoniot relations and the generalized δ-entropy conditions. It generates initially from the Delta initial data, which either evaluates a Delta wave, whose weight becomes stronger and stronger, or disappears at a finite time.

Sleep conditions and quality of life among patients with ischemic heart disease after elective percutaneous coronary intervention

In Japan, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a major therapeutic intervention for ischemic heart disease (IHD). Previous studies suggested that an association of the risk of IHD caused by sleep duration was related to factors closely associated with daily activities. However, in Japan, there is no study about this relationship objectively measured using the actigraphy in patients with IHD. Moreover, there is little reported data about sleep condition and early outcomes of patient’s Health-Related Quality of Life (QOL) after PCI. This study determines the correlations between sleep conditions and QOL (measured by SF36 version 2) of 25 patients with IHD who underwent elective PCI. Data were collected seven days after PCI using night-sleep condition. Using Spearman’s rank test, the results revealed positive correlation between vitality score and longest sleep duration (ρ = 0.43, p = 0.031): social functioning (SF) score and duration of night-time sleep (ρ = 0.42, p = 0.037);total sleep duration (ρ = 0.45, p = 0.026), and longest sleep duration (ρ = 0.44, p = 0.024);mental health score and longest sleep duration (ρ = 0.54, p = 0.006). However, negative correlation was found between physical functioning score and arousal during sleep (ρ = -0.44, p = 0.027). Sleep condition was significantly correlated with QOL. In particular, SF score was positively related to night-time sleep. This seems to indicate that SF score might be related to night-time sleep condition. Moreover, the longest sleep durations were correlated with the mental component summary. The results of the study suggest that not only the length of whole sleep durations leads to better QOL, but also the increase the amount of uninterrupted sleep.

ALGEBRAIC MULTILEVEL RELAXED PRECONDITIONING METHODS

Some ways of multilevel relaxed preconditioning matrices for the stiffness matrix in the discretization of selfad joint second order elliptic boundary value problems are proposed. For reason-able assumptions of the relaxed factor ω, smaller relative condition numbers are given. The optimal relaxed factor ω is derived, too.

松花江干流造床水沙动力及河相关系的探究

在分析松花江干流河道特性的基础上,基于实测资料,探究了造床水沙动力条件和河相关系。结果表明,枯水期和涨水期水流的造床作用不甚明显,主汛期水流是主要造床动力,退水期水流也具有一定造床作用;通过对比河道特征流量和计算得到的造床流量,说明常年洪水的造床作用依然十分有限,只有3~5年一遇的较大洪水才会形成较为明显的造床作用;河道河床呈现宽浅型,主槽相对窄小,洪漫滩地宽阔,中游段主槽河相关系系数√B/H在2~5之间,上游段和下游段大多超过5;基于河床最小活动性假设,得到河相关系与流量及含沙量之间的关系式,采用造床流量针对主槽进行检验,公式相符性较好。

来华留学生“理解当代中国”类课程设计

本文将“理解当代中国”类课程定位为集知识传授、价值引领、能力塑造、语言训练诸目标于一体的综合性国情课程。国际中文教师理应担负起“理解当代中国”类课程的建设任务。高等学校“理解当代中国”国际中文系列教材是“理解当代中国”类课程的天然范本,各高校在此基础上还应当根据具体情况来组织各类教学资源。课程需适应青年学生的学习特点,选择合适的教学方法、教学环境和评价手段来提高趣味性和教学效率。在这样的原则指导下,我们设计了“三阶段五环节”课程教学模式。

基于多核模糊条件熵的多类型混合数据属性约简算法

对数据进行有效属性约简是数据挖掘中一个具有挑战性的任务。当前,粗糙集理论是构造属性约简的一种常用方法。然而,现有的属性约简方法都侧重于单类型的数据,对现实环境下多类型混合的数据并不适用。为了解决这一问题,提出一种多核模糊条件熵的多类型混合数据属性约简算法。首先,针对标记型、数值型、区间型和集值型混合的多类型数据,提出了一种多核模糊相似关系。然后,基于这种多核模糊相似关系,定义了一种多核模糊条件熵模型,并讨论了它的单调性和有界性。最后,利用多核模糊条件熵的单调性提出了一种多类型混合数据的属性约简算法。通过UCI数据集的实验分析验证了该算法的有效性。

管制员不良工作状态与疲劳状态分析

为分析管制员不良的工作状态与疲劳状态之间的关系,监测管制员工作状态,采用主观评价方法收集185名管制员的主观看法,通过灰色关联分析不良工作状态和疲劳状态的影响因素,对其重要性进行排序,并通过疲劳自评量表研究了管制员处于不良工作状态时对应的疲劳程度。结果表明,管制员不良工作状态与疲劳状态影响因素之间存在差异性和统一性,且当管制员处于中度疲劳后,其工作状态将受到影响,因此,对管制员疲劳状态的研究应当更多关注于中度及重度疲劳的识别。

中国老年多重慢性病患者健康相关生命质量及其影响因素研究

背景随着人口老龄化,我国慢性病患病率逐年升高,多重慢性病的情况也越来越普遍。我国目前有关生命质量的研究多集中在特定疾病,如糖尿病、高血压、心血管疾病等,而有关多重慢性病的生命质量研究相对较少。目的了解我国老年多重慢性病患者的健康相关生命质量及其影响因素,为提高老年多重慢性病患者的健康水平提供依据。方法使用中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2018年数据,选取年龄≥55周岁且关键变量值完整的3361例多重慢性病患者作为研究对象。采用欧洲五维度三水平健康评定(EQ-5D-3L)量表评估健康相关生命质量;采用年龄调整合并症指数计算十年生存率;使用Mann-Whitney或Kruskal-Wallis检验、Tobit回归模型分析健康相关生命质量的影响因素。结果老年多重慢性病患者的健康效用值为0.888(0.709,0.964)分,“困难”比例最高的维度为疼痛/不适[2430例(72.30%)],“严重困难”比例最高的维度为行动能力[593例(17.64%)]。十年生存率测算结果显示,十年生存率最高为90.15%,仅有2.44%(82/3361)的患者达到;大部分患者[848例(25.23%)]的十年生存率为21.36%,有43.59%(1465/3361)的患者十年生存率接近于0。Tobit回归模型分析结果显示,小学及以上学历、不吸烟是健康相关生命质量的保护因素;女性、>60岁、丧偶、自评健康状况为不好、不饮酒、夜间睡眠时长不足或过长、未进行中等强度活动、患病数量≥4种、门诊次数≥3次是健康相关生命质量的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论我国老年多重慢性病患者的健康相关生命质量较差,应重点关注婚姻状况、受教育程度、夜间睡眠时长、体力活动、患病数量等因素。应加强对老年多重慢性病患者的健康生活方式指导,进一步提高该人群的生命质量。

基于工况特征的高速插齿机静压主轴润滑特性研究

针对高速插齿机静压主轴在实际工况特征下存在润滑特性不明晰的问题,以摩擦学和流体力学理论为基础,采用有限元仿真法建立不同受载状态下的静压主轴流体仿真模型及流固耦合模型,基于实际工况特征探究不同工况参数下静压主轴的润滑特性变化规律。结果表明,油膜承载力、主轴轴套变形量及黏性阻力随径向增大而增加,而油膜刚度则是随径向载荷增大先减小后增加。轴套最大变形位置随径向载荷增大而不同。在相同径向载荷下,主轴冲程速度对油膜承载力基本无影响而黏性阻力随冲程速度增大而增加。增大供油压力可显著提高静压主轴承载性能但轴套最大变形量也有明显增大,同时会改变油液流动方向进而加剧油膜黏性剪切应力集中现象,最终使得应力集中区域油膜破裂出现润滑失效现象。

农村地区中老年人群慢性病患病及共病模式对SRH状况的影响研究

背景随着我国人口老龄化速度的加快,慢性病患病及共病模式给全球卫生事业带来重大挑战,慢性病患病与人群的个人自评健康(SRH)状况之间关联紧密。然而,目前对新疆维吾尔自治区农村地区中老年人群慢性病患病及共病模式现状,以及对SRH状况的影响相关研究甚少。目的了解新疆维吾尔自治区农村地区中老年群体慢性病患病及共病模式的现状,探讨慢性病患病及共病模式对SRH状况的影响,为提升农村中老年群体健康水平提供有效参考依据。方法本研究数据来源于2016—2019年国家社会科学基金项目(17BRK030)的调研数据库;对家庭中男女主事者的一般人口学特征、患慢性病情况、SRH状况进行问卷调查。采用有序Logistics回归分析筛查SRH状况的影响因素,采用自组织映射(SOM)网络训练分析和偏最小二乘法,评估14种慢性病之间的相互关联性和各类慢性病对SRH状况的影响程度。结果共调查3400名中老年人。不同疆域分布、性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、婚姻状况、患病或伤残情况、患慢性病情况居民SRH状况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中疆域为南疆、文化程度为小学以下、患有慢性病是SRH状况的危险因素(P<0.05);性别为男性,年龄为45~59岁,职业为牧民、机关或事业单位员工、技术工人,婚姻状况为离异,患病或伤残情况是SRH状况的保护因素(P<0.05);新疆维吾尔自治区农村地区中老年群体慢性病患病率为36.47%,其中患病率排在前三位的疾病分别是高血压(17.47%)、关节炎或风湿病(8.62%)、心脏病(5.68%);慢性病共病率为8.09%,共病患病率排在前三位的疾病分别是高血压(6.12%)、关节炎或风湿病(5.18%)、心脏病(4.71%);共病模式主要以患2种慢性病为主(78.18%);患2种慢性病共病模式主要以高血压+心脏病为主,患3种慢性病患病模式主要以高血压+心脏病+关节炎或风湿病为主;患慢性病情况对SRH状况的影响结果显示,患慢性病患者SRH状况明显低于未患慢性病人群,患2种及以上慢性病患者的SRH状况低于患1种慢性病患者。结论新疆维吾尔自治区农村地区中老年人群的慢性病患病及共病情况较高,慢性呼吸系统疾病、关节炎或风湿病、心脏病、贫血等慢性疾病对SRH状况的影响比较明显,因此需进一步加强慢性病服务系统的建设,完善中老年健康档案,设立慢性病共病专科门诊来检测并控制中老年人群慢性病共病情况;另外,应加强对中老年群体的健康教育,提升对慢性病的认识,并提倡积极健康的生活方式,从而提高中老年人群的健康水平和生活质量。

布达拉宫地震危险性分析

布达拉宫是我国著名的世界文化遗产,其所在地区活动断层发育、大地震频发。开展可靠的地震危险性评估,可为该研究区内以布达拉宫为首的藏式古建筑抗震保护提供依据。该文对比传统地震危险性分析方法的不足,采用基于多锁固段破裂理论的地震物理预测方法,提出了地震危险性评估的系统流程。并根据地震烈度和地震动参数衰减关系,考虑场地自身条件,进行了布达拉宫所在区域的地震危险性评估。研究结果表明,该研究区位于林芝地震区,未来100年内该研究区的地震危险性主要为林芝地震区的下一次M_(S)8.5主震或M_(S)7.8标志性地震;发震断层位于亚东-谷露断层中段附近的纳木错东南岸断裂,震中位置为30.3°N,90.1°E附近;布达拉宫建筑群坐落在基岩,不考虑山体场地放大作用,结构接地端地震作用与基岩相当。研究结论为开展布达拉宫建筑群结构抗震研究提供理论依据。