Dynamic Connectivity in Cislunar Communication Networking Based on Geosynchronous Orbit Relay Satellites

The architecture of cislunar multi-hop communication networks, which focuses on the requirements of lunar full-coverage and continuous cislunar communications, is presented on the basis of Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO) satellite network relays. According to the geographical distribution of the forthcoming Chinese Deep Space Measuring and Controlling Network (DSMCN), two networking schemes are proposed and two elevation angle optimization models are established for locating GEO relay satellites. To analyze the dynamic connectivity, a dynamic network model is constructed with respect to the time-varying characteristics of cislunar trunk links. The advantages of the two proposed schemes, in terms of the Connectivity Rate (CR), Interruption Frequency (IF), and Average Length of Connecting Duration (ALCD), are corroborated by several simulations. In the case of the lunar polar orbit constellation case, the gains in the performance of scheme I are observed to be 134.55%, 117.03%, and 217.47% compared with DSMCN for three evaluation indicators, and the gains in the performance of scheme II are observed to be 238. 22%, 240.40%, and 572.71%. The results validate that the connectivity of GEO satellites outperforms that of earth facilities significantly and schemes based on GEO satellite relays are promising options for cislunar multi-hop communication networking.

QoS-Aware Power Allocation Scheme for Relay Satellite Networks

This paper investigated a QoS-aware power allocation for relay satellite networks.For the given QoS requirements,we analyzed the signal model of relay transmission and formulated the power minimization problem which is non-convex and difficult to solve.To find the optimal solution to the considered problem,we first analyzed the optimization problem and equivalently turn it into a convex optimization problem.Then,we provided a Lagrangian dual-based method to obtain the closed-form of the power allocation and provided an iterative algorithm to the optimal solution.Moreover,we also extended the results to the cooperative transmission mode.Finally,simulation results were provided to verify the superiority of the proposed algorithm.

A MEO Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System Constellation Scheme for China

A medium earth orbit （MEO） tracking and data relay satellite system （TDRSS） constellation scheme for China is proposed. This system consists of MEO satellite constellation, inter-satellite links （ISLs） and terrestrial gateway station, which can provide continuous bidirectional data transmission links between low altitude spacecrafls and the terrestrial gateway station in China. Theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that the proposed constellation can cover the global low altitude space sphere and earth surface of China continuously, and has a preferable practical perspective.

Average Secrecy Capacity of the Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Integrated Satellite Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Relay Networks

Integrated satellite unmanned aerial vehicle relay networks(ISUAVRNs)have become a prominent topic in recent years.This paper investigates the average secrecy capacity(ASC)for reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)-enabled ISUAVRNs.Especially,an eve is considered to intercept the legitimate information from the considered secrecy system.Besides,we get detailed expressions for the ASC of the regarded secrecy system with the aid of the reconfigurable intelligent.Furthermore,to gain insightful results of the major parameters on the ASC in high signalto-noise ratio regime,the approximate investigations are further gotten,which give an efficient method to value the secrecy analysis.At last,some representative computer results are obtained to prove the theoretical findings.

Secrecy Outage Probability for Two-Way Integrated Satellite Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Relay Networks with Hardware Impairments

In this paper,we investigate the secrecy outage performance for the two-way integrated satellite unmanned aerial vehicle relay networks with hardware impairments.Particularly,the closed-form expression for the secrecy outage probability is obtained.Moreover,to get more information on the secrecy outage probability in a high signalto-noise regime,the asymptotic analysis along with the secrecy diversity order and secrecy coding gain for the secrecy outage probability are also further obtained,which presents a fast method to evaluate the impact of system parameters and hardware impairments on the considered network.Finally,Monte Carlo simulation results are provided to show the efficiency of the theoretical analysis.

Cooperative Jamming for Physical Layer Security in Hybrid Satellite Terrestrial Relay Networks

To integrate the satellite communications with the LTE/5G services, the concept of Hybrid Satellite Terrestrial Relay Networks(HSTRNs) has been proposed. In this paper, we investigate the secure transmission in a HSTRN where the eavesdropper can wiretap the transmitted messages from both the satellite and the intermediate relays. To effectively protect the message from wiretapping in these two phases, we consider cooperative jamming by the relays, where the jamming signals are optimized to maximize the secrecy rate under the total power constraint of relays. In the first phase, the Maximal Ratio Transmission(MRT) scheme is used to maximize the secrecy rate, while in the second phase, by interpolating between the sub-optimal MRT scheme and the null-space projection scheme, the optimal scheme can be obtained via an efficient one-dimensional searching method. Simulation results show that when the number of cooperative relays is small, the performance of the optimal scheme significantly outperforms that of MRT and null-space projection scheme. When the number of relays increases, the performance of the null-space projection approaches that of the optimal one.

Zenith Pass Problem of Inter-satellite Linkage Antenna Based on Program Guidance Method

While adopting an elevation-over-azimuth architecture by an inter-satellite linkage antenna of a user satellite, a zenith pass problem always occurs when the antenna is tracing the tracking and data relay satellite （TDRS）. This paper deals with this problem by way of, firstly, introducing movement laws of the inter-satellite linkage to predict the movement of the user satellite antenna followed by analyzing the potential pass moment and the actual one of the zenith pass in detail. A number of specific orbit altitudes for the user satellite that can remove the blindness zone are obtained. Finally, on the base of the predicted results from the movement laws of the inter-satellite linkage, the zenith pass tracing strategies for the user satellite antenna are designed under the program guidance using a trajectory preprocessor. Simulations have confirmed the reasonability and feasibility of the strategies in dealing with the zenith pass problem.

Comparison between several satellite constellation schemes for MEO-TDRSS of China

The satellite constellation classes, which are suitable for the medium earth orbit tracking and data relay satellite system （MEO-TDRSS） of China, are investigated. On the basis of the functionality and the traffic distribution characteristic of MEO-TDRSS, the coverage performance and inter-satellite link properties of four different constellation schemes are compared by simulations. Simulation results indicate that the rosette and common-track constellations, whose satellites are distributed on the celestial sphere more uniformly, are appropriate for the implementation of MEO-TDRSS of China.

Design and Implementation of Hybrid Light and Microwave Switches Based on Wavelength Selective Switch for Future Satellite Networks

A hybrid switching node structure with light and microwave links is proposed, which is applicable to the future data relay satellite systems, aiming at the development trend of coexistence of light- link and microwave-link in the future. An experimental system for the light and microwave hybrid switching node based on wavelength selective optical switches (WSS) and optical transceiver modules, is established. It is shown by our experiment that this hybrid switching node can realize the dynamic bandwidth allocation and wavelength routing while the bit error rate of light link is less than 10?12, which provides a method for solving the hybrid switching problem of light-link and microwave-link on the future data relay satellite systems.

Feedforward attitude control for a TDRS with mobile antennas

In this paper, feedforward attitude control law for a Tracking and Data Relay Satellite （TDRS） with mobile antennas is proposed. To track or point the target spacecraft with median/law orbit, the large mobile antennas have to move in a wide range. The movement of such mobile antennas disturbs the satellite attitude conscquently. Conventionally, the main body of thc satellitc and the mobile antennas are controlled independently. The proposed controller first estimates the angular momentum which the mobile antennas will produce based on tiLe momentum conservation equation. Next, it computes the desired velocity of reaction wheels to compensate the disturbance due to the antenna motion. It then adds the errnr of the wheels＇ velocity between a desired one and a current value as a feedforward signal to the control system. The proposed controller is demonstrated using a mathematical simulation, of which these results coincide well with analytical results.

Type synthesis of 2-DoF rotational parallel mechanisms actuating the inter-satellite link antenna

This paper focuses on the type synthesis of two degree-of-freedom(2-DoF) rotational parallel mechanisms(RPMs) that would be applied as mechanisms actuating the inter-satellite link antenna. Based upon Lie group theory, two steps are necessary to synthesize 2-DoF RPMs except describing the continuous desired motions of the moving platform. They are respectively generation of required open-loop limbs between the fixed base and the moving platform and definition of assembly principles for these limbs. Firstly, all available displacement subgroups or submanifolds are obtained readily according to that the continuous motion of the moving platform is the intersection of those of all open-loop limbs. These subgroups or submanifolds are used to generate all the topology structures of limbs. By describing the characteristics of the displacement subgroups and submanifolds intuitively through employing simple geometrical symbols, their intersection and union operations can be carried out easily. Based on this, the assembly principles of two types are defined to synthesize all 2-DoF RPMs using obtained limbs. Finally, two novel categories of 2-DoF RPMs are provided by introducing a circular track and an articulated rotating platform,respectively. This work can lay the foundations for analysis and optimal design of 2-DoF RPMs that actuate the inter-satellite link antenna.