RESEARCH FOR THE STRAIN ENERGY RELEASE RATE OF COMPLEX CRACKS BY USING POINT-BY-POINT CLOSED EXTRAPOLATION APPROACH

A new extrapolation approach was proposed to calculate the strain energy release rates of complex cracks. The point_by_point closed method was used to calculate the closed energy, thus the disadvantage of self_inconsistency in some published papers can be avoided. The disadvantage is that the closed energy is repeatedly calculated: when closed nodal number along radial direction is more than two, the displacement of nodes behind the crack tip that is multiplied by nodal forces, the closed energy has been calculated and the crack surfaces have been closed, and that closed energy of middle point is calculated repeatedly. A DCB (double cantilever beam) specimen was calculated and compared with other theoretical results, it is shown that a better coincidence is obtained. In addition the same results are also obtained for compact tension specimen, three point bend specimen and single edge cracked specimen. In comparison with theoretical results,the error can be limited within 1 per cent. This method can be extended to analyze the fracture of composite laminates with various delamination cracks.

ON CRACK-TIP STRAIA ENERGY RELEASE RATE IN NON-PRINCIPAL DIRECTIONS OF ELASTICITY FOR SIMPLE LAYER PLATE OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS

In this paper,the fracture problem in non-principal directions of elasticity for a simple layer plate of linear-elastic orthotropic composite materials is studied.The formulae of transformation between characteristic roots,coefficients of elastic compliances in non-principal directions of elasticity and corresponding parameters in principal directions of elasticity are derived.Then,the computing formulae of strain energy release rate under skew-symmetric loading in terms of engineering parameters for principal directions of elasticity are obtained by substituting crack-tip stresses and displacements into the basic formula of the strain energy release rate.

Anti-Plane Elasticity Problem and Mode Ⅲ Crack Problem of Cubic Quasicrystal

The fracture theory of cubic quasicrystal was developed. The exact analytic solution of a Mode Ⅲ Griffith crack in the material was obtained by using the Fourier transform and dual integral equations theory, and so the displacement and stress fields, the stress intensity factor and strain energy release rate were determined. The results show that the stress intensity factor is independent of material constants, and the strain energy release rate is dependent on all material constants. These provide important information for studying the deformation and fracture of the new solid material.

FRACTURE ANALYSIS OF A FUNCTIONALLY GRADED STRIP UNDER PLANE DEFORMATION

In this paper the plane elasticity problem for a functionally graded strip containing a crack is considered. It is assumed that the reciprocal of the shear modulus is a linear function of the thickness-coordinate, while the Possion＇s ratio keeps constant. By utilizing the Fourier transformation technique and the transfer matrix method, the mixed boundary problem is reduced to a system of singular integral equations that are solved numerically. The influences of the geometric parameters and the graded parameter on the stress intensity factors and the strain energy release rate are investigated. The numerical results show that the graded parameters, the thickness of the strip and the crack size have significant effects on the stress intensity factors and the strain energy release rate.

Anti-plane analysis of semi-infinite crack in piezoelectric strip

Using the complex variable function method and the technique of the conformal mapping, the fracture problem of a semi-infinite crack in a piezoelectric strip is studied under the anti-plane shear stress and the in-plane electric load. The analytic solutions of the field intensity factors and the mechanical strain energy release rate are presented under the assumption that the surface of the crack is electrically impermeable. When the height of the strip tends to infinity, the analytic solutions of an infinitely large piezoelectric solid with a semi-infinite crack are obtained. Moreover, the present results can be reduced to the well-known solutions for a purely elastic material in the absence of the electric loading. In addition, numerical examples are given to show the influences of the loaded crack length, the height of the strip, and the applied mechanical/electric loads on the mechanical strain energy release rate.

Exact solutions of two semi-infinite collinear cracks in piezoelectric strip

Using the complex variable function method and the conformal mapping technique, the fracture problem of two semi-infinite collinear cracks in a piezoelectric strip is studied under the anti-plane shear stress and the in-plane electric load on the partial crack surface. Analytic solutions of the field intensity factors and the mechanical strain energy release rate are derived under the assumption that the surfaces of the crack are electrically impermeable. The results can be reduced to the well-known solutions for a purely elastic material in the absence of an electric load. Moreover, when the distance between the two crack tips tends to infinity, analytic solutions of a semi-infinite crack in a piezoelectric strip can be obtained. Numerical examples are given to show the influence of the loaded crack length, the height of the strip, the distance between the two crack tips, and the applied mechanical/electric loads on the mechanical strain energy release rate. It is shown that the material is easier to fail when the distance between two crack tips becomes shorter, and the mechanical/electric loads have greater influence on the propagation of the left crack than those of the right one.

Anisotropy in shear-sliding fracture behavior of layered shale under different normal stress conditions

Shear-sliding mode(mode Ⅱ)fracture of rocks is a vital failure form in deep underground engineering.To gain deep insight into the anisotropic shear fracture behaviors of a typical shale under high normal stress conditions,a series of direct shear tests were conducted on double-notched specimens in three typical bedding orientations(i.e.,the arrester,divider,short-transverse orientations)and under five normal stresses.The modeⅡfracture toughness(K_(Ⅱc))is found to exhibit a significant 3D anisotropy.The maximum K_(Ⅱc)is obtained in the divider orientation,followed by those in the arrester and short-transverse orientations.In contrast,the 3D anisotropy in the critical modeⅡenergy release rate(G_(Ⅱc))is not as significant as that in K_(Ⅱc),and G_(Ⅱc)in the arrester orientation is quite close to that in the divider orientation.The anisotropy in the prepeak input energy accumulated during shearing is found to be exactly consistent with that in G_(Ⅱc),which has not been noted before.Furthermore,the anisotropies in the modeⅡfracture resistances will,unexpectedly,not be weakened by the high normal stress.Owing to the layered structures,tensile cracks are involved during the modeⅡfracture process,resulting in the formation of rough fracture surfaces.

Study of Debond Fracture Toughness of Sandwich Composites with Metal Foam Core

Two types of experiments were designed and performed to evaluate the adhesive bond in metal foam composite sandwich structures. The tensile bond strength of face/core was determined through the flatwise tensile test （FWT）. The test results show that the interfacial peel strength is lower than the interlaminar peel strength in FWT test. The mode I interracial fracture toughness （GIC） of sandwich structures containing a pre-crack on the upper face/core interface is determined by modified cracked sandwich beam （MCSB） experiment. It is found that the crack propagates unsynchronously on the two side of the specimen and the propagation of interfacial debonding always stays on the face/core interface during the MCSB tests. In order to simulate the failure of metal foam composite sandwich structures, a computational model based on the Tsai-Hill failure criterion and cohesive zone model is used. By comparing with experiment results, it can be concluded that the computational model can validly simulate the interracial failure of metal foam composite sandwich structures with reasonable accuracy.

PEELING-OFF PHENOMENON IN FRP STRENGTHENED CONCRETE BEAMS DUE TO THERMAL RESIDUAL STRESS

Peeling-off phenomena in FRP strengthened concrete beams are investigated in this paper. Based on the beam theory and the fracture mechanics, a new theoretical model is proposed to analyze the peeling-off behavior near FRP-concrete interfaces, which is governed by residual thermal stresses. Numerical examples are presented to provide a clear insight into the failure mechanism. Some suggestions are provided for the optimal design of FRP strengthened structures.

Experiment on Mode Ⅰ/Ⅱ Mixed Interfacial Fracture Characterization of Foam Core Sandwich Materials at Elevated Temperatures

Foam-cored sandwich materials have been widely used in the civil engineering due to their advantages such as lightweight,high strength,and excellent anti-corrosion ability. However,the interfacial bonding strength of foamcored sandwich materials is weakened at elevated temperatures. In practice,the effect of high temperature cannot be ignored,because the composites and foams are sensitive to the change of temperature in the environment. In this study,a series of single-leg bending beams were tested at different temperatures to evaluate the influences of high temperatures on Mode Ⅰ/Ⅱ mixed interfacial fracture of foam core sandwich materials. The temperature was from29 ℃ to 90 ℃,covered the glass transition temperature of composites and foam core,respectively. The Mode Ⅰ/Ⅱ mixed interfacial crack prorogation and its corresponding interfacial strain energy release rate were summarized.

基于能量原理不同含水率下煤岩体变形破坏能量损伤演化机制

为探究不同含水率下煤岩体在变形破坏过程中的能量演化规律与损伤演化特征,对双马一矿煤岩体开展了在不同含水率条件下单轴压缩试验,基于能量计算及最小耗能原理,分析不同含水率下煤岩体能量耗散特征及损伤演化机制,结果表明:不同含水率下煤岩体力学性质不同,峰值应变与含水率呈正相关,抗压强度、弹性模量与含水率呈负相关;煤岩体含水率越高,其在峰值处弹性应变能及破坏吸收总应变能越小,耗散能占总应变能比例越高;基于最小耗能原理建立的损伤本构模型表明:随着煤岩体含水率增加,损伤门槛值逐渐降低;干燥状态下,煤岩体在应力峰值处损伤变量分别为0.36、0.28,当含水率增至自然状态时,煤岩体在应力峰值处损伤变量值分别下降0.09、0.18,但当含水率增至饱水状态时,煤岩体在应力峰值处损伤变量值反而分别大幅度上升0.102、0.49,总体呈先减后增的发展趋势;进一步建立了不同含水率煤岩损伤应变能释放率演化模型,低含水率煤岩较干燥煤岩的最大损伤应变能释放率大幅度下降,降幅分别为45.61%、31.29%,而随着含水率增加至饱水状态,其最大损伤应变能释放率增大幅度较平缓,分别为3.08%、8.80%,表明煤岩破坏剧烈程度并未大幅度增加。研究成果对煤岩矿柱水害预测评价与岩石损伤评估具有一定参考意义。

磁电弹性体中正三角形孔口快速传播裂纹问题分析

目的探索含运动缺陷的磁电弹性材料的力学性能和断裂机理。方法基于磁电弹性材料断裂理论和广义复变函数理论展开力学行为研究,通过作伽利略变换,将磁电弹性材料的断裂问题转化为稳定裂纹动力学问题进行解答。结果获得了磁电非渗透边界条件下裂纹尖端处动态应力强度因子以及机械应变能释放率的解析表达式。结论磁电弹性材料损伤、断裂现象的发生不仅受缺陷的几何参数和损坏载荷的影响,还与缺陷的运动速度有密切关系。

基于态基近场动力学的碳化硅陶瓷圆柱壳体断裂损伤分析

碳化硅(SiC)陶瓷材料具有优异的力学性能,广泛应用于各种工程部件中.然而,陶瓷是脆性材料,当发生脆断时会造成巨大的危害.因此对其断裂行为的准确预测显得极为重要.为了研究SiC陶瓷壳体在外载荷作用下的断裂损伤机理,首先通过准静态拉伸和压缩实验获得SiC陶瓷的临界能量释放率,建立了适用于拉伸和压缩损伤分析的常规态基近场动力学模型.然后,采用Fortran语言编程实现了陶瓷壳体在线性递增外载荷作用下断裂损伤行为的数值仿真,并将所获得的仿真值与理论预测值进行对比,验证了所建模型的准确性.最后,对仿真结果进行详细分析,揭示了壳体结构的损伤扩展演化规律.仿真结果表明:初始损伤区源于壳体内壁面的压缩断裂,且沿环向呈90°均匀分布.随着载荷的逐渐增加,壳体外壁面出现拉伸断裂损伤区,内外壁面的损伤区先沿着周向扩展,再向着壳体中面缓慢延伸,并在厚度方向贯穿整个壳体.随后,在壳体轴线方向出现拉-压损伤混合区,该损伤区沿着轴向扩展,最终将壳体分成4个断裂区.所建模型能够有效地描述复杂载荷作用下SiC陶瓷结构的断裂损伤演化过程,同时弥补了态基近场动力学在断裂分析方面的不足.

HRB600E动态再结晶临界条件及动力学模型的构建

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟实验系统对HRB600E高强抗震钢筋进行研究,考察了变形温度为850~1000℃、应变速率为0.01~10.00 s^(-1)、最大变形量为60%条件下的动态再结晶行为。通过双曲正弦形Arrhenius关系计算HRB600E高强抗震钢筋变形激活能为232 kJ/mol。根据加工硬化原理和Cingara-McQueen流变应力模型得出的数据可以看出两者在动态再结晶的起始临界应力和应变处表现出相当高的一致性,但Cingara-McQueen流变应力模型得到的临界应力值较高。引入Z参数求出临界应力应变与Z参数的关系式为ε_(c)=0.0016Z^(0.18),σ_(c)=1.16 Z^(0.166)。优化Avrami等学者提出的动态再结晶动力学模型,计算出不同条件下的动态再结晶分数,并对计算结果与实验值比较,发现二者具有显著的相关性。

不同失效模式下皮质骨结构临界能量释放率预测

背景:临界能量释放率是结构在破坏过程中可测得的一个全局断裂力学参数,即使针对同一结构,在不同失效模式下其数值也可能存在差异。目的:提出一种方法预测皮质骨结构在不同失效模式下的临界能量释放率。方法:针对大鼠股骨皮质骨结构进行三点弯曲与轴向压缩实验以及相应断裂仿真。通过对有限元模型赋予不同临界能量释放率进行断裂模拟,并将每次模拟所得载荷-位移曲线与实验数据进行比较,当仿真与实验所得断裂参数差异小于5%时,即代表拟合成功,以此反演预测皮质骨结构在不同失效模式下的临界能量释放率。结果与结论:①结果显示大鼠股骨皮质骨结构在三点弯曲载荷下主要发生拉伸破坏,该失效模式下所预测临界能量释放率为0.16N/mm;②在轴向压缩载荷下主要发生剪切破坏,所预测临界能量释放率为0.12N/mm,这说明同一皮质骨结构在不同失效模式下的临界能量释放率存在差异;③此文通过对结构力学性能与损伤机制进行综合分析,揭示了不同失效模式下皮质骨结构临界能量释放率存在差异的原因,为能量释放率测量以及准确的皮质骨断裂模拟提供理论依据。

GFRP-轻木夹芯结构Ⅰ/Ⅱ混合型界面剥离试验研究

为研究工程适用性轻木夹芯复合材料结构的界面粘结性能及剥离破坏机制,对不同跨高比的玻璃纤维增强复合材料-Balsa轻木(GFRP-Balsa)夹芯结构进行了单臂弯曲试验(SLB),得到了此种界面的I/II混合型剥离破坏模式、荷载-位移变化规律及裂纹扩展长度曲线,计算了界面裂纹应变能释放率,验证了界面裂纹线性扩展准则的适用性。结果表明:裂纹发展过程中会破坏玻璃纤维面层,界面剥离后芯材表面出现玻璃纤维的分层和断裂;试件跨高比越小,界面剥离裂纹萌生所需时间越长,裂纹扩展速率越小,且剥离极限荷载也越大;发生界面剥离后,随着裂纹的持续扩展,剥离荷载呈下降趋势;剥离界面应变能释放率随裂纹扩展呈上升趋势,且随跨高比的减小而显著增加。

粗晶大理岩单轴压缩力学特性的静态加载速率效应及能量机制试验研究

加载速率对岩石力学性质具有重要影响,影响的程度与岩石本身的微结构和加、卸载应力路径及状态等密切相关。基于静态加载速率范围内的9个不同等级应变率下粗晶大理岩单轴压缩试验,研究加载应变率对岩石的应力–应变曲线、破坏形态、强度、弹性模量及变形模量与应变能耗散及释放的影响规律,探讨岩石损伤演化的能量机制。根据总体积应变及裂纹体积应变与起裂及扩容应力的相关性,确定各应变率下岩石起裂及临界扩容应力。加载应变率大约以1×10-3s-1为分界点,小于该值时应力–应变曲线峰值点附近仍存在一定的塑性屈服或流动段,超过该值后表现为"折线"型。随着加载应变率的增加,岩样破裂模式由张剪型逐渐过渡到张性劈裂甚至劈裂弹射。一般而言,起裂及临界扩容应力和峰值应力均随加载速率增大而增大,且起裂及临界扩容应力越接近峰值强度,但当应变率为1×10-4～1×10-3s-1时,上述值均出现一个相对低值区间,这与粗晶大理岩的微结构特征相关。起裂应力、临界扩容应力、弹性模量及变形模量均与峰值强度线性相关。单轴压缩下峰前能量耗散量越多,强度越高,峰后可释放弹性应变能和释放速率越大,岩石的张性贯通破裂特性愈强,破裂块数越多。能量耗散使岩石损伤而强度丧失,而能量释放使岩石宏观破裂面贯通而整体破坏。

岩石临界应变能释放率测试及其相关规律

利用Instron1342型电液伺服材料试验机,采用双扭常位移松弛试验对矿石、大理岩、二辉橄榄岩、花岗岩4组岩石的试件进行断裂力学参数测试,获得相应的临界应变能释放率。以试验数据为依据,分析这4组岩石的临界应变能释放率与弹性模量及抗压强度的关系。研究结果表明:随着弹性模量或抗压强度的增加,临界应变能释放率也相应增大,且呈很好的线性关系;所建立的关系可为由抗压强度估算临界应变能释放率提供依据与帮助。

花岗岩样品高温后损伤的试验研究

对河南省某地产25块花岗岩样品进行高温预热处理,测量了加温前后弹性纵波波速,并对样品进行单轴压缩应力-应变全过程试验。通过以上试验,给出如下结果:温度对岩石损伤变化的作用;温度对岩石裂隙密度和损伤应变能释放率的影响。实验结果验证了花岗岩的塑性应变主要与偏斜应力产生的形状改变比能有关,而与体积改变比能的关系不大。

改进的虚裂纹闭合技术及其在复合材料脱层分析中的应用

提出一种改进的虚裂纹闭合技术 (VCCT)对轮胎带束 (一种复合材料结构 )不同脱层长度下的应变能释放率进行了计算。将强制裂纹闭合的位移作为一种可变约束施加在变形后的裂纹尖端 ,约束反力作为裂纹尖端力计算 ,应变能释放率由裂纹尖端力和约束位移的乘积得到。该方法的优点是简便易行 ,在物理理解上直观 ,实施起来方便。本文应用该技术对带束脱层进行了断裂力学分析 ,给出了数值结果 ,并对带束的脱层寿命进行了评价。