Long-term trends in the abundance and breeding performance in Adélie penguins:the Argentine Ecosystem Monitoring Program

In this work,we report long-term trends in the abundance and breeding performance of Adélie penguins(Pygoscelis adeliae)nesting in three Antarctic colonies(i.e.,at Martin Point,South Orkneys Islands;Stranger Point/Cabo Funes,South Shetland Islands;and Esperanza/Hope Bay in the Antarctic Peninsula)from 1995/96 to 2022/23.Using yearly count data of breeding groups selected,we observed a decline in the number of breeding pairs and chicks in crèche at all colonies studied.However,the magnitude of change was higher at Stranger Point than that in the remaining colonies.Moreover,the index of breeding success,which was calculated as the ratio of chicks in crèche to breeding pairs,exhibited no apparent trend throughout the study period.However,it displayed greater variability at Martin Point compared to the other two colonies under investigation.Although the number of chicks in crèche of Adélie penguins showed a declining pattern,the average breeding performance was similar to that reported in gentoo penguin colonies,specifically,those undergoing a population increase(even in sympatric colonies facing similar local conditions).Consequently,it is plausible to assume a reduction of the over-winter survival as a likely cause of the declining trend observed,at least in the Stranger Point and Esperanza colonies.However,we cannot rule out local effects during the breeding season affecting the Adélie population of Martin Point.

Investigation on long-term progressive deformation of engineering slope based on comprehensive monitoring

A landslide always results from a progressive process of slope deformation. In recent years, an increasing number of slope instabilities have occurred with regard to human engineering activities such as hydropower or traffic construction in mountainous area, which cause even greater casualties and economic loss compared with the natural hazards. The development of such earth surface process may hold long period with mechanisms still not fully understood. Using monitoring technology is an effective and intuitive approach to assist analyzing the slope deformation process and their driving factors. This study presents an engineering slope excavated during the construction of Changheba Hydropower Station, which is located in the upper reaches of Dadu River, Sichuan Province, southwest China. The engineering slope experienced and featured a five-year continuous deformation which caused continuous high risks to the engineering activities. We conducted in-depth analysis for such a long-term deformation process based on ground and subsurface monitoring data, collected successive data with a series of monitoring equipment such as automated total station, borehole inclinometers and other auxiliary apparatus, and identified the deformation process based on the comprehensive analysis of monitoring data as well as field investigation. After analyzing the effects of engineering activities and natural factors on the continuous deformation, we found that the overburden strata provided deformable mass while the excavation-produced steep terrain initiated the slope deformation in limit equilibrium state over a long period of time;afterwards, the intense rainwater accelerated slope deformation in the rainy season.

Fatigue damage reliability analysis for Nanjing Yangtze river bridge using structural health monitoring data

To evaluate the fatigue damage reliability of critical members of the Nanjing Yangtze river bridge, according to the stress-number curve and Miner’s rule, the corresponding expressions for calculating the structural fatigue damage reliability were derived. Fatigue damage reliability analysis of some critical members of the Nanjing Yangtze river bridge was carried out by using the strain-time histories measured by the structural health monitoring system of the bridge. The corresponding stress spectra were obtained by the real-time rain-flow counting method. Results of fatigue damage were calculated respectively by the reliability method at different reliability and compared with Miner’s rule. The results show that the fatigue damage of critical members of the Nanjing Yangtze river bridge is very small due to its low live-load stress level.

DISTRIBUTED MONITORING SYSTEM RELIABILITY ESTIMATION WITH CONSIDERATION OF STATISTICAL UNCERTAINTY

Taking into account the whole system structure and the component reliability estimation uncertainty, a system reliability estimation method based on probability and statistical theory for distributed monitoring systems is presented. The variance and confidence intervals of the system reliability estimation are obtained by expressing system reliability as a linear sum of products of higher order moments of component reliability estimates when the number of component or system survivals obeys binomial distribution. The eigenfunction of binomial distribution is used to determine the moments of component reliability estimates, and a symbolic matrix which can facilitate the search of explicit system reliability estimates is proposed. Furthermore, a case of application is used to illustrate the procedure, and with the help of this example, various issues such as the applicability of this estimation model, and measures to improve system reliability of monitoring systems are discussed.

System Reliability Analysis of Redundant Condition Monitoring Systems

The development and application of new reliability models and methods are presented to analyze the system relia- bility of complex condition monitoring systems.The methods include a method analyzing failure modes of a type of redundant con- dition monitoring systems (RCMS) by invoking failure tree model,Markov modeling techniques for analyzing system reliability of RCMS,and methods for estimating Markov model parameters.Furthermore,a computing case is investigated and many conclu- sions upon this case are summarized.Results show that the method proposed here is practical and valuable for designing condition monitoring systems and their maintenance.

Contribution of the BDS to availability and reliability improvement:A case study of dam surface displacement monitoring in China

The GPS-only system is limited in dam surface monitoring because of its low availability and reliability due to the visible satellites are not enough. This dilemma is expected to be solved through incorporating the China’s BeiDou System(BDS). This contribution will quantitatively analyse the availability and reliability improvements from DBS in different shielding situations of dams. The analysis is conducted through simulating a dam obstruction with different size, azimuth and distance to receiver. The similar experiments are simulated in the area across China in order to explore these contributions in different locations. Quantitative analysis results derive conclusions:(1) In most areas, the availability improved from 50% of GPS-only to 95% of BDS + GPS when most of the GEO/IGSO satellites are not blocked, and to70% even when most of GEO/IGSO satellites are blocked.(2) The average MDBs can be reduced by half when most of the GEO/IGSO satellites are not blocked, and by 10% even when most of GEO/IGSO satellites are blocked.

Adaptive Change Detection for Long-Term Machinery Monitoring Using Incremental Sliding-Window

Detection of structural changes from an opera- tional process is a major goal in machine condition moni- toring. Existing methods for this purpose are mainly based on retrospective analysis, resulting in a large detection delay that limits their usages in real applications. This paper presents a new adaptive real-time change detection algorithm, an extension of the recent research by combin- ing with an incremental sliding-window strategy, to handle the multi-change detection in long-term monitoring of machine operations. In particular, in the framework, Hil- bert space embedding of distribution is used to map the original data into the Re-producing Kernel Hilbert Space （RK_HS） for change detection; then, a new adaptive threshold strategy can be developed when making change decision, in which a global factor （used to control the coarse-to-fine level of detection） is introduced to replace the fixed value of threshold. Through experiments on a range of real testing data which was collected from an experimental rotating machinery system, the excellent detection performances of the algorithm for engineering applications were demonstrated. Compared with state-of- the-art methods, the proposed algorithm can be more suitable for long-term machinery condition monitoring without any manual re-calibration, thus is promising in modern industries.

Efficient Bayesian networks for slope safety evaluation with large quantity monitoring information

New sensing and wireless technologies generate massive data. This paper proposes an efficient Bayesian network to evaluate the slope safety using large-quantity field monitoring information with underlying physical mechanisms. A Bayesian network for a slope involving correlated material properties and dozens of observational points is constructed.

Current Model Analysis of South China Sea Based on Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF) Decomposition and Prototype Monitoring Data

Environmental load is the primary factor in the design of offshore engineering structures and ocean current is the principal environmental load that causes underwater structural failure. In computational analysis, the calculation of current load is mainly based on the current profile. The current profile model, which is based on a structural failure criterion, is conducive to decreasing the uncertainty of the current load. In this study, we used prototype monitoring data and the empirical orthogonal function(EOF) method to investigate the current profile in the South China Sea and its correlation with the design of underwater structural strength and the dynamic design of fatigue. The underwater structural strength design takes into account the size of the structure and the service water depth. We propose profiles for the overall and local designs using the inverse first-order reliability method(IFORM). We extracted the characteristic profile current(CPC) of the monitored sea area to solve dynamic design problems such as vortex-induced vibration(VIV). We used random sampling to verify the feasibility of using the EOF method to calculate the CPC from the current data and identified the main problems associated with using the CPC, which deserve close attention in VIV design. Our research conclusions provide direct references for determining current load in this sea area. This analysis method can also be used in the analysis of other sea areas or field variables.

A system for automated monitoring of embankment deformation along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway in permafrost regions

At present, the monitoring of embankment deformation in permafrost regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is mainly done manually. However, the harsh climate on the plateau affects the results greatly by lowering the observation frequency, so the manual monitoring can barely meet the observational demand. This research develops a system of automated monitoring of embankment deformation, and aims to address the problems caused by the plateau climate and the perma- frost conditions in the region. The equipment consists of a monitoring module, a data collection module, a transmission module, and a data processing module. The field experiments during this program indicate that （1） the combined auto- mated monitoring device overcame the problems associated with the complicated and tough plateau environment by means of wireless transmission and automatic analysis of the embankment settlement data; （2） the calibration of the combined settlement gauge at -20 ℃ was highly accurate, with an error rate always 〈0.5%; （3） the gauge calibration at high-temperature conditions was also highly accurate, with an error rate 〈0.5% even though the surface of the instrument reached more than 50 ℃; and （4） compared with the data manually taken, the data automatically acquired during field monitoring experiments demonstrated that the combined settlement gauge and the automated monitoring system could meet the requirements of the monitoring mission in permafrost regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.

Kriging-based reliability analysis of the long-term stability of a deep driftconstructed in the Callovo-Oxfordian claystone

Callovo-Oxfordian(COx)claystone has been considered as a potential host rock for geological radioactive waste disposal in France(Cigéo project).During the exploitation phase(100 years),the stability of drifts(e.g.galleries/alveoli)within the disposal is assured by the liner,which includes two layers:concrete arch segment and compressible material.The latter exhibits a significant deformation capacity(about 50%)under low stress(<3 MPa).Although the response of these underground structures can be governed by complex thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling,the creep behavior of COx claystone has been considered as the main factor controlling the increase of stress state in the concrete liner and hence the long-term stability of drifts.Therefore,by focusing only on the purely mechanical behavior,this study aims at investigating the uncertainty effect of the COx claystone time-dependent properties on the stability of an alveolus of Cigéo during the exploitation period.To describe the creep behavior of COx claystone,we use Lemaitre’s viscoplastic model with three parameters whose uncertainties are identified from laboratory creep tests.For the reliability analysis,an extension of a well-known Kriging metamodeling technique is proposed to assess the exceedance probability of acceptable stress in the concrete liner of the alveolus.The open-source code Code_Aster is chosen for the direct numerical evaluations of the performance function.The Kriging-based reliability analysis elucidates the effect of the uncertainty of COx claystone on the long-term stability of the concrete liner.Moreover,the role of the compressible material layer between the concrete liner and the host rock is also highlighted.

GPS monitoring and analysis of ground movement and deformation induced by transition from open-pit to underground mining

To trace the potential hazards of open-pit slope in Longshou mine,global positioning system（GPS） is applied to monitoring ground movement and deformation induced by transition from open-pit to underground mining.Through long-term monitoring from 2003 to 2008,huge amounts of data were acquired.Monitoring results show that large-scale ground movement and deformation have occurred in mining area,and the movement area is ellipse-shaped.The displacement boundary of settlement trough is 2.0 km long along the exploratory line,and 1.5 km long along the strike of ore body.GPS monitoring results basically agree with the practical deformation state of open-pit slope.It is indicated that the long-term GPS monitoring is an effective way to understand the mechanism of ground movement and deformation in mine area. 更多

Time-varying Reliability Analysis of Long-span Continuous Rigid Frame bridge under Cantilever Construction Stage based on the Monitored Strain Data

In general,the material properties,loads,resistance of the prestressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge in different construction stages are time-varying.So,it is essential to monitor the internal force state when the bridge is in construction.Among them,how to assess the safety is one of the challenges.As the continuous monitoring over a long-term period can increase the reliability of the assessment,so,based on a large number of monitored strain data collected from the structural health monitoring system(SHMS)during construction,a calculation method of the punctiform time-varying reliability is proposed in this paper to evaluate the stress state of this type bridge in cantilever construction stage by using the basic reliability theory.At the same time,the optimal stress distribution function in the bridge mid-span base plate is determined when the bridge is closed.This method can provide basis and direction for the internal force control of this type bridge in construction process.So,it can reduce the bridge safety and quality accidents in construction stages.

Maintenance Management Research of a Large-span Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge Based on Reliability Assessment by Using Strain Monitored Data

When the bridge components needing maintenance are the world problem at present,and the health monitoring system is considered to be a very help­ful tool for solving this problem.In this paper,a large number of strain data acquired from the structural health monitoring system(SHMS)installed on a continuous rigid frame bridge are adopted to do reliability assessment.Firstly,a calculation method of punctiform time-dependent reliability is proposed based on the basic reliability theory,and introduced how to cal­culate reliability of the bridge by using the stress data transformed from the strain data.Secondly,combined with“Three Sigma”principle and the basic pressure safety reserve requirement,the critical load effects distribu­tion function of the bridge is defined,and then the maintenance reliability threshold for controlling the unfavorable load state which appears in the early operation stage of this type bridge is suggested,and then the combi­nation of bridge maintenance management and health monitoring system is realized.Finally,the transformed stress distribution certifies that the load effects of concrete bridges practically have a normal distribution;as for the concrete continuous rigid frame bridge with C50 strength grade concrete,the retrofit reliability threshold should be valued at 6.13.The methodology suggested in this article can help bridge engineers do effective maintenance of bridges,which can effectively extend the service life of the bridge and bring better economic and social benefits.

Quality Monitoring of Various Local and Imported Brands of Bottled Drinking Water in Saudi Arabia

Minerals and constitutes in drinking water are vital for the nutrition of human bodies. Certain limits of water quality parameters must be met to ensure the safety of bottled drinking water for the human consumption. Thirty two local and twelve imported brands of bottled water in Saudi Arabia have been collected to verify their compliance with international and local standards which are EPA (2016), WHO (2013) and SASO (2009). A proposed scoring system is used to evaluate the water quality. Fayha and Hilwa brands have been selected as the best local brands whereas Volvic brand as the optimal imported brand in the western region of Saudi Arabia. The local water brands are more reliable to the standards than the imported brands. Licensed water brands in Saudi Arabia are found to have a good water quality which satisfied the quality requirements.

Design and Implementation of Long-Term Single-Lead ECG Monitor

Some heart diseases need long-term monitoring to diagnose. In this paper, we present a wearable single lead ECG monitoring device with low power consumption based on MSP430 and single-lead ECG front-end AD8232, which could acquire and store patient’s ECG data for 7 days continuously. This device is available for long-term wearing with a small volume. Also, it could detect user’s motion status with an acceleration sensor and supports Bluetooth 4.0 protocol. So it could be expanded to be a dynamic heart rate monitor and/or sleep quality monitor combined with smart phone. The device has huge potential of application for health care of human daily life.

A Study of Temperature and Aging Effects on Eigenfrequencies of Concrete Bridges for Health Monitoring

This paper discusses the influence of environmental factors and of normal material aging on the eigenfrequencies of concrete bridges based on monitoring data registered during 4 years of a specific bridge. It is a new composite steel-concrete bridge built in 2006 in Luxembourg. The measurements are analyzed and compared to literature data. The final objective is the use of real monitored eigenfrequencies for structural health monitoring and damage detection based on identification of stiffness losses in practical applications. Therefore, it is very important to identify and compensate for outdoor influences namely temperature, excitation force level and normal aging effects, like creep and shrinkage of concrete and their impact on material properties. The present paper aims at describing these effects in order to separate them from damage effects. It is shown that temperature change rates and temperature gradients within the bridge have an influence on the eigenfrequencies. Hence the key idea for assessment from the full database is to select only measurements with small temperature differences and slow temperature change rates.

Evaluation and Forecasting of Elapsed Fatigue Life of Ship Structures by Analyzing Data from Full Scale Ship Structural Monitoring

This paper describes the activities carried out by CETENA in collaboration with the Italian Navy to assess the behavior of new FREMM frigates by means of an automatic hull monitoring system and to predict the expected fatigue life of ship structure by analyzing recorded data through a specifically developed post-processing tool.

Internet of Things for in Home Health Based Monitoring System:Modern Advances,Challenges and Future Directions

IOT has carried outimportant function in converting the traditional fitness care corporation.With developing call for in population,traditional healthcare structures have reached their outmost functionality in presenting sufficient and as plenty as mark offerings.The worldwide is handling devastating developingantique population disaster and the right want for assisted-dwelling environments is turning into inevitable for senior citizens.There furthermore a determination by means of the use of way of countrywide healthcare organizations to increase crucial manual for individualized,right blanketed care to prevent and manipulate excessive coronial situations.Many tech orientated packages related to HealthMonitoring have been delivered these days as taking advantage of net boom everywhere on globe,manner to improvements in cellular and in IOT generation.Such as optimized indoor networks insurance,community shape,and fairly-lowdevice fee performances,advanced tool reliability,low device energy consumption,and hundreds higher unusual common usual performance in network safety and privacy.Studies have highlighted fantastic advantages of integrating IOT with health care location and as era is improving the rate also cannot be that terrific of a problem.However,many challenges in this new paradigm shift notwithstanding the fact that exist,that need to be addressed.So the out most purpose of this research paper is 3 essential departments:First,evaluation of key elements that drove the adoption and boom of the Internet of factors based totally domestic some distance off monitoring;Second,present fashionable improvement of IOT in home a long manner off monitoring shape and key building gadgets;Third,communicate future very last effects and distinct guidelines of such type a long way off monitoring packages going ahead.Such Research is a wonderful manner in advance now not outstanding in IOT Terminology but in standard fitness care location.

The Aeronautic Equipment RMS Management, Monitoring System and Software Realization

This paper introduces the theory of system engineering on materiel into the management and monitoring of reliability, maintainability and supportability (RMS) activities in the aeronautic equipment's life cycle. In order to assure the science of RMS management, it analyzes the contents of RMS activities in a life cycle, provides the model of management and monitoring, and discusses the software realization of the management and monitoring system.