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Study on green power supply modes for heavy load in Remote Areas
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作者 Yu Li Yixi Cuomu +4 位作者 Yiming Gao Guoqin Lv Weiwei Lin Sirui Li Changchun Zhou 《Global Energy Interconnection》 EI CSCD 2024年第4期475-485,共11页
In this study,the present situation and characteristics of power supply in remote areas are summarized.By studying the cases of power supply projects in remote areas,the experience is analyzed and described,and the ap... In this study,the present situation and characteristics of power supply in remote areas are summarized.By studying the cases of power supply projects in remote areas,the experience is analyzed and described,and the applicability of related technologies,such as grid-forming storage and power load management,is studied,including grid-connection technologies,such as grid-forming converters and power load management.On this basis,three power-supply modes were proposed.The application scenarios and advantages of the three modes were compared and analyzed.Based on the local development situation,the temporal sequences of the three schemes are described,and a case study was conducted.The study of the heavy-load power supply mode in remote areas contributes to solving the problem of heavy-load green power consumption in remote areas and promoting the further development of renewable energy. 展开更多
关键词 remote area Renewable energy Grid-forming storage Power load management Power supply mode
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Spatiotemporal Evolution of Ecological Quality in Typical Karst Ecologically Fragile Areas Based on Remote Sensing Ecological Indexes
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作者 Denghong HUANG Zhiying ZHANG Zhenzhen ZHANG 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 2024年第2期22-28,共7页
Fast and effective remote sensing monitoring is an important means for analyzing the spatio-temporal changes in ecological quality in fragile karst regions.This study focuses on Guanling Autonomous County,a national-l... Fast and effective remote sensing monitoring is an important means for analyzing the spatio-temporal changes in ecological quality in fragile karst regions.This study focuses on Guanling Autonomous County,a national-level demonstration county for comprehensive desertification control.Based on Landsat TM/OLI remote sensing image data from 2005,2010,2015,and 2020,remote sensing ecological indices were used to analyze the spatio-temporal changes in ecological quality in Guanling Autonomous County from 2005 to 2020.The results show that:①the variance contribution rates of the first principal component for the four periods were 66.31%,71.59%,63.18%,and 75.24%,indicating that PC1 integrated most of the characteristics of the four indices,making the RSEI suitable for evaluating ecological quality in karst mountain areas;②the remote sensing ecological index grades have been increasing year by year,with an overall trend of improving ecological quality.The area of higher-grade ecological quality has increased spatially,while fragmented patches have gradually decreased,becoming more concentrated in the low-altitude areas in the northwest and east,and there is a trend of expansion towards higher-altitude areas;③the ecological environment quality in most areas has improved,with the improvement in RSEI spatio-temporal variation becoming more noticeable with increasing slope.Areas of higher-grade quality appeared in 2010,and the range of higher-grade quality expanded with increasing slope. 展开更多
关键词 Ecological quality remote sensing ecological index Karst mountainous area Ecological fragility Guanling Autonomous County
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E-commerce development in rural and remote areas of BRICS countries 被引量:12
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作者 Karine HAJI 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2021年第4期979-997,共19页
E-commerce plays an essential role in modern trade today.It is expected that e-commerce volume amounted to 29 trillion USD in the world in 2017,and would grow with the spread of the Internet and information and commun... E-commerce plays an essential role in modern trade today.It is expected that e-commerce volume amounted to 29 trillion USD in the world in 2017,and would grow with the spread of the Internet and information and communication technologies(ICTs).Brazil,Russia,India,China and South Africa(BRICS),together with many others,consider e-commerce a means to facilitate rapid,inclusive and sustainable economic growth,improving the living standards and alleviating poverty.This article examines areas for potential cooperation by BRICS countries in e-commerce development across rural and remote areas to fight poverty.It analyses the current state of e-commerce development in rural and remote areas in each of the BRICS countries,including cases of public and private initiatives to support it.The article also defines the opportunities which e-commerce brings to people living in rural and remote areas.Moreover,it evaluates the existing challenges and risks.The article concludes that despite the rapid e-commerce development in BRICS countries,and significant opportunities created,there are still issues of disproportionate e-commerce in varied regions and the lack of BRICS cooperation in this sphere.Based on a comparative and normative in-depth,systematic analysis,the article develops a set of recommendations for deepening BRICS countries'cooperation in the following areas:infrastructure in rural and remote regions;education;consumer protection;online dispute resolution;coordinated policy in the international scene,including representation of BRICS countries in international indexes,such as the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index(STRI). 展开更多
关键词 E-COMMERCE BRICS poverty alleviation international cooperation remote and rural areas ICT infrastructure educational cooperation online dispute resolution consumer protection online Digital STRI
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SOME KEY ISSUES ON THE APPLICATION OF SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING TO MINING AREAS 被引量:1
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作者 DUPein-jun ZHOUXing-dong GUODa-zhi 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2003年第1期79-83,共5页
In order to apply Satellite Remote Sensing (RS) to mining areas, some key issues should be solved. Based on an introduction to relative studying background, related key issues are proposed and analyzed oriented to the... In order to apply Satellite Remote Sensing (RS) to mining areas, some key issues should be solved. Based on an introduction to relative studying background, related key issues are proposed and analyzed oriented to the development of RS information science and demands of mining areas. Band selection and combination optimization of Landsat TM is discussed firstly, and it proved that the combination of Band 3, Band 4 and Band 5 has the largest information amount in all three-band combination schemes by both N-dimensional entropy method and Genetic Algorithm (GA). After that the filtering of Radarsat image is discussed. Different filtering methods are experimented and compared, and adaptive methods are more efficient than others. Finally the classification of satellite RS image is studied, and some new methods including classification by improved BPNN(Back Propagation Neural Network) and classification based on GIS and knowledge are proposed. 展开更多
关键词 Satellite remote Sensing mining areas band combination FILTERING image classification
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Working in Remote Areas Services are scarce in mountainous regions
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《China Population Today》 1995年第Z1期23-23,共1页
WorkinginRemoteAreasServicesarescarceinmountainousregionsServiceDeliveryinRemoteandIsolatedAreasAthirtyyearo... WorkinginRemoteAreasServicesarescarceinmountainousregionsServiceDeliveryinRemoteandIsolatedAreasAthirtyyearoldmotherofDainati... 展开更多
关键词 Working in remote areas Services are scarce in mountainous regions
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Collaborative Micro-projects in the Remote Areas of Tibet
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作者 Patrizia Broggi Maria Antonia Sironi 《China & The World Cultural Exchange》 2000年第6期33-35,共3页
关键词 Collaborative Micro-projects in the remote areas of Tibet
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Analysis on the land use and cover change in Tianjin Binhai New Area based on the remote sensing 被引量:1
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作者 王丰 刘书明 +3 位作者 卢文虎 杜琼玮 姜伟男 李佳芮 《Marine Science Bulletin》 CAS 2014年第2期46-59,共14页
This paper carries out quantitative analysis on the land use/cover (LU/C) change of 13anjin Binhai New Area in recent 10 years through using land use transition matrix from the three-stage LU/C classification maps o... This paper carries out quantitative analysis on the land use/cover (LU/C) change of 13anjin Binhai New Area in recent 10 years through using land use transition matrix from the three-stage LU/C classification maps of 2000, 2005 and 2010 drafted by means of the National Land Classification System of China based on Landsat TM satellite remote sensing image and the Tianjin Binhai New Area 1:50 000 relief maps. On this basis, the impact of such driving factors as the economy and population on LU/C is further analyzed. The results show that the area of the building land in Binhai New Area has increased significantly over the ten years, and the greenland, wetland, and shoals of high ecological value have been dramatically transformed into the building land and unused land for the development and construction, and the change is more significant in the later five years. 展开更多
关键词 Binhai New area remote sensing land use and cover change drivingfactors
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Methods for calculating glacier area and length in a mountainous area based on remote-sensing data and a digital elevation model 被引量:4
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作者 JunZhan Wang YouJing Zhang +2 位作者 WeiMin Zhang JianJun Qu Chen Chen 《Research in Cold and Arid Regions》 2010年第4期298-304,共7页
In a mountainous region, the glacier area and length extracted form the satellite imagery data is the projected area and length of the land surface, which can’t be representative of the reality; there are always some... In a mountainous region, the glacier area and length extracted form the satellite imagery data is the projected area and length of the land surface, which can’t be representative of the reality; there are always some errors. In this paper, the methods of calculating glacier area and length calculation were put forward based on satellite imagery data and a digital elevation model (DEM). The pure pixels and the mixed pixels were extracted based on the linear spectral un-mixing approach, the slop of the pixels was calculated based on the DEM, then the area calculation method was presented. The projection length was obtained from the satellite imagery data, and the elevation differences was calculated from the DEM. The length calculation method was presented based on the Pythagorean theorem. For a glacier in the study area of western Qilian Mountain, northwestern China, the projected area and length were 140.93 km2 and 30.82 km, respectively. This compares with the results calculated by the methods in this paper, which were 155.16 km2 and 32.11 km respectively, a relative error of the projected area and length extracted from the LandSat Thematic Mapper (TM) image directly reach to -9.2 percent and -4.0 percent, respectively. The calculation method is more in accord with the practicality and can provide reference for some other object’s area and length monitoring in a mountainous region. 展开更多
关键词 area LENGTH remote sensing GLACIER
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Monitoring the Cultivated Slope Land in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area Based on Remote Sensing and GIS 被引量:4
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作者 ZHOU Jieming1, ZHOU Qigang 2, 3 ,HUANG Zhiqin 2, 3, 4 1. The Faculty of Geography and Resources Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China 2. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China +1 位作者 3. Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 4. Information Center of Land and Resources Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China 《Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences》 EI CAS 2006年第4期915-921,共7页
By means of combining auto-extraction with manual interpretation, the current distribution information about cultivated land is obtained. The distribution information of 1992 is extracted from the dynamic polygons of ... By means of combining auto-extraction with manual interpretation, the current distribution information about cultivated land is obtained. The distribution information of 1992 is extracted from the dynamic polygons of 2002. The monitoring mini-system of the cultivated slope land is established. In the system, detailed surveys, focused on the resources of cultivated slope land, are carried out. The results indicate that the area of the cultivated slope land is very large. Meanwhile, there are lots of cultivated steep slopes with gradient above 35°. The areas of steep land cultivated had been slowly reduced from 1992 to 2002. At the same time, the pressures of returning farm land to forestry are great in all counties. The conflicts between population growth, insufficient grain supply and stagnant economic development sharpen increasingly. It is inevitable to improve the agricultural structure. 展开更多
关键词 slope land cultivated remote sensing geography information system (GIS) the pressure of returning farm land to forestry Three Gorges Reservoir area
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Remote Sense and GIS-Based Division of Landslide Hazard Degree in Wanzhou District of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area 被引量:1
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作者 ZHOU Qigang FENG Wenlan +2 位作者 SONG Shujun YUAN Lifeng ZHOU Wancun 《Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences》 EI CAS 2006年第4期780-786,共7页
An evaluation model divided landslide hazard degrees in Wanzhou District of Three Gorges Reservoir Area. The model was established by GIS techniques and took land use/cover, stratum characters, slope aspect, slope gra... An evaluation model divided landslide hazard degrees in Wanzhou District of Three Gorges Reservoir Area. The model was established by GIS techniques and took land use/cover, stratum characters, slope aspect, slope gradient, elevation difference and slope shape as evaluation factors. The data of land use/cover were obtained by remote sensing, and the weights of the factors mentioned above were established by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The results indicate, low danger areas in the studied area account for 66.51%, and high danger areas and very high danger areas occupy 1/3 of the total area. The regions of high and very high danger are mainly located around the urban area of Wanzhou District and on the banks of the Yangtze River with a relatively large area, where collapse and landslide directly threats densely populated areas and Three Gorges Reservoir. Slope destabilization, if occurs, will bring huge loss to social economy. All research results are consistent with the actual conditions; therefore, they can be regarded as a useful basis for planning and constructing of the reservoir area. 展开更多
关键词 landslide hazard degree three gorges reservoir area LANDSLIDE remote sense geography information system
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Eco-Friendly Selection of Diesel Generator Based on Genset-Synchro Technology for Off-Grid Remote Area Application in the North of Quebec 被引量:2
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作者 Mohamad Issa Jean Fiset +1 位作者 Hussein Ibrahim Adrian Ilinca 《Energy and Power Engineering》 2019年第5期232-247,共16页
For most of their energy requirements, greater part of remote communities and small islands around the world rely on imported fossil fuels. The economical cost of energy is therefore very high not only due to inherent... For most of their energy requirements, greater part of remote communities and small islands around the world rely on imported fossil fuels. The economical cost of energy is therefore very high not only due to inherent cost of fuel, but also due to transportation and due to maintenance costs. One solution for saving fuel in a diesel generator is to allow the engine to operate directly in relation to the request for electrical load at variable speeds. Genset-Synchro Technology has developed an innovative variable speed?generator technology (patent pending) that allows applications where power demand varies widely to benefit from the new technology that maintains constant voltage and frequency while adjusting the generator stator speed to power demand. This paper will present an innovative approach for optimizing the energy production based from the fact that the structure that contains the stator windings of the generator is mounted on roller bearings, which allows its free rotation around the axis of the rotor, consequently stopping the stator structure from being static and aims to minimize the unit cost of electricity. Case study on application in remote area in the north of Quebec is described. A saving of 7%?-?9% on fuel consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) under low winter ambient temperatures has been registered. 展开更多
关键词 DIESEL GENERATOR remote areas Fuel Saving Greenhouse Gas Electrical Machines Control of Rotor SPEED Variable DIESEL SPEED GENERATOR Total Distortion Harmonics
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Optical Remote-sensing Monitoring and Forecasting of Atmospheric Pollution in Huaibei Area, China 被引量:1
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作者 Su-wen Li Pin-hua Xie +2 位作者 En-hua Jiang Yong Zhang Hai-feng Dai 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2012年第6期739-742,I0004,共5页
Huaibei is an energy city. Coal as the primary energy consumption brings a large number of regional pollution in Huaibei area. Differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) as optical remote sensing technology... Huaibei is an energy city. Coal as the primary energy consumption brings a large number of regional pollution in Huaibei area. Differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) as optical remote sensing technology has been applied to monitor regional average concen- trations and inventory of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and ozone. DOAS system was set up and applied to monitor the main air pollutants in Huaibei area. Monitoring data were obtained from 7 to 28 August, 2011. Monitoring results show measurements in controlling pollution are effective, and emissions of pollutants are up to the national standard in Huaibei area. Prediction model was also created to track changing trend of pollutions. These will provide raw data support for effective evaluation of environmental quality in Huaibei area. 展开更多
关键词 Optical remote sensing Atmospheric pollution Huaibei area MONITORING Forecasting
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Study on the damage of the “91.7” rainstorm in Sihu drainage area with remote sensing application technique
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作者 Yu Guangming(Department of Geography, Central China Normal Univerrity, Wuhan 430070, China)Chen Ping Wu Xuejin Wang Chaonan(Department of Geography, Xianning Teachero’ College, Xianning 437005, Hubei Province, China) 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1994年第2期155-163,共9页
In this paper, the water equilibrium and ground truth are analyzed for '91.7' rainstormin Sihu drainage area, Hubei Province, China. The flood and waterlogging situation of ' 91.7'rainstorm in this are... In this paper, the water equilibrium and ground truth are analyzed for '91.7' rainstormin Sihu drainage area, Hubei Province, China. The flood and waterlogging situation of ' 91.7'rainstorm in this area are investigated using remote sensing, especially the estimation of inundatedarea, the analysis of temporal and spatial characters of this flood and waterlogging damage. Andthe way of flood-trace using remote sensing is explored. At last, the disastroiis conditions are evalu-ated. 展开更多
关键词 flood and waterlogging damage inundated area remote sensing rainstorm.
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Quality evaluation of land reclamation in mining area based on remote sensing
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作者 Shidong Wang Jjianhua Guo +2 位作者 Yang Yu Pujie Shi Hebing Zhang 《International Journal of Coal Science & Technology》 EI CAS CSCD 2023年第3期204-213,共10页
Several deficiencies exist in the present evaluation of land reclamation quality in mining areas.These include the absence of an established set of evaluation index systems and standard acceptance criteria,as well as ... Several deficiencies exist in the present evaluation of land reclamation quality in mining areas.These include the absence of an established set of evaluation index systems and standard acceptance criteria,as well as the use of traditional sam-pling techniques,which are costly and in eficiency,and time-consuming.Compared with the traditional sampling survey methods,remote sensing has the advantages of a wide detection range,diverse information collection,multiple data-acquiring strategies,high speed,and short cycle.In this study,we used the Xinzhuang coal mining field in Yongcheng,Henan Province as an example to extract information and invert surface parameters using remote sensing techniques,based on national and local reclamation regulations and standards.Subsequently,using remote sensing,we constructed an index system for evaluating land reclamation quality in three aspects:reclaiming project quality,soil quality,and ecological benefits.Through the grading standards of evaluation indicators and quantitative remote sensing models,we determined the extracted information on the area of indicators,roads,ditches,soil moisture,organic matter,and ecological benefits after reclamation.Based on this,we established a quality evaluation model for mining land reclamation using an improved index and method.The evaluation units were divided,and the weight of the evaluation index was determined using the analytic hierarchy process and data envelopment analysis(AHP-DEA)method.The land reclamation quality in the study area was comprehensively evaluated,field accuracy was verified,and the results were analyzed.The results show that,except for the removal of roads,houses,and fishponds in the study area,all 13 evaluation units achieved a score of 60 points or higher.The quality of reclamation met the standards,and the evaluation results were consistent with the conclusions of the field investigation and project acceptance report,demonstrating the reliability and feasibility of the method developed in this study.The research results will provide technical support for the scientific evaluation of land reclamation quality. 展开更多
关键词 remote sensing Mining area land-Reclamation quality EVALUATION SOIL
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APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE SENSING IN ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND CHANGE ANALYSIS IN THE THREE GORGES AREA
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作者 Chen Yu, Huang Xueqiao (Institute of Mountain Disaster and Environment, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Conservancy, Chengdu) 《遥感信息》 CSCD 1990年第A02期23-24,共2页
1. INTRODUCTION The proposed Three Gorges Project, one of the biggest hydroelectric projects in the world, will dam the middle reaches of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River, the third longest river in the world, and form ... 1. INTRODUCTION The proposed Three Gorges Project, one of the biggest hydroelectric projects in the world, will dam the middle reaches of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River, the third longest river in the world, and form a large reservoir. Its impacts on environment have attracted wide attention. Entrusted by National Scientific-Technical Commission, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) was in charge of a research project on this issuse from 1984 to 1989. Tho use of remote sensing played an important role in the project considering the study area is mountainous and not convenientlv located, which makes it difficult to conduct the research onlv using conventional means. 展开更多
关键词 DATA APPLICATIONS OF remote SENSING IN ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND CHANGE ANALYSIS IN THE THREE GORGES area
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New and Renewable Energy Development in China's Rural and Remote Area
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作者 Huang Shaojian Chinese Society for Hydroelectric Engineering 《Electricity》 1996年第4期42-44,共3页
This paper analyses the present situation of new and renewable energy development in China’s rural and remote areas and gives the development objectives and tasks which could be fulfilled in the future. At last, it i... This paper analyses the present situation of new and renewable energy development in China’s rural and remote areas and gives the development objectives and tasks which could be fulfilled in the future. At last, it is summed up that exploiting new and renewable energy is the national key strategy for rural economic development. 展开更多
关键词 In New and Renewable Energy Development in China’s Rural and remote area THAN
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Application of remote sensing in monitoring environmental change in ore area―Take Panzhihua V-Ti magnetite as an example
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作者 Xianguo TUO Wunian YANG +2 位作者 Huaiyong SHAO Zhengqi XU Keliang MU 《Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry》 EI CAS 2006年第B08期37-38,共2页
关键词 遥感技术 环境变化 矿石
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Monitoring Land Use Dynamics in Chanthaburi Province of Thailand Using Digital Remotely Sensed Images 被引量:12
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作者 SHENRUNPING I.KHEORUENROMNE 《Pedosphere》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2003年第2期157-164,共8页
A comprehensive method of image classification was developed for monitoring land use dynamics in Chanthaburi Province of Tailand. RS (Remote Sensing), GIS (Geographical Information System), GPS (Global Positioning Sys... A comprehensive method of image classification was developed for monitoring land use dynamics in Chanthaburi Province of Tailand. RS (Remote Sensing), GIS (Geographical Information System), GPS (Global Positioning System) and ancillary data were combined by the method which adopts the main idea of classifying images by steps from decision tree method and the hybridized supervised and unsupervised classification. An integration of automatic image interpretation, ancillary materials and expert knowledge was realized. Two subscenes of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) images of bands 3, 4 and 5 obtained on December 15, 1992, and January 17, 1999, were used for image processing and spatial data analysis in the study. The overall accuracy of the results of classification reached 90%, which was verified by field check.Results showed that shrimp farm land, urban and traffic land, barren land, bush and agricultural developing area increased in area, mangrove, paddy field, swamp and marsh land, orchard and plantation, and tropical grass land decreased, and the forest land kept almost stable. Ecological analysis on the land use changes showed that more attentions should be paid on the effect of land development on ecological environment in the future land planning and management. 展开更多
关键词 image classification land use dynamics remote sensing tropical area
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An applied research on remote sensing classification in the Loess Plateau 被引量:5
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作者 LIU Yongmei TANG Guoan +1 位作者 LI Tianwen YANG Qinke 《Journal of Geographical Sciences》 SCIE CSCD 2003年第4期395-399,共5页
Dae to complex terrain of the Loess Plateau, the classification accuracy is unsatisfactory when a single supervised classification is used in die remote sensing investigation of the sloping field. Taking the loess hil... Dae to complex terrain of the Loess Plateau, the classification accuracy is unsatisfactory when a single supervised classification is used in die remote sensing investigation of the sloping field. Taking the loess hill and gully area of northern Shaanxi Province as a test area, a research was conducted to extract sloping field and other land use categories by applying an integrated classification. Based on an integration of supervised classification aad unsupervised classification, sampling method is remarkably unproved. The results show that the classification accuracy is satisfactory by the method and is of critical significance in obtaining up-to-date information of the sloping field, which should be helpful in the state key project of converting farmland to forest and grassland on slope land in this area. This research sought to improve the application accuracy of image classification in complex terrain areas. 展开更多
关键词 remote sensing integrated classification loess hilly and gully area sloping field SHAANXI
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Urban Expansion in China Based on Remote Sensing Technology:A Review 被引量:7
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作者 ZHANG Zengxiang LIU Fang +9 位作者 ZHAO Xiaoli WANG Xiao SHI Lifeng XU Jinyong YU Sisi WEN Qingke ZUO Lijun YI Ling HU Shunguang LIU Bin 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2018年第5期727-743,共17页
Urban areas and its evolution are important anthropogenic indicators and human ecological footprints, and play decisive roles in environmental change analysis, global geo-conditional monitoring, and sustainable develo... Urban areas and its evolution are important anthropogenic indicators and human ecological footprints, and play decisive roles in environmental change analysis, global geo-conditional monitoring, and sustainable development. China has the highest rate of urban expansion and has emerged as an urban expansion hotspot worldwide. In this paper, the progress of studies on Chinese urban expansion based on remote sensing technology are summarized and analyzed from the aspects of urban area definition, remotely sensed imagery applied in urban expansion, monitoring methods of urban expansion, and urban expansion applications. Existing issues and future directions of Chinese urban expansion are discussed and proposed. Results indicate that: 1) The fusion of multi-source remotely sensed imagery is imperative to meet the needs of urban expansion with various monitoring terms and frequencies on different scales and dimensions. 2) To guarantee the classification accuracy and efficiency and describe urban expansion and its influences on local land use simultaneously, the combination of visual interpretation and automatic classification is the tendency of future monitoring methods of urban areas. 3) Urban expansion data have become the prerequisite for recognizing the urban development process, excavating its driving forces, simulating and predicting the future development directions, and also is conducive to revealing and explaining urban ecological and environmental issues. 4) In the past decades, Chinese scholars have promoted the application of remote sensing technology in the urban expansion field, with data construction, methods and models developing from the quotation stage to improvement and innovation stage; however, an independent and consistent urban expansion data on the national scale with long-term and high-frequency(such as annual monitoring) monitoring is still lacking. 展开更多
关键词 urban areas urban expansion spatial resolution monitoring methods remote sensing China
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