Spatiotemporal Evolution of Ecological Quality in Typical Karst Ecologically Fragile Areas Based on Remote Sensing Ecological Indexes

Fast and effective remote sensing monitoring is an important means for analyzing the spatio-temporal changes in ecological quality in fragile karst regions.This study focuses on Guanling Autonomous County,a national-level demonstration county for comprehensive desertification control.Based on Landsat TM/OLI remote sensing image data from 2005,2010,2015,and 2020,remote sensing ecological indices were used to analyze the spatio-temporal changes in ecological quality in Guanling Autonomous County from 2005 to 2020.The results show that:①the variance contribution rates of the first principal component for the four periods were 66.31%,71.59%,63.18%,and 75.24%,indicating that PC1 integrated most of the characteristics of the four indices,making the RSEI suitable for evaluating ecological quality in karst mountain areas;②the remote sensing ecological index grades have been increasing year by year,with an overall trend of improving ecological quality.The area of higher-grade ecological quality has increased spatially,while fragmented patches have gradually decreased,becoming more concentrated in the low-altitude areas in the northwest and east,and there is a trend of expansion towards higher-altitude areas;③the ecological environment quality in most areas has improved,with the improvement in RSEI spatio-temporal variation becoming more noticeable with increasing slope.Areas of higher-grade quality appeared in 2010,and the range of higher-grade quality expanded with increasing slope.

Working in Remote Areas Services are scarce in mountainous regions

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Ore-forming Conditions and Prospecting in the West Kunlun Area,Xinjiang, China

The West Kunlun ore-forming belt is located between the northwestern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and southwestern Tarim Basin. It situated between the Paleo-Asian Tectonic Domain and Tethyan Tectonic Domain. It is an important component of the giant tectonic belt in central China (the Kunlun-Qilian-Qinling Tectonic Belt or the Central Orogenic Belt). Many known ore-forming belts such as the Kunlun-Qilian Qinling ore-forming zone, Sanjiang (or Three river) ore-forming zone, Central Asian ore-forming zone, etc. pass through the West Kunlun area. Three ore-forming zones and seven ore-forming subzones were classified, and eighteen mineralization areas were marked. It is indicated that the West Kunlun area is one of the most favorable region for finding out large and superlarge ore deposits.

Glacier variations and their response to climate change in an arid inland river basin of Northwest China

Glaciers are a critical freshwater resource of river recharge in arid areas around the world.In recent decades,glaciers have shown evidence of retreat due to climate change,and the accelerated ablation of glaciers and associated impacts on water resources have received widespread attention.Glacier variations result from climate change,so they can serve as an indicator of climate change.Considering the climatic differences in different elevation ranges,it is worthwhile to explore whether different responses exist between glacier area and air temperature in each elevation zone.In this study,we selected a typical arid inland river basin(Sugan Lake Basin)in the western Qilian Mountains of Northwest China to analyze the glacier variations and their response to climate change.The glacier area data from 1989 to 2016 were delineated using Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM),Enhanced TM+(ETM+)and Operational Land Imager(OLI)images.We compared the relationships between glacier area and air temperature at seven meteorological stations in the glacier-covered areas and in the Sugan Lake Basin,and further analyzed the relationship between glacier area and mean air temperature of the glacier surfaces in July–August in the elevation range of 4700–5500 m a.s.l.by the linear regression method and correlation analysis.In addition,based on the linear regression relationship established between glacier area and air temperature in each elevation zone,we predicted glacier areas under future climate scenarios during the periods of 2046–2065 and 2081–2100.The results indicate that the glaciers experienced a remarkable shrinkage from 1989 to 2016 with a shrinkage rate of–1.61 km^2/a(–0.5%/a),and the rising temperature is the decisive factor dominating glacial retreat;there is a significant negative linear correlation between glacier area and mean air temperature of the glacier surfaces in July–August in each elevation zone from 1989 to 2016.The variations in glaciers are far less sensitive to changes in precipitation than to changes in air temperature.Due to the influence of climate and topographic conditions,the distribution of glacier area and the rate of glacier ablation first increased and then decreased in different elevation zones.The trend in glacier shrinkage will continue because air temperature will continue to increase in the future,and the result of glacier retreat in each elevation zone will be slightly slower than that in the entire study area.Quantitative glacier research can more accurately reflect the response of glacier variations to climate change,and the regression relationship can be used to predict the areas of glaciers under future climate scenarios.These conclusions can offer effective references for assessing glacier variations and their response to climate change in arid inland river basins in Northwest China as well as other similar regions in the world.

Spatiotemporal changes of typical glaciers and their responses to climate change in Xinjiang,Northwest China

Glaciers are highly sensitive to climate change and are undergoing significant changes in mid-latitudes.In this study,we analyzed the spatiotemporal changes of typical glaciers and their responses to climate change in the period of 1990-2015 in 4 different mountainous sub-regions in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of Northwest China:the Bogda Peak and Karlik Mountain sub-regions in the Tianshan Mountains;the Yinsugaiti Glacier sub-region in the Karakorum Mountains;and the Youyi Peak sub-region in the Altay Mountains.The standardized snow cover index(NDSI)and correlation analysis were used to reveal the glacier area changes in the 4 sub-regions from 1990 to 2015.Glacial areas in the Bogda Peak,Karlik Mountain,Yinsugaiti Glacier,and Youyi Peak sub-regions in the period of 1990-2015 decreased by 57.7,369.1,369.1,and 170.4 km^(2),respectively.Analysis of glacier area center of gravity showed that quadrant changes of glacier areas in the 4 sub-regions moved towards the origin.Glacier area on the south aspect of the Karlik Mountain sub-region was larger than that on the north aspect,while glacier areas on the north aspect of the other 3 sub-regions were larger than those on the south aspect.Increased precipitation in the Karlik Mountain sub-region inhibited the retreat of glaciers to a certain extent.However,glacier area changes in the Bogda Peak and Youyi Peak sub-regions were not sensitive to the increased precipitation.On a seasonal time scale,glacier area changes in the Bogda Peak,Karlik Mountain,Yinsugaiti Glacier,and Youyi Peak sub-regions were mainly caused by accumulated temperature in the wet season;on an annual time scale,the correlation coefficient between glacier area and annual average temperature was-0.72 and passed the significance test at P<0.05 level in the Karlik Mountain sub-region.The findings of this study can provide a scientific basis for water resources management in the arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China in the context of global warming.

Response of glacier area variation to climate change in the Kaidu-Kongque river basin,Southern Tianshan Mountains during the last 20 years

Glaciers are crucial water resources for arid inland rivers in Northwest China.In recent decades,glaciers are largely experiencing shrinkage under the climate-warming scenario,thereby exerting tremendous influences on regional water resources.The primary role of understudying watershed scale glacier changes under changing climatic conditions is to ensure sustainable utilization of regional water resources,to prevent and mitigate glacier-related disasters.This study maps the current(2020)distribution of glacier boundaries across the Kaidu-Kongque river basin,south slope of Tianshan Mountains,and monitors the spatial evolution of glaciers over five time periods from 2000-2020 through thresholded band ratios approach,using 25 Landsat images at 30 m resolution.In addition,this study attempts to understand the role of climate characteristics for variable response of glacier area.The results show that the total area of glaciers was 398.21 km^(2)in 2020.The glaciers retreated by about 1.17 km^(2)/a(0.26%/a)from 2000 to 2020.The glaciers were reducing at a significantly rapid rate between 2000 and 2005,a slow rate from 2005 to 2015,and an accelerated rate during 2015-2020.The meteorological data shows slight increasing trends of mean annual temperature(0.02℃/a)and annual precipitation(2.07 mm/a).The correlation analysis demonstrates that the role of temperature presents more significant correlation with glacier recession than precipitation.There is a temporal hysteresis in the response of glacier change to climate change.Increasing trend of temperature in summer proves to be the driving force behind the Kaidu-Kongque basin glacier recession during the recent 20 years.

伊阿铁路霍拉山越岭段工程地质遥感解译与分析

伊阿铁路霍拉山越岭段地形切割强烈、地质环境复杂,部分区域为无人区,道路不便,现场勘察工作难度极大。本文利用多源遥感数据,通过对越岭段区域的断裂构造、不良地质、煤炭采空区等开展全面的解译提取分析,准确获取各类地质要素发育的位置、规模、展布形态等关键信息。结合重点区现场勘察,提出线路需尽量大角度垂直穿越区内NWW—近EW向断裂延伸区,合理避让连续危岩落石区、大型滑坡体,绕避或采用隧道工程通过风蚀垅岗、风蚀残丘地貌区,远离煤炭采空区以及由其引起的塌陷区等重要参考意见和建议。研究成果可有力支撑现场勘察以及线路方案的比选确定工作,充分发挥遥感技术独特的“天眼”优势,具有重要的理论以及实际意义。

村庄规划对偏远山区乡村发展的促进作用--以内蒙古和林格尔县白其口村为例

运用归纳总结法和SWOT分析法提出乡村振兴背景下村庄规划的主要发展内容,聚焦于村庄规划与偏远山区村庄发展的关系,提出经济、生态、文化、旅游等多维度的促进乡村发展的目标框架,探索规划对村庄的促进作用。结果表明,①偏远山区具有距离城市远、地形复杂、经济发展水平不高、人居环境亟待改善的特点;②偏远山区村庄规划,在提升产业发展水平、增加农民收入、重塑村庄治理结构、提高人居环境质量、改善地区生态等方面作用显著,对促进村庄发展至关重要。③针对“集聚提升类”村庄,结合白其口村自然环境特征和发展现状,规划整治村庄内部分区和发展格局,精准推动村庄发展,以期更好地促进偏远山区美丽乡村建设。

秦巴山地植被冠层降雨截留时空分异特征及驱动因素

冠层截留研究对于了解区域水资源分配和评估生态水文功能至关重要,山地复杂多样的环境使其存在较大的不确定性,遥感的发展为揭示山地系统冠层截留的特征提供了机遇。以秦巴山地为研究区,基于降雨数据和叶面积指数遥感数据,耦合植被冠层降雨截留模型,定量模拟和分析秦巴山地2003—2020年植被冠层降雨截留能力及其时空变化特征,并验证其精确性;采用地理探测器、相关分析和约束线法探究冠层截留的驱动因素。结果表明:(1)与PML_V2数据集和实测数据相比,3.5以下的均方根误差和0.75以上的有效系数证实了A.P.J.DE ROO模型模拟的可靠性。(2)近18年截留量和截留率整体呈上升趋势,截留率在2015年发生逆转,由增(0.08%/a)向减(-0.15%/a)转变。(3)秦巴山地冠层截留总体上呈西部高山区和东北部边缘低,秦岭和大巴山区高的空间格局,其随海拔上升呈现“上升-稳定-下降”的分布特征;空间变化以上升趋势为主,显著下降的区域主要分布在汉江河谷的中心;低海拔区域变化差异较大,中海拔区域以显著增加为主,高海拔区域无显著变化。(4)叶面积指数和降雨量是影响冠层截留的主要因子,约束关系分别为正线型和正凸型;阔叶林截留率与小降雨事件的相关性高,针叶林、灌丛截留率与强降雨事件相关性较强,气候因子对冠层截留的影响在类别和解释程度上存在空间差异。研究可为区域尺度冠层截留的估测提供思路,且有助于评估气候变化背景下生态系统对水循环的影响。

边远山区开展航空医疗救护的实践探索

山区航空医疗救护具有快速、高效等优势,对于山区意外事故、自然灾害等紧急情况的处理具有重要意义。总结攀钢集团总医院航空医疗救护案例的数据和特点,探讨在交通不便的边远山区开展航空医疗救护的必要性、可行性和难点。根据攀枝花市及周边山区院前急救现状,实现跨区域协同、跨部门联动的空地一体化航空医疗应急救护体系建设,为合理配置航空医疗救护资源提供依据,使农村和边远山区的居民真正享受到基本的院前急救医疗服务。

西秦岭夏河-合作地区断裂构造分形结构特征及成矿预测

西秦岭夏河-合作地区是中国重要的金矿及多金属矿床开发地带,区内断裂构造复杂,构造控矿作用显著。文章利用分形理论方法对夏河-合作地区不同方向断裂构造作定量分析,统计计算断裂构造容量维和信息维,结合矿床空间分布分形特征和矿床Fry分析,探讨研究区构造分形特征及断裂与矿床的空间展布关系。研究结果表明,研究区全部断裂容量维1.2374,北东向断裂容量维0.8229,北西向断裂容量维1.2296,近东西向断裂容量维1.0312,全部断裂容量和北西向断裂容量维处于断裂分形临界值(1.22~1.38)区域,显示研究区断裂构造连通性较好。研究区全部断裂信息维1.1118,北东向断裂信息维1.018,北西向断裂信息维1.2296,近东西向断裂信息维1.0217,北西向断裂信息维处于断裂分形临界值区域,反映北西向对矿床的控制最强。断裂构造分形维数可以表征矿床的沉积部位,以容量维、信息维等值线图以及Fry图划分出3个有利成矿区。

2001—2020年武陵山区生态质量评价与驱动力分析

基于Google Earth Engine平台和MODIS数据,利用集成绿度、湿度、热度和干度的遥感生态指数(RSEI)评价武陵山区生态质量,并运用多种空间分析方法,对该区2001—2020年的生态质量进行了时空变化和驱动力分析。结果表明:武陵山区RSEI多年均值是0.65,生态质量较好,其空间分布大致呈现“北部高、中西部和东南部低”的格局,大多数区域的生态条件改善,空间变化趋势总体表现为增加;空间分布模式具有一定的集聚特性,北部、中东部和南部高—高聚集,中西部和东南部低—低聚集;武陵山区生态质量具有明显的垂直分异特征,随着高程和坡度的增加先趋向好后趋向差,与气温和降水均主要表现为正相关关系;各自然因子对生态质量空间分布的解释力差异显著,其中气温是第一主导因素,双因子的交互作用均大于单一因子的作用;人为因子表现为土地利用变化,耕地向林地的转换是武陵山区生态质量整体提高的重要原因。

丘陵山区果园单轨遥控自走式弥雾机设计与试验

针对丘陵山区地形复杂导致我国地面植保喷雾机械入地难、植保效果差等问题,设计了一种丘陵果园单轨遥控自走式弥雾机,采用轨道设计与弥雾机械相结合的方式,通过理论分析与计算,对控制系统、运输轨道系统和风送喷雾系统进行了设计与选型。田间试验结果表明,该轨道弥雾机行驶速度0.7 m/s、最大爬坡度40°、最大遥控距离200 m;整机最小离地间隙600 mm;苹果树内部枝叶正、反面药液覆盖率分别为43.20%和21.80%,苹果树外部枝叶正、反面药液覆盖率分别为72.26%和35.12%。该轨道弥雾机整机运行平稳、安全可靠、遥控信号稳定及植保作业效率高,可为我国丘陵山区复杂地形植保作业机械设计制造提供借鉴与参考。

基于Landsat时间序列数据的火烧迹地识别与恢复效果评价

为研究大兴安岭地区火烧迹地识别和火后植被恢复状况,基于2006—2020年Landsat TM遥感影像,利用Google Earth Engine编写代码,以2006年大兴安岭地区松岭区那源林场森林火灾为研究背景,以差分归一化燃烧指数(dNBR)为基础数据进行火烧迹地识别,并对火烧烈度进行轻度、中度、重度和极重的等级划分;基于火烧迹地的增强型植被指数(EVI)值,采用一元线性回归分析、用于气候诊断与预测的Mann-Kendall突变检验法和用于做趋势分析的Theil-Sen median趋势分析等方法分析火烧迹地2006—2020年的植被恢复特征,探究大兴安岭地区火烧迹地植被恢复进程。结果表明,1)基于dNBR得到研究区过火面积为2488.7 hm^(2),其中轻度、中度、重度和极重火烧迹地面积占比分别为23.5%、9.6%、35.2%和31.7%,重度和极重过火区分布于火烧迹地西部和东部,过火强度从中部向南部和北部逐渐降低,其EVI值与火烧前相比分别下降了约30%、40%、58%和67%;2)不同烈度林地火烧迹地EVI恢复速率由大到小表现为极重、重度、中度、轻度,植被恢复过程中,迹地EVI值逐渐增加,其中,轻度和中度火烧迹地可在火后6~8 a恢复,而重度火烧迹地的恢复则需14 a;3)火烧迹地恢复过程中,林地EVI突变点较灌草地少,说明森林生态系统较灌草地稳定性强。不同烈度林地火烧迹地的突变情况也存在一定差异,且对照区的突变时间点滞后于火烧迹地。

基于遥感资料的莲花山矿区生态修复效果评估

植被覆盖度和植被净第一生产力是评价矿区开采后生态修复效果的重要指标。使用高分一号2014—2023年的遥感影像,以汕头市澄海区莲花山钨矿矿区为研究对象,对矿区内的植被覆盖度进行长时间序列分析,并通过使用气温、降水、太阳辐射通量等气象因子计算矿区内的植被净第一生产力。结果表明,2014—2023年,矿区内的FVC呈现波动上升态势,除了2015年、2018年和2021年有所下降以外,平均FVC由2014年的0.26上升到2023年的0.34。矿区内的NPP由2017年的385.01 gC/(m^(2)·a)增加到2023年的557.73 gC/(m^(2)·a)。NPP除了和植被覆盖度FVC相关,还和气温、降水、太阳入射辐射量等气象因子有关。综合来看,自2014年以来,矿区植被恢复取得了良好的效果。

皖西大别山区近20年农作物生产结构变化特征及影响因素分析

以皖西大别山主要农业区六安市为研究区,通过安徽省统计年鉴收集并整理了近20年(2000—2021年)农业生产数据,明确主要农作物类型,分析了耕地面积、种植面积和产量在近20年的变化特征和影响因素。结果显示:(1)近20年粮食作物生产总体变化平缓,仍以稻谷和小麦为主,二者此消彼长。而玉米产量增长较快,逐渐居于第三位次;(2)经济作物生产尽管以蔬菜和油料为主,但随着油料作物产量和种植面积的持续下降,逐渐形成了“蔬菜主导、药材和茶叶地位不断提升”的格局;(3)区域农作物生产结构逐渐从以“粮食作物生产”为主转向“经济作物与粮食作物并重”的发展方向;(4)皖西大别山区近20年农作物结构变化主要受气温变化、受灾面积、机械化水平、政策和人口因素影响。研究结果可为区域农业生态高效发展及相关政策的制定提供一定的理论依据。

基于GIS和遥感技术的贵州喀斯特山区水利工程的影响研究

针对现有监测技术在贵州喀斯特山区水利工程监测评价中存在片面等问题,研究基于地理信息系统与遥感技术,提出遥感生态指数模型,并应用于黔中水利工程分析中。结果显示,整体上遥感生态指数因子呈先减后增的趋势,基本符合实际情况;2005-2020年全局莫兰指数整体呈先降后增的趋势,最高为0.727,呈聚集形式。总体上,贵州喀斯特山区水利工程改善了生态环境,表明研究模型具备有效性,可以应用在实际水利工程影响分析中。

典型喀斯特山区的森林蓄积量遥感估算

[目的]通过森林蓄积量的遥感监测了解喀斯特地区森林生态系统的健康状况和生态功能,为该地区碳汇监测与评估以及森林管理与决策提供理论依据。[方法]本研究选取典型喀斯特山区为研究对象,基于Sentinel-2A影像和样地调查数据,结合随机森林(RF)、K近邻回归(KNN)和BP神经网络3种机器学习模型,在山地坡度条件约束下开展森林蓄积量反演研究。[结果]①单波段反射率、植被指数和纹理特征等遥感因子在不同地形约束条件下的表现不同,建立模型的最优子集均不同,不同立地条件下建立蓄积量估测模型均有差异。②在喀斯特山区森林蓄积量估算中,RF相比KNN和BP模型鲁棒性和适应性最强。在缓坡、斜坡、陡坡立地条件下,RF模型精度分别达到80.1%,79.0%,80.5%。[结论]喀斯特山区空间异质性强,不同坡度立地条件下参与蓄积量遥感估测的建模自变量因子均不相同。坡度的划分可以细化复杂场景遥感估算模型,提高蓄积量遥感估算精度。

电动遥控茶园管理机设计与试验

针对目前贵州省茶园管护机具以手扶式为主,且农村劳动力短缺的现状,结合尾气排放对茶叶会产生一定的影响,为进一步解决好丘陵山区茶园机械化管护问题,设计一种电动遥控茶园管理机。通过对机具的行走传动系统、作业传动系统、齿轮等关键部件及遥控控制电路进行设计,并配套设计旋耕、开沟、除草模块,各模块之间可方便拆卸。使用Solidworks Simulation对机具的传动齿轮、悬臂轴等进行仿真分析,并进一步对样机的作业性能进行检测。试验表明,该机具目前能够进行旋耕和开沟模块的快速更换,旋耕作业深度为15.3 cm,开沟作业深度为20.7 cm,遥控距离大于200 m,初步实现“一个动力平台+N个作业模块”的作业模式。

西南山区巨型古滑坡体发育演化特征与城镇空间扩张关联机制分析

巨型古滑坡体的变形复活是我国西南山区城镇发展面临的主要威胁之一,本文以云南省大关县城古滑坡为例,采用机载LiDAR航测、InSAR监测、多期次光学影像对比解译以及野外调查等技术手段,开展了古滑坡体发育演化特征与稳定性现状研究,并详细分析了该古滑坡体演化特征与城镇空间扩张特征的关联机制。结果表明:大关县城古滑坡体具有明显的分级分期次运动演化迹象,现有滑坡地貌形态并非在一次运动过程上形成;古滑坡目前整体处于稳定状态,部分区域受人类工程活动或强降雨影响,存在多处中小规模次级滑坡局部复活迹象;1970年至2022年,大关县城城区面积扩大了7.56倍,受城镇空间扩张影响,该古滑坡体表部的5处新滑坡和6处复活次级滑坡分布于居民地扩展区和道路开挖区域附近,建房切坡和修路开挖是影响大关县城古滑坡稳定性的主要因素。在我国西部山区城镇建设和开发过程中,应密切关注人类工程活动对斜坡稳定性的影响。