Electrochemical methods have been widely used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, which require accurate concentration measurements, chemical reaction detections and analyses. The electrochemical potentiost...Electrochemical methods have been widely used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, which require accurate concentration measurements, chemical reaction detections and analyses. The electrochemical potentiostat, the core element in electrochemical instruments, have been discussed as a hot topic addressing the difficulty of applying high-precision constant voltage and picoampere current measurements. Meanwhile, reliable potentiostats are in demand for complicated industrial environments with noises as well as requirements of remotemonitors. This paper describes a potentiostat for industrial glucose measurement that is not only accurate but also fault tolerant to guarantee high reliability in industrial environments. The instrument uses standard industrial communication protocols, proflbus, and a 4-20 mA current loop, for remote control and monitoring. Experimental results show that this design has 0.01% accuracy with 1 mV resolution for voltage applications and 0.01% accuracy with 1 pA resolution for current measurements. The design is also shown to be highly reliable in noisy environments.展开更多
BACKGROUND Laminopathies are rare diseases,whose cardiac manifestations are heterogeneous and,especially in their initial stage,similar to those of more common conditions,such as ischemic heart disease.Early diagnosis...BACKGROUND Laminopathies are rare diseases,whose cardiac manifestations are heterogeneous and,especially in their initial stage,similar to those of more common conditions,such as ischemic heart disease.Early diagnosis is essential,as these conditions can first manifest themselves with sudden cardiac death.Electrical complications usually appear before structural complications;therefore,it is important to take into consideration these rare genetic disorders for the differential diagnosis of brady and tachyarrhythmias,even when left ventricle systolic function is still preserved.CASE SUMMARY A 60-year-old man,without history of previous disorders,presented in September 2019 to the emergency department because of the onset of syncope associated with hypotension.The patient was diagnosed with a high-grade atrioventricular block.A dual chamber pacemaker was implanted,but after the onset of a sustained ventricular tachycardia during physical exertion,a drug eluting stent was implanted on an intermediate stenosis on the left anterior descending artery,which had previously been considered non-haemodynamically significant.During the follow-up,the treating cardiologist,suspicious of the overall clinical picture,recommended a genetic test for the diagnosis of cardiomyopathies,which tested positive for a pathogenetic mutation of the lamin A/C gene.While awaiting the result of the genetic test and,later,the pacemaker to be upgraded to a biventricular defibrillator,a remote monitoring device was given to the patient in 2019-related lockdown.CONCLUSIONThis case aims to raise awareness of the cardiological manifestations of laminopathies,which can be dangerously misdiagnosed as other, more common conditions.展开更多
文摘Electrochemical methods have been widely used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, which require accurate concentration measurements, chemical reaction detections and analyses. The electrochemical potentiostat, the core element in electrochemical instruments, have been discussed as a hot topic addressing the difficulty of applying high-precision constant voltage and picoampere current measurements. Meanwhile, reliable potentiostats are in demand for complicated industrial environments with noises as well as requirements of remotemonitors. This paper describes a potentiostat for industrial glucose measurement that is not only accurate but also fault tolerant to guarantee high reliability in industrial environments. The instrument uses standard industrial communication protocols, proflbus, and a 4-20 mA current loop, for remote control and monitoring. Experimental results show that this design has 0.01% accuracy with 1 mV resolution for voltage applications and 0.01% accuracy with 1 pA resolution for current measurements. The design is also shown to be highly reliable in noisy environments.
文摘BACKGROUND Laminopathies are rare diseases,whose cardiac manifestations are heterogeneous and,especially in their initial stage,similar to those of more common conditions,such as ischemic heart disease.Early diagnosis is essential,as these conditions can first manifest themselves with sudden cardiac death.Electrical complications usually appear before structural complications;therefore,it is important to take into consideration these rare genetic disorders for the differential diagnosis of brady and tachyarrhythmias,even when left ventricle systolic function is still preserved.CASE SUMMARY A 60-year-old man,without history of previous disorders,presented in September 2019 to the emergency department because of the onset of syncope associated with hypotension.The patient was diagnosed with a high-grade atrioventricular block.A dual chamber pacemaker was implanted,but after the onset of a sustained ventricular tachycardia during physical exertion,a drug eluting stent was implanted on an intermediate stenosis on the left anterior descending artery,which had previously been considered non-haemodynamically significant.During the follow-up,the treating cardiologist,suspicious of the overall clinical picture,recommended a genetic test for the diagnosis of cardiomyopathies,which tested positive for a pathogenetic mutation of the lamin A/C gene.While awaiting the result of the genetic test and,later,the pacemaker to be upgraded to a biventricular defibrillator,a remote monitoring device was given to the patient in 2019-related lockdown.CONCLUSIONThis case aims to raise awareness of the cardiological manifestations of laminopathies,which can be dangerously misdiagnosed as other, more common conditions.
