Hierarchical Reduced Graphene Oxide-MnO_(2)@Polypyrrole Coaxial Nanotube Composite Hydrogel as a Potential Adsorbent for Cr(Ⅵ)Removal

A hierarchical reduced graphene oxide-MnO_(2)@polypyrrole coaxial nanotube composite hydrogel was prepared via oxidative polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of MnO_(2)nanotubes,followed by the hydrothermal treatment of graphene oxide and MnO_(2)@polypyrrole coaxial nanotubes.The stable composite hydrogel with a hierarchical network was composed of one-dimensional MnO_(2)@polypyrrole coaxial nanotube and two-dimensional graphene nanosheet and characterized by scanning electron microscope,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements.The composite hydrogel can be used as an efficient adsorbent for Cr(Ⅵ)removal due to the synergistic interaction between graphene and MnO_(2)@polypyrrole and the hierarchical structure of the hydrogel.Moreover,the composite hydrogel is easily separated because of its stable monolith,and it is reusable(76.8%of removal ability remaining after five adsorption-desorption cycles).The simple fabrication and cost-effective separation process together with the excellent absorption performance endow the composite hydrogel with great potential for practical wastewater treatment.

TiO2-PES Fibrous Composite Material for Ammonia Removal Using UV-A Photocatalyst

This study focused on the development and characterization of TiO2-PES composite fibers with varying TiO2 loading amounts using a phase inversion process. The resulting composite fibers exhibited a sponge-like structure with embedded TiO2 nanoparticles within a polymer matrix. Their photocatalytic performance for ammonia removal from aqueous solutions under UV-A light exposure was thoroughly investigated. The findings revealed that PeTi8 composite fibers displayed superior adsorption capacity compared to other samples. Moreover, the study explored the impact of pH, light intensity, and catalyst dosage on the photocatalytic degradation of ammonia. Adsorption equilibrium isotherms closely followed the Langmuir model, with the results indicating a correlation between qm values of 2.49 mg/g and the porous structure of the adsorbents. The research underscored the efficacy of TiO2 composite fibers in the photocatalytic removal of aqueous under UV-A light. Notably, increasing the distance between the photocatalyst and the light source resulted in de-creased hydroxyl radical concentration, influencing photocatalytic efficiency. These findings contribute to our understanding of TiO2 composite fibers as promising photocatalysts for ammonia removal in water treatment applications.

电厂粉煤灰、炉渣和污泥复合陶粒对低浓度Pb^(2+)的吸附特性

针对重金属污染具有来源广、危害大等特点,通过以电厂废物(粉煤灰、炉渣)和脱水污泥为原料制备一种高效且价廉的陶粒吸附剂,采用吸附影响因素实验、解吸再生实验、吸附动力学模型和等温吸附模型的拟合以及陶粒表征分析,探究陶粒对Pb^(2+)的吸附特性,同时为实现废物资源化利用提供新思路.结果表明:陶粒去除Pb^(2+)的较佳吸附条件为粒径4 mm、pH 4.5~5.0、吸附时间360 min、吸附温度25℃.陶粒再生所用较佳解吸剂为0.5 mol/L的HCl溶液,较佳解吸时间和次数分别为120 min和5次,解吸5次后陶粒对Pb^(2+)的去除率为92.67%.此吸附过程更好地遵循了准二级动力学模型和Freundlich等温吸附模型.陶粒上的O-H、Si-O和金属氧化键在吸附Pb^(2+)的过程中起主要作用.陶粒吸附Pb^(2+)后,出现了新的物相Pb_(2)Cl_(3)OH和PbO,陶粒与Pb^(2+)之间发生化学吸附,为自发进行的放热反应.陶粒处理实际废水中Pb^(2+)的去除率可达93.70%,Pb^(2+)浓度由3.74 mg/L降至0.24 mg/L.研究显示,电厂粉煤灰、炉渣和污泥复合陶粒对Pb^(2+)具有一定的去除效果,可为以固体废物为原料制备的吸附剂在重金属废水处理应用中提供数据支撑.

磁性三乙烯四胺/单宁树脂对Cu^(2+)、Pb^(2+)的吸附性能研究

利用曼尼希反应将三乙烯四胺(TETA)固化到单宁(TA)基体表面,热溶剂法制得磁性单宁基树脂(MTETA-TA)。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、比表面积及孔隙度分析仪、振动样品磁强计对M-TETA-TA进行表征,表明M-TETA-TA具有疏水性强、比表面积大的优势,Fe_(3)O_(4)的成功引入有效解决吸附剂回收难的问题。对含Cu^(^(2+))、Pb^(2+)废水溶液进行了静态吸附实验,探讨了其对金属的吸附性能。在pH为5的酸性条件下,吸附效果较好;Cu^(^(2+))和Pb^(2+)吸附动力学均符合准二级反应动力学模型,主要为化学吸附;Cu^(^(2+))的吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,属单层吸附,理论吸附最大值为173.33 mg·g^(-1);Pb^(2+)的吸附等温线符合Sips模型,属多层吸附,理论吸附最大值为217.14 mg·g^(-1)。推测M-TETA-TA对Pb^(2+)的吸附除了螯合、氧化还原等化学反应,还存在静电和离子交换作用,氨基和酚羟基为主要参与官能团。循环再生5次后,仍有较高的吸附性能和磁性强度。

玉米秸秆复合高吸水树脂的制备及对Pb^(2+)的吸附研究

以来源丰富的玉米秸秆、高岭土为原料,以丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺为聚合单体,通过水溶液聚合法制备了复合高吸水树脂,并用红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对其结构进行了表征分析。利用合成的复合高吸水树脂对含Pb^(2+)模拟废水进行了吸附研究,考察了复合高吸水树脂用量、Pb^(2+)初始浓度、吸附时间和溶液pH及对Pb^(2+)去除率的影响,最优条件下复合高吸水树脂对Pb^(2+)的去除率达88.57%,吸附Pb^(2+)后的复合高吸水树脂经处理后可循环使用。

碳化处理对再生微粉吸附Pb^(2+)行为与机理的影响

随着工业的发展,大量含铅废弃物被排放到环境中,给水体带来了严重的污染。本研究采用经碳化处理的再生混凝土微粉(CRCF)作为吸附剂,针对硝酸铅配制的铅污染溶液开展吸附试验,并测试分析了吸附剂的物相、微观结构和稳定性。研究表明,CRCF对Pb^(2+)具有良好的吸附效果,24 h后可达到93.1%(质量分数,下同)的去除率;CRCF对Pb^(2+)的吸附稳定性较高,吸附后仅有极少量的Pb^(2+)浸出;吸附反应中,Pb^(2+)静电吸附在CRCF表面,与CRCF发生离子交换并在表面形成碳酸盐沉淀,最终主要以碳酸盐的形式固定在CRCF中;CRCF可作为一种低成本的Pb^(2+)高效吸附剂,可有效应用于含铅废水的治理,实现废物资源化再利用。

Pb^(2+)对掺杂硼硅酸盐玻璃中CsPbBr_(3)钙钛矿量子点发光性能的影响

硼硅酸盐玻璃包覆钙钛矿CsPbBr_(3)量子点(PQDs@glass)能够大幅提高PQDs的稳定性,使其在LED照明和显示技术中拥有广泛的应用空间。然而,玻璃包覆的同时也导致了PQDs发光强度与量子产率降低。本工作为提高其发光强度探讨了热诱导温度及Pb^(2+)的含量对PQDs@glass结构的影响,当热诱导温度为460℃,Pb^(2+)浓度为6 mol时,其发光强度最高。研究发现,Pb^(2+)浓度的增加会导致玻璃网状结构的致密化,改变玻璃组分的扩散行为,影响PQDs的析晶过程,导致PQDs@glass发光强度的变化。本工作得到量子产率高达95.6%的PQDs@glass,并实现了硼硅酸盐玻璃基质内PQDs的尺寸可控制备。结果表明,PQDs尺寸分布在10 nm左右,超过86%的颗粒尺寸在6~14 nm内,且具有优越的稳定性,经历10次室温至200℃热循环后,发光强度仍能保持初始强度的98.9%。最后,为了验证其在LED照明及显示领域的应用,将制备的量子点微晶玻璃粉料与二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)混合,得到的LED器件性能优异,色域范围覆盖110%sRGB。本研究为PQDs@glass的大规模制备及其在LED器件领域的应用奠定了基础。

酸改性污泥基复合陶粒对Pb^(2+)的吸附性能研究

以污泥、磷尾矿和赤泥为原料制备陶粒,用盐酸、硝酸和柠檬酸进行改性,研究陶粒对水中Pb^(2+)的吸附效果,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、表面基团、零电荷点(pHPZC)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)分析陶粒对Pb^(2+)的吸附机理。结果表明,低浓度盐酸或硝酸改性陶粒对Pb^(2+)的去除率更好,柠檬酸改性陶粒对Pb^(2+)的去除率低于未改性陶粒。酸改性陶粒具有比表面积大、孔隙结构发达、酸性基团含量多、等电点低等特点,对Pb^(2+)的吸附同时存在物理吸附和化学吸附过程,可用作含Pb^(2+)废水的处理材料。

Pb^(2+)的检测及去除方法研究进展

近年来铅污染问题日益加重,需要高效、准确、快速的Pb^(2+)检测方法。总结了Pb^(2+)的危害及原子吸收光谱法、高分辨率连续源石墨炉原子吸收光谱法、紫外可见分光光谱法、电化学分析法等检测技术,并对其优缺点进行了简要说明。同时介绍了Pb^(2+)的去除方法及其实际应用,最后对该领域的发展前景进行了展望。

Fe_(3)O_(4)掺杂改性电极电化学去除Pb^(2+)的效能研究

为了实现水体中Pb^(2+)的高效电化学去除,采用涂覆法将Fe_(3)O_(4)、粉末活性炭、乙炔黑和聚乙烯醇混合后负载于石墨纸上,制备得到了Fe_(3)O_(4)掺杂改性电极。采用差分柱批式反应器模式进行电化学去除Pb^(2+)实验,考察了电压、温度、运行时间、Pb^(2+)质量浓度对去除Pb^(2+)的影响并评估了电极的重复利用性和稳定性。结果表明,所制备的电极表面孔隙丰富,孔径均匀。电压为1.4 V时,运行150 min后电化学体系对Pb^(2+)的去除率达到了98.73%,延长运行时间可以显著强化Pb^(2+)的去除率。在10~35℃的温度范围内,温度升高有利于Pb^(2+)的电化学去除,电化学体系在不同的Pb^(2+)浓度下均有较好的适用性和适应性,随着Pb^(2+)初始浓度的升高,处理单位体积含Pb^(2+)废水的能耗逐渐增加,但去除单位质量Pb^(2+)的能耗反而降低,拟合结果表明Pb^(2+)的去除过程符合准一级动力学。经过8次循环后,电化学体系仍保持原有的Pb^(2+)去除效果。

基于发夹DNA动态自组装树枝状聚合物放大策略的荧光传感体系测定水中Pb^(2+)的含量

基于GR-5脱氧核酶(GR-5 DNAzyme)对Pb^(2+)的特异性识别和发夹DNA动态自组装树枝状聚合物信号放大策略,构建了一种新型无酶、高灵敏检测Pb^(2+)的荧光传感体系。分别于95℃恒温孵育合成序列扩展GR-5 DNAzyme复合物(GR-5E-S,由GR-5 DNAzyme酶链GR-5E和底物链GR-5S合成)以及Y型骨架(由骨架链Y1、Y2、Y3合成),于25℃恒温孵育合成发夹三聚体(由Y型骨架和发夹链H1、H2、H3合成,其中发夹链H1上修饰有荧光团和猝灭团)。将水样4μL添加到96μL含400 nmol·L^(-1)GR-5E-S,400 nmol·L^(-1)发夹三聚体的反应溶液中,于25℃孵育40 min。当水样中存在Pb^(2+)时,GR-5E-S识别Pb^(2+),底物链被切割,酶链和底物链分开并释放出目标链T,目标链T与发夹链H1杂交触发动态自组装过程,生成树枝状聚合物,于520 nm处测量荧光强度。结果显示:建立的荧光传感体系可在40 min内完成检测;Pb^(2+)的浓度在0.1~10.0 nmol·L^(-1)内与对应的传感体系的荧光强度呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为19 pmol·L^(-1);按照标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为98.0%~108%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)不大于15%。

香草醛取代的苝酰亚胺荧光探针的制备及对Pb^(2+)的识别

将苝酰亚胺衍生物作为荧光团,以苝四酸酐和香草醛为原料,设计并合成了一种高效、有特定反应性能的新型苝酰亚胺类Pb^(2+)荧光探针N,N-双香草醛基-1,6,7,12-四氯-3,4:9,10-苝二酰亚胺(PDI-VBD)。通过质谱、核磁等检测手段对探针分子PDI-VBD的结构进行表征,利用紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱法探究了探针PDI-VBD对Pb^(2+)的荧光识别性能。光谱分析研究结果显示,在NMP/H2O溶液体系中,探针分子PDI-VBD对Pb^(2+)显示出较强的选择性识别能力和较高的灵敏度,即苝酰亚胺衍生物PDI-VBD自身的荧光较弱,但与Pb^(2+)结合之后,生成了具有较强荧光的配位化合物。金属离子共存实验证明此荧光探针对Pb^(2+)选择性高,且不受其他金属离子干扰。结果表明,香草醛取代的苝酰亚胺衍生物PDI-VBD是一种新型Pb^(2+)荧光探针,选择性好、灵敏度高,可用于实际水样、食品及环境中重金属Pb^(2+)的检测。

重金属Pb^(2+)对早熟禾种子萌发的影响

[目的]探究重金属铅对早熟禾种子萌发的影响。[方法]用不同浓度Pb^(2+)(20、40、60、80 mg/L)处理早熟禾种子,测定Pb2+对早熟禾种子萌发、叶绿素以及生根等指标的影响。[结果]随着Pb2+浓度的增加,草籽的萌发率、发芽指数降低,但降低趋势不明显。逐日萌发率在第3天出现高峰,早熟禾的根茎长度呈下降趋势。叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量降低明显,类胡萝卜素含量在Pb^(2+)浓度80 mg/L时增加。[结论]早熟禾种子的萌发率在Pb^(2+)浓度20~80 mg/L范围内受影响较小,而叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量以及幼苗根茎的生长受到一定的抑制。

姜黄素修饰CNC传感器与水凝胶制备及其检测和去除Pb^(2+)的研究

本研究利用EDC/NHS耦合法将姜黄素(Cur)接枝于羧基化纤维素纳米晶体(CCNC),制备纳米纤维素接枝姜黄素(CCNC-Cur)传感器和CCNC-Cur复合海藻酸钠(CCNC-Cur-SA)水凝胶吸附剂,用于检测和去除Pb^(2+)。结果表明,CCNC-Cur传感器可特异性吸附Pb2+,利用Image J软件对传感器的颜色深度进行数字化处理后,得到Pb^(2+)的检出限为6.25 mg/L;在静态吸附实验的优化条件下(吸附时间105 min、pH值=5、吸附剂用量0.08 g),CCNC-Cur-SA水凝胶对Pb2+的吸附量达98.3 mg/g。

无机-有机复合材料沸石@聚丙烯酰胺的制备及对Pb^(2+)的吸附研究

重金属污染会引起严峻的环境问题。因此,必须对重金属离子进行测定,但由于重金属离子的含量低并受基体效应影响,检测前需要先将其分离富集。利用一锅法制备沸石@聚丙烯酰胺复合材料,将其作为分离富集材料,结合火焰原子吸收光谱仪,研究对Pb^(2+)的吸附性能。为了得到最佳的吸附性能,对制备条件中的沸石用量进行了优化,并对优化后的复合材料进行了扫描电镜、热重分析和比表面积表征。利用单一变量法,对固相萃取条件中的溶液pH值和振荡时间进行了优化。研究了复合材料在吸附Pb^(2+)过程中的动力学模型、等温线模型和热力学参数。结果表明:在沸石用量为333 mg/g,溶液pH值为5和振荡时间为80 min时,复合材料的吸附效率最佳;沸石@聚丙烯酰胺复合材料吸附Pb^(2+)的过程符合二级动力学和Freundlich模型,且在298.15 K时,热力学参数ΔH=15614.18 J/mol、ΔS=65.2 J/(mol·K)、ΔG=-1878.059 J/mol,是一个吸热且熵增的自发过程;此外,复合材料经过连续三次吸附和解吸实验,对Pb^(2+)的吸附量基本不变,且解吸率保持在89.7%以上,说明沸石@聚丙烯酰胺复合材料具有较好的再生性能。

锌有机骨架材料的合成及对水中Pb^(2+)的萃取性能研究

采用溶剂热法,利用5,11,17,23-四叔丁基-25,26,27,28-四羧基杯[4]芳烃、2,2′-联吡啶和六水合硝酸锌反应制备了一种锌的有机骨架材料(Zn-MOF),并对这种材料从溶液pH值、时间以及Pb^(2+)的初始浓度方面研究了其对Pb^(2+)萃取性能的影响。结果表明,在pH值为4~7范围内,Zn-MOF对Pb^(2+)的萃取效率均能达到99%。且能在20 min内对Pb^(2+)萃取达到平衡。随着Pb^(2+)初始浓度增大,Zn-MOF对Pb^(2+)的萃取容量增大,最大萃取量为243.57 mg·g^(-1)。同时,Zn-MOF对Pb^(2+)的萃取符合Langmuir等温模型和准二级动力学模型。

Highly Selective Electrocatalytic CuEDTA Reduction by MoS_(2) Nanosheets for Efficient Pollutant Removal and Simultaneous Electric Power Output

Electrocatalytic reduction of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid copper(CuEDTA),a typical refractory heavy metal complexation pollutant,is an environmental benign method that operates at mild condition.Unfortunately,the selective reduction of CuEDTA is still a big challenge in cathodic process.In this work,we report a MoS_(2) nanosheet/graphite felt(GF)cathode,which achieves an average Faraday efficiency of 29.6%and specific removal rate(SRR)of 0.042 mol/cm^(2)/h for CuEDTA at−0.65 V vs SCE(saturated calomel electrode),both of which are much higher than those of the commonly reported electrooxidation technology-based removal systems.Moreover,a proofof-concept CuEDTA/Zn battery with Zn anode and MoS_(2)/GF cathode is demonstrated,which has bifunctions of simultaneous CuEDTA removal and energy output.This is one of the pioneer studies on the electrocatalytic reduction of heavy metal complex and CuEDTA/Zn battery,which brings new insights in developing efficient electrocatalytic reduction system for pollution control and energy output.

Controllably partial removal of thiolate ligands from unsupported Au_(25) nanoclusters by rapid thermal treatments for electrochemical CO_(2)reduction

Colloidal synthesis of metal nanoclusters will inevitably lead to the blockage of catalytically active sites by organic ligands.Here,taking[Au_(25)(PET)_(18)]-(PET=2-phenylethanethiol)nanocluster as a model catalyst,this work reports a feasible procedure to achieve the controllably partial removal of thiolate ligands from unsupported[Au_(25)(PET)_(18)]-nanoclusters with the preservation of the core structure.This procedure shortens the processing duration by rapid heating and cooling on the basis of traditional annealing treatment,avoiding the reconfiguration or agglomeration of Au_(25)nanoclusters,where the degree of dethiolation can be regulated by the control of duration.This work finds that a moderate degree of dethiolation can expose the Au active sites while maintaining the suppression of the competing hydrogen evolution reaction.Consequently,the activity and selectivity towards CO formation in electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction of Au_(25)nanoclusters can be promoted.This work provides a new approach for the removal of thiolate ligands from atomically precise gold nanoclusters.

Removal of Pb^(2+) and Cd^(2+) by adsorption on clay-solidified grouting curtain for waste landfills

Pb2+ and Cd2+ in leachate were adsorbed on clay-solidified grouting curtain for waste landfills with equilibrium experiment. The cation exchange capacity was determined with ammonium acetate. And the concentration of heavy metal cations in leachate was determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Their equilibrium isotherms were measured, and the experimental isotherm data were analyzed by using Freundlich and Langmuir models. The results show that the adsorption capacities of the heavy metal cations are closely related to the compositions of clay-solidified grouting curtain, and the maximum adsorption appears at the ratio of cement to clay of 2∶4 in the experimental conditions. At their maximum adsorption and pH 5.0, the adsorption capacities of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ are 16.19mg/g and 1.21mg/g. The competitive adsorption coefficients indicate that the adsorption of clay-solidified grouting curtain for Pb2+ is stronger than that for Cd 2+ . The adsorption process conforms to Freundlich’s model with related coefficient higher than 0.996.

Absorption performance of DMSA modified Fe_3O_4@SiO_2 core/shell magnetic nanocomposite for Pb^(2+) removal

The purpose of this study is to explore the adsorption performance of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA)modified Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanocomposite(Fe3O4@SiO2@DMSA)for Pb2+ions removal from aqueous solutions.The effects of solution pH,initial concentration of Pb2+ions,contact time,and temperature on the amount of Pb2+adsorbed were investigated.Adsorption isotherms,adsorption kinetics,and thermodynamic analysis were also studied.The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of the Fe3O4@SiO2@DMSA composite is 50.5 mg/g at 298 K,which is higher than that of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles.The adsorption process agreed well with Langmuir adsorption isotherm models and pseudo second-order kinetics.The thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption was spontaneous,endothermic and energetically driven in nature.