Simultaneous Compression of the Celiac Trunk, Superior Mesenteric Artery, and Renal Arteries by the Median Arcuate Ligament: About One Case

Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS), is a rare abdominal vascular compression syndrome caused by the compression of the proximal celiac trunk by the median arcuate ligament. According to many authors, a low insertion of the diaphragmatic crura or an abnormally high origin of the celiac trunk from the aorta can cause compression of the celiac artery. Usually, patients with MALS are asymptomatic. Computed tomography (CT) angiography of the abdomen is the main imaging modality to confirm the diagnosis. The coexistence of celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery compression by the median arcuate ligament is rarely described in the literature. To our knowledge, until now, a simultaneous combination of three abdominal vascular compressions by the median arcuate ligament has never been described. From this case, we report a simultaneous compression of the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and renal arteries by the median arcuate ligament.

Multislice computed tomography angiography in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease

Multislice CT angiography represents one of the most exciting technological revolutions in cardiac imaging and it has been increasingly used in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Rapid improvements in multislice CT scanners over the last decade have allowed this technique to become a potentially effective alternative to invasive coronary angiography in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. High diagnostic value has been achieved with multislice CT angiography with use of 64- and more slice CT scanners. In addition, multislice CT angiography shows accurate detection and analysis of coronary calcium, characterization of coronary plaques, as well as prediction of the disease progression and major cardiac events. Thus, patients can benefit from multislice CT angiography that provides a rapid and accurate diagnosis while avoiding unnecessary invasive coronary angiography procedures. The aim of this article is present an overview of the clinical applications of multislice CT angiography in coronary artery disease with a focus on the diagnostic accuracy of coronary artery disease; prognostic value of coronary artery disease with regard to the prediction of major cardiac events; detection and quantification of coronary calcium and characterization of coronary plaques. Limitations of multislice CT angiography in coronary artery disease are also briefly discussed, and future directions are highlighted.

Machine learning for diagnosis of coronary artery disease in computed tomography angiography:A survey

Coronary artery disease(CAD)has become a major illness endangering human health.It mainly manifests as atherosclerotic plaques,especially vulnerable plaques without obvious symptoms in the early stage.Once a rupture occurs,it will lead to severe coronary stenosis,which in turn may trigger a major adverse cardiovascular event.Computed tomography angiography(CTA)has become a standard diagnostic tool for early screening of coronary plaque and stenosis due to its advantages in high resolution,noninvasiveness,and three-dimensional imaging.However,manual examination of CTA images by radiologists has been proven to be tedious and time-consuming,which might also lead to intra-and interobserver errors.Nowadays,many machine learning algorithms have enabled the(semi-)automatic diagnosis of CAD by extracting quantitative features from CTA images.This paper provides a survey of these machine learning algorithms for the diagnosis of CAD in CTA images,including coronary artery extraction,coronary plaque detection,vulnerable plaque identification,and coronary stenosis assessment.Most included articles were published within this decade and are found in the Web of Science.We wish to give readers a glimpse of the current status,challenges,and perspectives of these machine learning-based analysis methods for automatic CAD diagnosis.

Coronary artery disease in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus estimated by electron beam computed tomography and electron beam computed tomography angiography

Objective To assess the prevalence and risk of coronary artery disease(CAD)in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)using electron beam computed tomography(EBCT)and EBCT angiography(EBCTA).Methods:Ninety-four cases were enrolled in this study including diabetes(n=28),impaired glucose tolerance(IGT,n=30),coronary heart disease(CHD,n=11),and control(n=25).Cardiac EBCT plain scanning and EBCTA were performed on all of these subjects to evaluate coronary artery calcifica-tion(CAC)scores,and number of segments of stenosed coronary arteries.Both CAC and/or coronary artery stenosis were defined as patients with coronary artery lesions(CAL).Results CAC scores were not different with the control,diabetes,IGT,or CHD(P>0.05)groups.Compared to control(0.520±1.295),more stenosed coronary arteries segments(P<0.05)were detected in diabetes(2.964±1.915),IGT(2.200±2.024),and CHD(2.273±1.679).Number of stenosed artery segments were correlated with age(r=0.215,P=0.019),postprandial glucose(r=0.224,P=0.015),total cholesterol(r=0.323,P=0.000),and duration of diabetes(r=0.208,P=0.004).The incidences of CAL in diabetes(96.43%),IGT(93.33%),and CHD(90.91%)was substantially higher than that in normal control(56.00%,P<0.01).The odds ratio of CAL associated with having diabetes was estimated to be 7.514(95%CI:1.885-63.778).Conclusions Coronary artery lesions are prevalent in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes,implying a high CAD risk.EBCTA holds potential in depicting the details of CAL and can be used to track the progression of CAD in diabetes patients.

Clinicopathological characteristics and typing of multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential

BACKGROUND Up until now,no research has been reported on the association between the cli-nical growth rate of multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential(MCRNLMP)and computed tomography(CT)imaging characteristics.Our study sought to examine the correlation between them,with the objective of distin-guishing unique features of MCRNLMP from renal cysts and exploring effective management strategies.AIM To investigate optimal management strategies of MCRNLMP.METHODS We retrospectively collected and analyzed data from 1520 patients,comprising 1444 with renal cysts and 76 with MCRNLMP,who underwent renal cyst decom-pression,radical nephrectomy,or nephron-sparing surgery for renal cystic disease between January 2013 and December 2021 at our institution.Detection of MC-RNLMP utilized the Bosniak classification for imaging and the 2016 World Health Organization criteria for clinical pathology.RESULTS Our meticulous exploration has revealed compelling findings on the occurrence of MCRNLMP.Precisely,it comprises 1.48%of all cases involving simple renal cysts,5.26%of those with complex renal cysts,and a noteworthy 12.11%of renal tumors coexisting with renal cysts,indicating a statistically significant difference(P=0.001).Moreover,MCRNLMP constituted a significant 22.37%of the patient po-pulation whose cysts demonstrated a rapid growth rate of≥2.0 cm/year,whereas it only represented 0.66%among those with a growth rate below 2.0 cm/year.Of the 76 MCRNLMP cases studied,none of the nine patients who underwent subsequent nephron-sparing surgery or radical nephrectomy following renal cyst decompression experienced recurrence or metastasis.In the remaining 67 patients,who were actively monitored over a 3-year postoperative period,only one showed suspicious recurrence on CT scans.CONCLUSION MCRNLMP can be tentatively identified and categorized into three types based on CT scanning and growth rate indicators.In treating MCRNLMP,partial nephrectomy is preferred,while radical nephrectomy should be minimi-zed.After surgery,active monitoring is advisable to prevent unnecessary nephrectomy.

Optical coherence tomography-guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in renal artery fibromuscular dysplasia

A 40-year-old woman was referred for resistant hypertension despite three anti-hypertensive medications including a diuretic at maximum tolerated dose.She has no family history of fibromuscular dysplasia(FMD).Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed right renal artery stenosis suspicious of FMD.

Noninvasive Detection of Coronary Artery Stenosis Using 16-slice Spiral CT: a Comparison with Selective X-ray Coronary Angiography

The role of 16-slice spiral CT was selective X-ray coronary angiography （SCA） who were suspected of having coronary heart evaluated in the diagnosis of coronary stenosis, with serving as the reference standard. Sixty-five patients disease, without percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary bypass-grafting, were investigated using 16-slice CT. Eight patients with pre-scan heart rate of more than 80 beats/min were given β-blockers. After the retrospectively ECG-gated axial imaging reconstruction, volume redering （VR）, multi-planar reconstruction （MPR）, curved MPR and maximum intensity projection （MIP） were used to reconstruct. Every segment of coronary artery with a diameter ≥1.5 mm was assessed, and the presence on CT with a stenosis exceeding 50 % diameter reduction was compared with that on SCA. The reasons which lead to some segments unevaluable were analysed. Compared with SCA, 93 % coronary segments and 94 % main branches were evaluable. Residual cardiac motion artifacts, severe calcification and poor opacification made 58 %, 28 % and 14 % of the remaining 60 segments unevaluable respectively. Without routine administration of β-blockers, good coronary imaging quality can be acquired using 16-slice spiral CT. It is a reliable noninvasive method for detection of obstructive coronary artery disease.

低浓度碘对比剂在肥胖患者冠状动脉计算机断层扫描血管造影检查中的应用

目的探究低浓度碘对比剂在肥胖患者低管电压冠状动脉检查中的应用。方法2020年8月至2021年5月前瞻性入选玉林市第一人民医院80例疑似冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)行冠状动脉计算机断层扫描血管造影(coronary computed tomography angiography,CCTA)检查的肥胖患者。按随机数字表法分组,每组40例。高浓度组采用优维显浓度为370 mgI/mL,低浓度组采用优维显浓度为300 mgI/mL,均进行低管电压CCTA检查。比较两组患者图像的质量、辐射剂量、碘摄入量及注入率、注射对比剂外渗率、不适感及检查前后肾功能指标、对比剂肾病发生情况,并以数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)为“金标准”评价低浓度碘对比剂对中度及以上动脉血管狭窄的鉴别诊断价值。结果低浓度组患者的图像质量分值与高浓度组比较,差异无统计学意义[(4.29±0.37)分vs.(4.32±0.36)分,P>0.05],且2名医师对图像质量评估的一致性较高(P<0.05)。两组患者冠状动脉各节段计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)值、对比噪声比(contrast-to-noise ratio,CNR)、信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio,SNR)及图像优良指数(figure of merit,FOM)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者容积CT剂量指数(volumetric CT dose index,CTDIvol)、有效剂量(effective dose,ED)及造影剂量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);低浓度组患者总碘用量及碘注入率均少于高浓度组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相较于治疗前,两组患者治疗后肾功能指标均有所上调,且低浓度组较高浓度组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。低浓度组患者注射对比剂热感、疼痛感及对比剂肾病发生率均低于高浓度组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。以DSA检查为“金标准”,Kappa检验结果显示,低浓度碘对比剂与DSA诊断动脉血管狭窄程度的一致性较高(P<0.05),且低浓度对比剂对中度及以上动脉血管狭窄的诊断准确率为95.06%。结论低浓度对比剂应用在肥胖患者低管电压条件下行CCTA检查,在保证图像质量及诊断动脉血管狭窄准确率前提下,可明显减少碘摄入量,降低不良反应发生率,值得临床推广与应用。

冠状动脉树重建扩大到较小动脉提高FFRCT准确性的研究

目的本研究旨在通过在计算流体动力学(CFD)领域扩展冠脉树来提高基于冠状动脉CT血管成像(coronary CT angiography,CCTA)的血流储备分数(FFR)的准确性。进行了一项观察性研究,以评估将冠状动脉树分析从最小直径1.2mm扩展到0.8 mm的效果。方法对接受CCTA和介入性FFR治疗的患者进行回顾性研究。76名患者符合纳入标准。重建三维冠状动脉树,生成具有不同管腔直径下限(1.2 mm和0.8 mm)的有限元网格。根据Murray定律定义了出口边界条件。应用NKS方法求解CFD控制方程,得到FFRCT。结果在个体患者水平上,将冠状动脉树的最小直径从1.2mm扩大到0.8mm,FFRCT的灵敏度提高了16.7%(P=0.022),这导致四个假阴性病例转变为真阳性病例。ROC曲线的AUC值由0.74增至0.83。此外,NKS方法可以解决在2160个处理器核的情况下,在10.5分钟内将冠状动脉树扩展到0.8 mm管腔直径的计算问题。结论将重建的冠脉扩大到较小的管腔直径可以显著提高FFRCT的敏感性,NKS方法可以为未来的临床应用提供良好的计算时间。

基于CT平扫影像组学特征机器学习算法模型对高级别Bosniak分类囊性肾占位性病变的诊断效能

目的:比较基于CT平扫影像组学特征的机器学习算法模型与放射科医师对囊性肾占位性病变(CRM)的诊断效能。方法:招募来自广东省中医院5家分院经病理诊断的CRM患者207例,其中4家162例(内部测试集)按7∶3比例随机分为训练集与验证集,训练集提取CT平扫影像组学特征用于机器学习算法建模,由2位放射科医师进行全肿瘤分割。使用单变量分析、最小绝对收缩和选择算子(LASSO)算法及双向消除法筛选ICC>0.75的特征,以构建朴素贝叶斯、梯度提升算法(GBM)及主成分分析(PCA)的监督与非监督影像组学机器学习算法模型,进行验证集验证,在珠海分院45例(外部测试集)中完成外部测试。使用ROC曲线评估机器学习算法模型诊断效能,并与放射科医师诊断结果进行比较。结果:207例中,良性92例,恶性115例。放射科医师诊断的敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为84.2%、91.1%和85.5%,AUC为0.87。机器学习算法模型在训练集和验证集中诊断效能相近[训练集敏感度(95.3%~100.0%)、特异度(93.4%~100.0%)、准确率(94.4%~100.0%)、AUC(0.97~1.00);验证集敏感度(83.3%~89.9%)、特异度(87.0%~95.7%)、准确率(85.4%~90.2%)、AUC(0.85~0.92)];在外部测试集中,PCA和朴素贝叶斯的敏感度、特异度、准确率和AUC均高于GBM。放射科医师的诊断效能与PCA及朴素贝叶斯模型相近。结论:CT平扫影像组学的多种机器学习算法模型对CRM具有较好的诊断效能,可作为CRM患者的潜在筛查方法。

影像学在肾血管性高血压评估中的进展

肾血管性高血压是继发性高血压最常见的原因之一,是指由肾动脉狭窄引起的高血压。绝大多数肾动脉狭窄是由动脉粥样硬化或纤维肌肉发育不良引起。随着影像学检查技术的快速发展,该疾病的早期检出率不断升高。尤其是各种无创性影像学检查技术在肾动脉狭窄的诊疗过程中起到了至关重要的作用,可早期识别肾动脉、肾脏结构及功能的异常,帮助患者实现早期诊断及获得早期充分治疗。现就影像学在肾动脉狭窄评估中的应用进展进行综述。

冠状动脉CT血管造影及血清指标对冠心病冠状动脉狭窄程度的评价

目的:探讨冠状动脉CT血管造影(CCTA)及血清脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)、血管生成素样蛋白3(ANGPTL3)对冠心病冠状动脉狭窄程度的评价。方法:选取2022年7月至2023年3月河北省胸科医院诊治的102例冠心病患者,按照冠状动脉狭窄程度积分(Gensini积分)情况将其分为轻度组(0分≤Gensini积分≤20分)、中度组(20分<Gensini积分≤60分)及重度组(Gensini积分>60分),每组34例。对比3组患者冠状动脉最小管腔直径(MLD)、狭窄面积百分比(%AS)、狭窄直径百分比(%DS)、最小管腔面积(MLA)、Lp-PLA2及ANGPTL3,根据受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,预测冠状动脉狭窄程度的诊断效能。结果:重度组MLA、MLD低于中度组和轻度组,而%AS、%DS高于中度组和轻度组,差异有统计学意义(t=6.905、4.083、5.871、6.976、3.387、2.198、2.668、3.505,P<0.05)。重度组Lp-PLA2、ANGPTL3高于中度组和轻度组,差异有统计学意义(t=4.164、8.220、2.575、3.050,P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,MLA、MLD、%AS、%DS、CCTA综合参数、LpPLA2以及ANGPTL3预测冠状动脉狭窄程度的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)值分别为0.838、0.690、0.742、0.801、0.904、0.808和0.807。灵敏度分别为91.20%、91.20%、64.70%、94.10%、97.10%、70.60%和88.20%;特异度分别为76.50%、57.40%、75.00%、50.00%、70.60%、97.10%和70.60%。CCTA综合参数的AUC分别高于LpPLA2和ANGPTL3,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:CCTA及血清Lp-PLA2、ANGPTL3评估冠心病冠状动脉狭窄程度均具有一定效能,且CCTA的预测效能更高。

CCTA-AI联合FFR-CT诊断冠状动脉狭窄病变的应用价值研究

目的评估计算机断层扫描血管成像(CCTA)与人工智能(AI)联合心肌灌注分数(FFR-CT)对冠状动脉狭窄病变的诊断价值。方法选择于2022年1月至2023年2月到南阳市中心医院接受诊治的80例疑似冠状动脉狭窄病变患者作为观察对象。所有患者均接受CCTA以及冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查,其检查的间隔时间应在14天内,然后通过AI软件自动对CCTA的图像进行重建和计算,同时计算FFR-CT的数值。计算人工智能辅助的心脏计算机断层扫描(CCTA-AI)联合FFR-CT诊断的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。结果80例患者经CAG检查确诊,72例患者为冠状动脉狭窄病变,占比为90%;8例患者为非冠状动脉狭窄病变,占比为10%。CCTA-AI联合FFR-CT检查的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确度以及AUC值均高于CCTA-AI、FFR-CT单独检查,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用CCTA-AI联合FFR-CT检查诊断冠状动脉狭窄病变具有较高的诊断效能,其敏感度及特异度均得到显著提高。

基于多期相CT图像的深度学习ResNet18和ResNet50模型诊断肾结核的效能比较

目的:探讨基于CT图像构建深度学习模型对肾结核进行鉴别诊断的可行性。方法:回顾性分析2018年9月至2020年8月经解放军总医院第八医学中心收治,并经组织病理学或临床确诊的肾结核、肾肿瘤、肾盂肾炎、正常肾脏、肾囊肿、肾积水患者。共纳入200例患者共400个肾脏的CT图像数据。将400个肾脏CT图像分为结核组(114个)和非结核组(286个),并且按8∶2的比例分为训练集(肾结核:85个;非肾结核:235个)和测试集(肾结核:29个;非肾结核:51个)。基于训练集通过ResNet18和ResNet50网络分别构建肾脏平扫期、皮髓质期、实质期和排泄期的深度学习模型;基于测试集评估所构建模型对肾结核的诊断效能,计算受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)、敏感度、特异度、准确率和F1分数。结果:训练集中,结核组平均年龄为(41.27±11.75)岁,明显低于非结核组[(54.05±13.97)岁];测试集中,结核组平均年龄为(44.06±11.95)岁,明显低于非结核组[(56.12±10.73)岁],差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为5.753、3.444,P值均<0.05)。训练集中,结核组男性占66.7%(40/60),女性占33.3%(20/60);非结核组男性占60.9%(78/128),女性占39.1%(50/128);两组差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.009,P=0.924)。测试集中,结核组男性占64.3%(18/28),女性占35.7%(10/28);非结核组男性占58.7%(27/46),女性占41.3%(19/46);两组差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.018,P=0.894)。ResNet18模型肾脏各期相的AUC、敏感度、特异度、准确率和F1分数均高于ResNet50模型。ResNet18模型中以皮髓质期为最佳,AUC、敏感度、特异度、准确率和F1分数分别为0.925、93.1%、86.3%、88.7%和0.857;ResNet50模型皮髓质期AUC、敏感度、特异度、准确率和F1分数分别为0.858、72.4%、84.3%、80.0%和0.724。结论:基于多期相CT图像的ResNet18模型诊断肾结核的效能优于ResNet50模型,ResNet18模型中以皮髓质期诊断效能最佳,有较高的临床应用价值。

多层螺旋CT仿真内窥镜在颈动脉狭窄中的诊断价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT仿真内窥镜技术(computed tomography virtual endoscopy,CTVE)在颈动脉狭窄中的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析2021年1月—2023年3月期间汕头大学医学院第一附属医院收治的60例颈动脉狭窄患者的临床资料,其中男性49例,女性11例,年龄46~85(66±8)岁。所有患者均行颈部CT血管造影(computed tomography angiography,CTA)检查、颈部血管超声(cervical vascular ultrasound,CVUS)检查及数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)检查,其中CTA检查后进行CTVE成像处理。以DSA诊断结果为金标准,分析CTA联合CTVE及CVUS诊断颈动脉狭窄程度的一致性。结果:以DSA诊断结果为金标准,CTA联合CTVE及CVUS诊断颈动脉狭窄的Kappa值分别为0.764和0.756,均具有较好的一致性。CTA联合CTVE诊断不同程度颈动脉狭窄的Kappa值分别为0.702(轻度狭窄)、0.648(中度狭窄)、0.905(重度狭窄)、0.959(闭塞)。结论:CTVE在颈动脉狭窄中具有较好的诊断价值,尤其在对于颈动脉重度狭窄或闭塞的诊断中,其优势更加突出。

多模态影像学对颈动脉斑块易损性的诊断价值

目的 探讨计算机断层扫描血管成像(CTA)、磁共振成像(MRI)、超声及CTA+超声对颈动脉斑块易损性的诊断效能。方法 收集2020年10月至2023年5月南京医科大学姑苏学院/南京医科大学附属苏州医院/苏州市立医院(本部)行颈动脉血管重建术的26例患者的临床资料,将其手术所得颈动脉斑块行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色、Masson三色染色及CD34抗体染色,分析斑块成分,判断斑块稳定性。以病理结果为金标准,比较不同影像学方法的诊断效能。结果 以病理结果为金标准,CTA+超声评估易损斑块的灵敏度最高,MRI评估易损斑块的特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均较高。MRI对斑块的脂质核心、薄纤维帽、溃疡、钙化、斑块内出血检出率与病理结果比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05),MRI检测斑块薄纤维帽的灵敏度最高,检测斑块脂质核心的特异度最高,检测斑块薄纤维帽、脂质核心的准确度均较高。结论 MRI仍是评估颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的金标准,但CTA+超声评估颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的灵敏度、准确度与MRI相当,且其更加快速、便捷和经济,更利于在基层医院推广应用。

肾动脉粥样硬化斑块特征与血流动力学的关系及其对肾功能的影响

目的:探讨血流动力学指标和肾动脉粥样硬化斑块特征之间的关系,及其在预测肾功能受损方面的效能。方法:回顾性分析2021年11月—2023年5月单侧肾动脉中重度狭窄患者的肾动脉CTA图像,评估肾动脉斑块特征(狭窄程度、斑块最大厚度、斑块面积、斑块体积、斑块负荷、动脉重塑和钙化)及肾皮质厚度差值(Cortical thickness difference,CTD)。使用有限元软件评估血流动力学参数时间平均壁剪切力(Time-averaged wall shear stress,TAWSS)及跨病变壁剪切力比(Wall shear stress ratio,WSSR)。测量并比较不同WSSR组间斑块特征的差异,并分析其与斑块特征的相关性。采用Logistic回归分析评价影响肾皮质厚度的独立危险因素。结果:最终纳入104例患者。狭窄处TAWSS高于狭窄前TAWSS和狭窄后TAWSS(P均<0.001),狭窄前TAWSS高于狭窄后TAWSS(P<0.001)。高WSSR组的狭窄程度、斑块负荷、非钙化斑块比例均高于低WSSR组(P=0.019、P=0.008、P=0.011)。WSSR与狭窄程度(r=0.028,P=0.020)和斑块负荷(r=0.028,P=0.020)呈正相关。斑块负荷(OR=1.764;95%CI 1.008~8.087;P=0.047)和高WSSR(OR=3.047;95%CI 1.123~8.262;P=0.029)是与高CTD独立相关的影像学因素。二者联合预测高CTD的AUC为0.72。结论:WSSR和斑块特征可能是肾动脉狭窄后反映肾功能指标的重要参数,斑块负荷和高WSSR可以预测肾功能的受损程度。

肾动脉解剖变异及研究展望

肾动脉解剖变异率高,术前充分了解肾的血管解剖结构对选择最佳手术方式及提高泌尿外科肾手术的成功率具有重要意义。随着影像学技术及图像处理技术的发展,以及腹腔镜下手术经验的积累,学者们对肾动脉的活体解剖学研究逐渐开始重视,从解剖学到方法学方面都取得了较多的新认识。因此,现对肾动脉解剖变异的相关研究进行回顾总结,对肾动脉解剖变异的研究历史沿革和发展进行梳理,并对近年来新兴影像学技术对研究肾动脉解剖变异的指导作用进行展望,以期加深泌尿外科专科医师对肾动脉解剖变异方面的理解和认识。

基于CAD-RADS的高危斑块特征联合CT-FFR对冠状动脉临界病变预后的预测价值

目的:研究基于冠状动脉疾病报告和数据系统(coronary artery disease-reporting and data system,CAD-RADS)的高危斑块特征联合CT血流储备分数(fractional flow reserve derived from CT,CT-FFR)对冠状动脉病临界病变患者预后的临床应用价值。方法:在CAD-RADS结构式报告基础上,前瞻性研究冠状动脉CT血管造影(coronary artery CT angiography,CCTA)影像资料和临床资料,共301例临界病变患者纳入研究,影像观察指标包括CAD-RADS≥3、钙化积分≥100、斑块易损性特征、高危斑块、长病变、CT-FFR≤0.8,观察指标的组合包括CAD-RADS≥3 V、CAD-RADS≥3 V且CT-FFR≤0.8。研究终点为预后不良,包括主要不良心血管事件(major adverse cardiovascular events,MACE)及计划外有创冠状动脉造影(invasive coronary angiography,ICA)、血运重建手术,研究样本分为预后良好组和预后不良组。通过统计不同组间数据的差异,评价CAD-RADS高危斑块联合CT-FFR对临界病变患者预后的临床价值。结果:年龄、钙化积分、CAD-RADS类别、斑块易损性特征、高危斑块、长病变、CT-FFR在预后良好组和预后不良组间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CAD-RADS类别、高危斑块、CT-FFR是冠状动脉临界病变预后的独立预测因子(P<0.05);CT-FFR≤0.8在CAD-RADS≥3组、钙化积分≥100组、不同斑块易损性特征组、高危斑块组、长病变组中发生率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);观察指标组合(CAD-RADS≥3 V且CT-FFR≤0.8)预测预后不良的特异性、准确性和阳性预测值分别为97.2%、85.7%、88.7%,AUC为0.795(95%CI:0.731~0.858)。结论:基于CAD-RADS的高危斑块特征联合CT-FFR能有效预测MACE及计划外ICA、血运重建手术,指导临床针对性干预与治疗。

CT及其衍生技术评价冠状动脉钙化病变的研究进展

冠状动脉钙化病变是引起冠状动脉CT血管成像在诊断冠状动脉疾病时的诊断准确性和特异性大幅降低的重要原因。然而,冠状动脉CT血管成像评价冠状动脉疾病患者冠状动脉钙化病变时,影像采集设备、重建后处理及模拟计算技术的选择和应用目前尚缺乏规范和指导。现对CT及其衍生技术用于冠状动脉疾病患者冠状动脉严重钙化病变诊断时的原理、选择以及临床应用做一综述。