Low-carbon hydrogen is expected to play a key role in realizing net-zero and sustainable development plans.Nonetheless,there is a gap between the cost of producing low-carbon hydrogen and its potential users’willingn...Low-carbon hydrogen is expected to play a key role in realizing net-zero and sustainable development plans.Nonetheless,there is a gap between the cost of producing low-carbon hydrogen and its potential users’willingness to pay for such hydrogen.To implement support for the development of the industry,we propose using low-carbon hydrogen long-term agreements allocated through auction mechanisms.The objectives are 2-fold:(i)matching supply and demand volumes considering the time horizon and geographical delivery point specification and(ii)allocating the subsidy.This perspective article innovates by proposing a reference price indexed to liquid to natural-gas prices,which is the main product that low-carbon hydrogen aims to substitute.The premium and the production cost are defined through a double-sided auction.This aims to minimize the public policy funds required to incentivize the low-carbon hydrogen market while facilitating long-term agreements and mitigating price risks that may hinder investment.展开更多
The Nd（III） extraction in flat renewal supported liquid membrane（FRSLM）,with polyvinylidene fluoride membrane and renewal solution including HNO3 solution as the stripping solution and di（2-ethylhexyl） phosphori...The Nd（III） extraction in flat renewal supported liquid membrane（FRSLM）,with polyvinylidene fluoride membrane and renewal solution including HNO3 solution as the stripping solution and di（2-ethylhexyl） phosphoric acid（D2EHPA） dissolved in kerosene as the membrane solution,was investigated.The effects of pH in the feed phase,volume ratio of membrane solution to stripping solution,concentra-tion of HNO3 solution and concentration of carrier in the renewal phase on extraction of Nd（III） were also studied,respectively.As a result,the optimum extraction conditions of Nd（III） were obtained when concentration of HNO3 solution was 4.00 mol/L,concentration of D2EHPA was 0.100 mol/L,and volume ratio of membrane solution to stripping solution was 1.00 in the renewal phase,and pH was 4.60 in the feed phase.When initial concentration of Nd（III） was 2.00×10-4 mol/L,the extraction percentage of Nd（III） was up to 92.9% in 75 min.展开更多
文摘Low-carbon hydrogen is expected to play a key role in realizing net-zero and sustainable development plans.Nonetheless,there is a gap between the cost of producing low-carbon hydrogen and its potential users’willingness to pay for such hydrogen.To implement support for the development of the industry,we propose using low-carbon hydrogen long-term agreements allocated through auction mechanisms.The objectives are 2-fold:(i)matching supply and demand volumes considering the time horizon and geographical delivery point specification and(ii)allocating the subsidy.This perspective article innovates by proposing a reference price indexed to liquid to natural-gas prices,which is the main product that low-carbon hydrogen aims to substitute.The premium and the production cost are defined through a double-sided auction.This aims to minimize the public policy funds required to incentivize the low-carbon hydrogen market while facilitating long-term agreements and mitigating price risks that may hinder investment.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Young Scientists (51109197)Foundation for Planning Project of West Action of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-XB2-13)Research Fund for Excellent Doctoral Thesis of Xi'an University of Technology (602-210805)
文摘The Nd（III） extraction in flat renewal supported liquid membrane（FRSLM）,with polyvinylidene fluoride membrane and renewal solution including HNO3 solution as the stripping solution and di（2-ethylhexyl） phosphoric acid（D2EHPA） dissolved in kerosene as the membrane solution,was investigated.The effects of pH in the feed phase,volume ratio of membrane solution to stripping solution,concentra-tion of HNO3 solution and concentration of carrier in the renewal phase on extraction of Nd（III） were also studied,respectively.As a result,the optimum extraction conditions of Nd（III） were obtained when concentration of HNO3 solution was 4.00 mol/L,concentration of D2EHPA was 0.100 mol/L,and volume ratio of membrane solution to stripping solution was 1.00 in the renewal phase,and pH was 4.60 in the feed phase.When initial concentration of Nd（III） was 2.00×10-4 mol/L,the extraction percentage of Nd（III） was up to 92.9% in 75 min.
