Objective:Interleukin-1(IL-1)is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which may be related to urolithiasis.Genetic polymorphisms of the interleukin-1beta(IL-1β)have been proposed as markers for urolithiasis in some areas.Due t...Objective:Interleukin-1(IL-1)is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which may be related to urolithiasis.Genetic polymorphisms of the interleukin-1beta(IL-1β)have been proposed as markers for urolithiasis in some areas.Due to the high incidence of urolithiasis in Uighur children(Xinjiang,China)and existence of ethnic difference,our aim is to explore the potential of IL-1 gene polymorphisms and urolithiasis among these children.Methods:Genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood of 115 patients and 98 controls were used for genotype polymorphisms analyses.IL-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1RN)gene variable number of tandem repeat(VNTR)gene polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR method.PCR-based restriction analysis was done for the IL-1β(-511)and IL-1β(+3954)gene polymorphisms by endonucleases Ava I and Taq I,respectively.The genotype distribution,allele frequencies,carriage rate,and haplotype frequencies were statistically analyzed.Results:No significant differences were observed in genotypic frequencies between pediatric urolithiasis patients and control group for IL-1RN gene(χ^(2)=1.906,p=0.605),IL-1β(-511)gene(χ^(2)=0.105,p=0.949),or IL-1β(+3954)gene(χ^(2)=3.635,p=0.169).There were yet no significant differences of the allele frequencies of IL-1RN VNTR gene(p=0.779),IL-1β(-511)gene(p=0.941),and IL-1β(+3954)gene(p=0.418)in the case and control groups,as well as the carriage rate and haplotype of them(all p>0.05).Conclusions:The associations between IL-1RN VNTR,IL-1β(-511)and IL-1β(+3954)genes polymorphisms and urolithiasis were not significant in Uighur children.The results need to be confirmed in studies with larger population sample size,as well as in other ethnic groups.展开更多
Inheritance analysis and gene mapping of the glabrous trait were conducted using the crosses between a pubescent rice material Chuanxiang 29B (an aromatic elite maintainer line of hybrid rice), and two glabrous rice...Inheritance analysis and gene mapping of the glabrous trait were conducted using the crosses between a pubescent rice material Chuanxiang 29B (an aromatic elite maintainer line of hybrid rice), and two glabrous rice materials, Lemont and R2 (R2 is a new restorer line of hybrid rice). All F1 plants from the two crosses had pubescent leaves, confirming that the pubescence trait in Chuanxiang 29B is dominant over the glabrous trait. In F2 individuals, the segregation ratio of three pubescent to one glabrous plant suggests that a single glabrous gene was present in Lemont and R2. Using the bulked segregant analysis, the linkage analysis of the simple sequence repeat markers showed that the glabrous gene, gl-1, was flanked by GL311 and GL8 with the genetic distances of 0.19 and 0.92 cM on chromosome 5, respectively.展开更多
Marek’s disease virus (MDV) challenge induces lymphoma in susceptible chickens. Host genes, especially immune related genes, are activated by the virus. DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that governs gene tr...Marek’s disease virus (MDV) challenge induces lymphoma in susceptible chickens. Host genes, especially immune related genes, are activated by the virus. DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that governs gene transcription. In the present study, we found that expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) was upregulated at 10 days post infection (dpi) in MD susceptible chickens, whereas interleukin 12A (IL12A) was elevated in both resistant and susceptible chickens. However, we did not observe MDV-induced DNA methylation variations at the promoter CpG islands (CGIs) in STAT1 and IL12A. Interestingly, the methylation levels at Chicken Repeat 1 (CR1), the transposable elements (TEs) located upstream of two genes, were different between resistant and susceptible chickens. Furthermore, a mutation was identified in the CR1 element near IL12A. The impact of the point mutation in transcriptional factor binding is to be examined in the near future.展开更多
Leucine rich repeats (LRRs) are present in over 14,000 proteins that have been identified in viruses, bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. Two to sixty-two LRRs occur in tandem forming an overall arc shaped domain. Ther...Leucine rich repeats (LRRs) are present in over 14,000 proteins that have been identified in viruses, bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. Two to sixty-two LRRs occur in tandem forming an overall arc shaped domain. There are eight classes of LRRs. Plant specific LRRs (class: PS-LRR) had previously been recognized in only plant proteins. However, we find that PS-LRRs are also present in proteins from bacteria. We investigated the origin of bacterial PS-LRR domains. PSLRR proteins are widely distributed in most plants;they are found in only a few bacterial species. There are no PS-LRR proteins from archaea. Bacterial PS-LRRs in twenty proteins from eleven bacterial species (in the three phyla: Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Bacteroidetes) are significantly more similar to the PS-LRR class than to the other seven classes of LRR proteins. Not only amino acid sequences but also nucleotide sequences of the bacterial PS-LRR domains show highly significant similarity with those of many plant proteins. The program, EGID (Ensemble algorithm for Genomic Island Detection), predicts that Synechococcus sp. CYA_ 1022 came from another organism. Four bacterial PS-LRR proteins contain AhpC-TSA, IgA peptidase M64, the immunoglobulin domain, the Calx-b domain, and the He_PIG domain;these domains show no similarity with any eukaryotic (plant) proteins, in contrast to the similarities of their respective PS-LRRs. The present results indicate that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of genes/gene fragments encoding PS-LRR domains occurred between bacteria and plants, and HGT among the eleven bacterial species, of the three phyla, as opposed to descent from a common ancestor. There is the possibility of the occurrence of one HGT event from plant to bacteria. A series of HGTs might then have occurred recently and rapidly among these eleven species of bacteria.展开更多
An F2 population derived from the cross of WB01, an introgression line resistant to brown planthopper (BPH) originated from Oryza rufipogon Griff. and a susceptible indica variety 9311, was developed for genetic analy...An F2 population derived from the cross of WB01, an introgression line resistant to brown planthopper (BPH) originated from Oryza rufipogon Griff. and a susceptible indica variety 9311, was developed for genetic analysis and gene mapping. The population with 303 F2:3 families was genotyped by 141 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and used for gene mapping. Two softwares, Mapmaker/Exp 3.0 and Windows QTL Cartographer V2.0 were applied to detect QTLs. Totally, two QTLs resistant to BPH, named temporarily as bph22(t) and bph23(t), were identified to locate on chromosomes 4 and 8, individually had LOD values of 2.92 and 3.15, and explained 11.3% and 14 .9% of the phenotypic variation, respectively.展开更多
Stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst),is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).To diversify stripe rust-resistant resources for wheat breeding programs,a CIMMYT...Stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst),is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).To diversify stripe rust-resistant resources for wheat breeding programs,a CIMMYT synthetic wheat line CI110 was identified to be resistant to 28 isolates of Pst,including 6 Chinese prevalent races CYR28-CYR33.Genetic analysis indicated that a single dominant gene was responsible for the stripe rust resistance in CI110,temporarily designated YrC110.A molecular map,harboring YrC110 and 9 linked SSR markers,was constructed through simple sequence repeat(SSR),and bulked segregant analysis.These linked markers and YrC110 were assigned on the short arm of chromosome 1B using the Chinese Spring nullisomic-tetrasomic and ditelosomic stocks.Gene postulation based on seedling reaction patterns to 30 Pst isolates suggested that the resistance gene YrC110 seemed different from the other known resistance genes tested,such as Yr9,Yr10,Yr15,Yr24,and Yr26/YrCH42.Four SSR markers Xbarc187150,Xgwm18227,Xgwm11223,and Xbarc240292 distinguished YrC110 from Yr10,Yr15,Yr24,and Yr26/YrCH42,and could be used as diagnostic ones for YrC110 in wheat resistant breeding programs against stripe rust.展开更多
Summary: Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism. To establish an efficient, accurate and fast diagnostic method for carrier detection and presymptomatic identification of WD in Chi...Summary: Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism. To establish an efficient, accurate and fast diagnostic method for carrier detection and presymptomatic identification of WD in Chinese population, we studied haplotypes of short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphisms flanking the WD gene in 40 Chinese WD families. The results suggested that this genetic diagnosis system based on the four STR polymorphisms is of high value for the detection of potential carriers and WD homozygotes in families with at least one previously affected child. It is an efficient, accurate and fast diagnostic method that can be well suited for routine use in clinical laboratories.展开更多
Conserved domain such as nucleotide binding site (NBS) was found in several cloned plant disease resistance genes. Based on the NBS domain, resistance gene analogues (RGAs) have been isolated. A full-length cDNA, ...Conserved domain such as nucleotide binding site (NBS) was found in several cloned plant disease resistance genes. Based on the NBS domain, resistance gene analogues (RGAs) have been isolated. A full-length cDNA, SPR1 was obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method. Sequence analysis indicated that the length of SPR1 was 3 066 bp, including a complete open reading frame of 2 667 bp encoding SPR1 protein of 888 amino acids. Compared with known NBS-LRR genes, it presented relatively high amino acid sequence identity. The polypeptide has a typical structure of nonT1R-NBS-LRR genes, with NB-ARC, CC, and LRR domains. The SPR1-related sequences belonged to multicopy gene family in sweetpotato genome according to the result of Southern blotting. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed SPR1 expressed in all tested tissues. The cloning of putative resistance gene from sweetpotato provides a basis for studying the structure and function of sweetpotato disease-resistance relating genes and disease resistant genetic breeding in sweetpotato. The gene has been submitted to the GenBank database, and the accession number is EF428453.展开更多
Genetic analysis showed that cold tolerance at booting stage of near-isogenic lines (NILs) of Kunmingxiaobaigu was controlled by a gene with large phenotypic variance. One hundred and sixty-four simple sequence repe...Genetic analysis showed that cold tolerance at booting stage of near-isogenic lines (NILs) of Kunmingxiaobaigu was controlled by a gene with large phenotypic variance. One hundred and sixty-four simple sequence repeats (SSR) distributed over 12 chromosomes were used to screen polymorphism between Towata (recurrent parent, RP) and near-isogenic line pool (NILP), and two SSR markers at the long arm of chromosome 5 showed polymorphism in comparison with RP genome. Of the two markers, RM31 was found possibly linked with the cold tolerance gene at booting stage through one-way ANOVA. Twelve SSR markers around RM31 were then used to detect polymorphism between RP and NIL, and only RM7452 had polymorphism. The gene of cold tolerance at booting stage was further mapped on chromosome 5 between RM7452 and RM31 with genetic distances of 4.8 cM and 8.0 cM, respectively. This gene explained 10.50% of phenotypic variance and 5.10% of phenotypic variance of fully filled grains, and was tentatively designated as Ctb(t).展开更多
AIM: To investigate the three important cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) haplotypes poly-T, TG-repeats and the M470V polymorphisms in the Chinese population, and to compare their distribution...AIM: To investigate the three important cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) haplotypes poly-T, TG-repeats and the M470V polymorphisms in the Chinese population, and to compare their distribution with that in Caucasians and other Asian populations. METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from blood leukocytes. Exons 9 and 10 of the CFTR gene were obtained through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Exon 9 DNA sequences were directly detected by an automated sequencer and poly-T and TG-repeats were identified by direct sequence analysis. Pure exon 10 PCR-amplified products were digested by HphⅠ restriction enzyme and the M470V mutation was detected by the AGE photos of digestion products. RESULTS: T7 was the most common (93.6%) haplotype and the (TG)11 frequency of 57.2% and (TG)12 frequency of 40.9% were dominant haplotypes in the junction of intron 8 (IVS-8) and exon 9. The frequency of T5 was 3.8% and all T5 allele tracts (10 alleles) were joined with (TG)12. Four new alleles of T6 (1.5%) were found in three healthy individuals. In exon 10, the V allele (56.1%) was slightly more frequent than the M allele (43.9%), and the M/V (45.5%) was the dominant genotype in these individuals. The three major haplotypes T7-(TG)11-V470, T7-(TG)12-M470 and T7-TG11-M470 were related to nearly 86.0% of the population. CONCLUSION: The polymorphisms of poly-T, TG-repeats, and M470V distribution were similar to those in other East Asians, but they had marked differences in frequency from those single haplotype polymorphisms or linkage haplotypes in Caucasians. Thus, they may be able to explain the low incidence of CF and CF-like diseases in Asians.展开更多
DNA markers enabled to determine the chromosomal locations of the two Rf genes(Rf3 and Rf4) in the wild-abortive cytoplasmic male sterility(WA-CMS) system. Four simple sequence repeats(SSRs) RM171, RM258, RM315 and RM...DNA markers enabled to determine the chromosomal locations of the two Rf genes(Rf3 and Rf4) in the wild-abortive cytoplasmic male sterility(WA-CMS) system. Four simple sequence repeats(SSRs) RM171, RM258, RM315 and RM443 were used to detect the allelic status with respect to the fertility restoration genes(Rf3 and Rf4) in 300 rice cultivars or breeding lines. The results revealed that out of 300 lines, 90 lines screened had Rf3, 65 lines had Rf4, and 45 lines had Rf3 and Rf4 alleles. Furthermore, 45 lines selected using SSR markers were mated with a CMS line(IR58025A) to analyze their restoring ability. Offspring of all the test lines except HHZ8-SAL9DT1-Y1, HHZ5-SAL9-Y3-1 and IDSA77 exhibited higher pollen and spikelet fertility(> 80%), thus confirming they bear the Rf alleles. The hybrid offspring of ARH12-6-1-1-B-3-1, IR32307-10-3-2-1 and Sahel 329 had the highest pollen fertility(97.39%, 98.30% and 97.10%, respectively) and spikelet fertility(95.10%, 97.07% and 96.10%, respectively).展开更多
The allelic variation of the Wx gene in 50 non-glutinous rice varieties (lines) was analyzed by using the microsatellite marker RM190 [for (CT)n simple sequence repeat (SSR)] and cleaved amplified polymorphic se...The allelic variation of the Wx gene in 50 non-glutinous rice varieties (lines) was analyzed by using the microsatellite marker RM190 [for (CT)n simple sequence repeat (SSR)] and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence(CAPS) marker 484/W2R-ACCⅠ[for G/T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)]. Six homozygous (CT)n types, namely (CT)20, (CT)19, (CT)18, (CT)17, (CT)16, (CT)14, (CT)11 and (CT)10, and a heterozygous genotype (CT)11/(CT)18 were detected for RM190, of which (CT)11 and (CT)18 were predominant. Two homozygous Wx genotypes (G/G and T/T) and one heterozygous (G/T) were detected using 484/W2R-ACC Ⅰ. Most of the materials with a RM190 of (CT)11 were G/G for SNP of 484/W2R-ACC Ⅰ, while T/T for SNP was predominantly appeared in materials with (CT)18. The materials tested could be grouped into 10 categories using the two markers together. Results indicated that 59.3% variance of amylose content was attributed to the polymorphism of Wx gene revealed by RM190, while 56.1% and 24.6% of the variances in amylose content and gel consistency were respectively to the polymorphism of Wx gene revealed by 484/W2R-ACC Ⅰ. Furthermore, with both SSR and CAPS markers, 72.4% of the variance in amylose content could be explained. In addition, the application prospects of the two markers in breeding were also discussed.展开更多
The Q/q gene, also known as WAP2, is an important gene for wheat domestication and is a member of the AP2 (APETALA2) class of transcription factors. In the present study, we first isolated the WRAP2 allele (where t...The Q/q gene, also known as WAP2, is an important gene for wheat domestication and is a member of the AP2 (APETALA2) class of transcription factors. In the present study, we first isolated the WRAP2 allele (where the superscript "t" refers to the speciese source, in this case "tauschii") on chromosome 5D from Aegilops tauschii Coss., the D-genome donor species of common wheat. We found that WRAP2 and the AP2 gene from Arabidopsis share a central core of the AP2 polypeptide, a highly basic 10-amino acid domain, and an AASSGF box, although there are many differences in the 37-amino acid serine-rich acidic domain and the remaining regions. In addition, WRAP2 was highly homologous to the homoeologous loci on 5A and 5B of wheat at both the nucleotide and amino acid level. However, there were some variations that are probably related to gene function. In the first AP2 domain, the amino acids VYL on the 5D and 5A loci were replaced with LLR on 5B. In the 37-amino acid serine-rich acidic domain, WRAP2 on 5D had an extra amino acid insertion. There was also a variation at the 329 amino acid position, which is thought to be related to the appearance of free-threshing wheat. At this position, the amino acid is isoleucine on 5A for the Q allele and valine for the q allele, whereas the amino acid is leucine on 5D and 5B. Furthermore, a Stowaway miniature terminal inverted repeat element (MITE) insertion was present in the ninth intron of WAP2 on 5B of all common wheats and partial tetraploid Triticum turgidum wheats. These results provide new clues for studies into the evolutionary biology of WAP2 and the origin of common wheat.展开更多
The polymorphic CAG repeats in the IT15 gene in Chinese normal and Huntington’s dis-ease(HD)chromosomes were determined by using nested PCR and denaturing polyacry-lamide gel electrophoretic autoradiography as well a...The polymorphic CAG repeats in the IT15 gene in Chinese normal and Huntington’s dis-ease(HD)chromosomes were determined by using nested PCR and denaturing polyacry-lamide gel electrophoretic autoradiography as well as direct sequencing analysis.A total of40 normal individuals and 122 members of 13 unrelated HD families originating from Shang-hai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Anhui,Shandong,Guangdong and Henan,respectively,were in-volved in this study.The results showed that the(CAG)n repeat numbers in 270 normal al-leles ranged from 13 to 26 but most in 16;while in 54 HD alleles,the CAG repeats from 40to 94,with an unstable inheritance of expanded repeats in some families.There was no over-lap between the normal and affected alleles.Additionally,the presymptomatic diagnosis in103 family members at risk for HD disclosed that 35 individuals had HD alleles,which were-in accordance with the pedigree analysis and clinical investigation.All these results indicatedthat the dynamic mutation in IT15 gene was responsible for the genetic defect in the ChineseHD patients and that a correlation existed between the numbers of(CAG)n repeat and theonset age of the disease.All-of these provide valuable data for HD molecular diagnosis,ge-netic counselling and genetic health.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.2019A1515010891).
文摘Objective:Interleukin-1(IL-1)is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which may be related to urolithiasis.Genetic polymorphisms of the interleukin-1beta(IL-1β)have been proposed as markers for urolithiasis in some areas.Due to the high incidence of urolithiasis in Uighur children(Xinjiang,China)and existence of ethnic difference,our aim is to explore the potential of IL-1 gene polymorphisms and urolithiasis among these children.Methods:Genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood of 115 patients and 98 controls were used for genotype polymorphisms analyses.IL-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1RN)gene variable number of tandem repeat(VNTR)gene polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR method.PCR-based restriction analysis was done for the IL-1β(-511)and IL-1β(+3954)gene polymorphisms by endonucleases Ava I and Taq I,respectively.The genotype distribution,allele frequencies,carriage rate,and haplotype frequencies were statistically analyzed.Results:No significant differences were observed in genotypic frequencies between pediatric urolithiasis patients and control group for IL-1RN gene(χ^(2)=1.906,p=0.605),IL-1β(-511)gene(χ^(2)=0.105,p=0.949),or IL-1β(+3954)gene(χ^(2)=3.635,p=0.169).There were yet no significant differences of the allele frequencies of IL-1RN VNTR gene(p=0.779),IL-1β(-511)gene(p=0.941),and IL-1β(+3954)gene(p=0.418)in the case and control groups,as well as the carriage rate and haplotype of them(all p>0.05).Conclusions:The associations between IL-1RN VNTR,IL-1β(-511)and IL-1β(+3954)genes polymorphisms and urolithiasis were not significant in Uighur children.The results need to be confirmed in studies with larger population sample size,as well as in other ethnic groups.
基金supported by the grants of the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2006AA100101)the ‘948’program of China(Grant No.2006-G1)the National Technology Foundation from Ministry of Agriculture,China(Grant No.2006BAD01A01-1)
文摘Inheritance analysis and gene mapping of the glabrous trait were conducted using the crosses between a pubescent rice material Chuanxiang 29B (an aromatic elite maintainer line of hybrid rice), and two glabrous rice materials, Lemont and R2 (R2 is a new restorer line of hybrid rice). All F1 plants from the two crosses had pubescent leaves, confirming that the pubescence trait in Chuanxiang 29B is dominant over the glabrous trait. In F2 individuals, the segregation ratio of three pubescent to one glabrous plant suggests that a single glabrous gene was present in Lemont and R2. Using the bulked segregant analysis, the linkage analysis of the simple sequence repeat markers showed that the glabrous gene, gl-1, was flanked by GL311 and GL8 with the genetic distances of 0.19 and 0.92 cM on chromosome 5, respectively.
文摘Marek’s disease virus (MDV) challenge induces lymphoma in susceptible chickens. Host genes, especially immune related genes, are activated by the virus. DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that governs gene transcription. In the present study, we found that expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) was upregulated at 10 days post infection (dpi) in MD susceptible chickens, whereas interleukin 12A (IL12A) was elevated in both resistant and susceptible chickens. However, we did not observe MDV-induced DNA methylation variations at the promoter CpG islands (CGIs) in STAT1 and IL12A. Interestingly, the methylation levels at Chicken Repeat 1 (CR1), the transposable elements (TEs) located upstream of two genes, were different between resistant and susceptible chickens. Furthermore, a mutation was identified in the CR1 element near IL12A. The impact of the point mutation in transcriptional factor binding is to be examined in the near future.
文摘Leucine rich repeats (LRRs) are present in over 14,000 proteins that have been identified in viruses, bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. Two to sixty-two LRRs occur in tandem forming an overall arc shaped domain. There are eight classes of LRRs. Plant specific LRRs (class: PS-LRR) had previously been recognized in only plant proteins. However, we find that PS-LRRs are also present in proteins from bacteria. We investigated the origin of bacterial PS-LRR domains. PSLRR proteins are widely distributed in most plants;they are found in only a few bacterial species. There are no PS-LRR proteins from archaea. Bacterial PS-LRRs in twenty proteins from eleven bacterial species (in the three phyla: Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Bacteroidetes) are significantly more similar to the PS-LRR class than to the other seven classes of LRR proteins. Not only amino acid sequences but also nucleotide sequences of the bacterial PS-LRR domains show highly significant similarity with those of many plant proteins. The program, EGID (Ensemble algorithm for Genomic Island Detection), predicts that Synechococcus sp. CYA_ 1022 came from another organism. Four bacterial PS-LRR proteins contain AhpC-TSA, IgA peptidase M64, the immunoglobulin domain, the Calx-b domain, and the He_PIG domain;these domains show no similarity with any eukaryotic (plant) proteins, in contrast to the similarities of their respective PS-LRRs. The present results indicate that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of genes/gene fragments encoding PS-LRR domains occurred between bacteria and plants, and HGT among the eleven bacterial species, of the three phyla, as opposed to descent from a common ancestor. There is the possibility of the occurrence of one HGT event from plant to bacteria. A series of HGTs might then have occurred recently and rapidly among these eleven species of bacteria.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Project for Agriculture in China: Conservation, Utilization and Exploration of Agricultural Wild Plant Sources (2010-2014)
文摘An F2 population derived from the cross of WB01, an introgression line resistant to brown planthopper (BPH) originated from Oryza rufipogon Griff. and a susceptible indica variety 9311, was developed for genetic analysis and gene mapping. The population with 303 F2:3 families was genotyped by 141 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and used for gene mapping. Two softwares, Mapmaker/Exp 3.0 and Windows QTL Cartographer V2.0 were applied to detect QTLs. Totally, two QTLs resistant to BPH, named temporarily as bph22(t) and bph23(t), were identified to locate on chromosomes 4 and 8, individually had LOD values of 2.92 and 3.15, and explained 11.3% and 14 .9% of the phenotypic variation, respectively.
文摘Stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst),is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).To diversify stripe rust-resistant resources for wheat breeding programs,a CIMMYT synthetic wheat line CI110 was identified to be resistant to 28 isolates of Pst,including 6 Chinese prevalent races CYR28-CYR33.Genetic analysis indicated that a single dominant gene was responsible for the stripe rust resistance in CI110,temporarily designated YrC110.A molecular map,harboring YrC110 and 9 linked SSR markers,was constructed through simple sequence repeat(SSR),and bulked segregant analysis.These linked markers and YrC110 were assigned on the short arm of chromosome 1B using the Chinese Spring nullisomic-tetrasomic and ditelosomic stocks.Gene postulation based on seedling reaction patterns to 30 Pst isolates suggested that the resistance gene YrC110 seemed different from the other known resistance genes tested,such as Yr9,Yr10,Yr15,Yr24,and Yr26/YrCH42.Four SSR markers Xbarc187150,Xgwm18227,Xgwm11223,and Xbarc240292 distinguished YrC110 from Yr10,Yr15,Yr24,and Yr26/YrCH42,and could be used as diagnostic ones for YrC110 in wheat resistant breeding programs against stripe rust.
文摘Summary: Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism. To establish an efficient, accurate and fast diagnostic method for carrier detection and presymptomatic identification of WD in Chinese population, we studied haplotypes of short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphisms flanking the WD gene in 40 Chinese WD families. The results suggested that this genetic diagnosis system based on the four STR polymorphisms is of high value for the detection of potential carriers and WD homozygotes in families with at least one previously affected child. It is an efficient, accurate and fast diagnostic method that can be well suited for routine use in clinical laboratories.
基金supported by Fujian Province Natu-ral Science Foundation, China (2006J0059)the Youth Foundation of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China (08B12)
文摘Conserved domain such as nucleotide binding site (NBS) was found in several cloned plant disease resistance genes. Based on the NBS domain, resistance gene analogues (RGAs) have been isolated. A full-length cDNA, SPR1 was obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method. Sequence analysis indicated that the length of SPR1 was 3 066 bp, including a complete open reading frame of 2 667 bp encoding SPR1 protein of 888 amino acids. Compared with known NBS-LRR genes, it presented relatively high amino acid sequence identity. The polypeptide has a typical structure of nonT1R-NBS-LRR genes, with NB-ARC, CC, and LRR domains. The SPR1-related sequences belonged to multicopy gene family in sweetpotato genome according to the result of Southern blotting. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed SPR1 expressed in all tested tissues. The cloning of putative resistance gene from sweetpotato provides a basis for studying the structure and function of sweetpotato disease-resistance relating genes and disease resistant genetic breeding in sweetpotato. The gene has been submitted to the GenBank database, and the accession number is EF428453.
基金supportedby China National Natural Science Foundation(30160043,30260060) the Natural ScienceFoundation of Yunnan Province(2004CO010Z).
文摘Genetic analysis showed that cold tolerance at booting stage of near-isogenic lines (NILs) of Kunmingxiaobaigu was controlled by a gene with large phenotypic variance. One hundred and sixty-four simple sequence repeats (SSR) distributed over 12 chromosomes were used to screen polymorphism between Towata (recurrent parent, RP) and near-isogenic line pool (NILP), and two SSR markers at the long arm of chromosome 5 showed polymorphism in comparison with RP genome. Of the two markers, RM31 was found possibly linked with the cold tolerance gene at booting stage through one-way ANOVA. Twelve SSR markers around RM31 were then used to detect polymorphism between RP and NIL, and only RM7452 had polymorphism. The gene of cold tolerance at booting stage was further mapped on chromosome 5 between RM7452 and RM31 with genetic distances of 4.8 cM and 8.0 cM, respectively. This gene explained 10.50% of phenotypic variance and 5.10% of phenotypic variance of fully filled grains, and was tentatively designated as Ctb(t).
基金Supported by The Key Talent of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foundation from the Government of Jiangsu Province, No. [2007] 158
文摘AIM: To investigate the three important cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) haplotypes poly-T, TG-repeats and the M470V polymorphisms in the Chinese population, and to compare their distribution with that in Caucasians and other Asian populations. METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from blood leukocytes. Exons 9 and 10 of the CFTR gene were obtained through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Exon 9 DNA sequences were directly detected by an automated sequencer and poly-T and TG-repeats were identified by direct sequence analysis. Pure exon 10 PCR-amplified products were digested by HphⅠ restriction enzyme and the M470V mutation was detected by the AGE photos of digestion products. RESULTS: T7 was the most common (93.6%) haplotype and the (TG)11 frequency of 57.2% and (TG)12 frequency of 40.9% were dominant haplotypes in the junction of intron 8 (IVS-8) and exon 9. The frequency of T5 was 3.8% and all T5 allele tracts (10 alleles) were joined with (TG)12. Four new alleles of T6 (1.5%) were found in three healthy individuals. In exon 10, the V allele (56.1%) was slightly more frequent than the M allele (43.9%), and the M/V (45.5%) was the dominant genotype in these individuals. The three major haplotypes T7-(TG)11-V470, T7-(TG)12-M470 and T7-TG11-M470 were related to nearly 86.0% of the population. CONCLUSION: The polymorphisms of poly-T, TG-repeats, and M470V distribution were similar to those in other East Asians, but they had marked differences in frequency from those single haplotype polymorphisms or linkage haplotypes in Caucasians. Thus, they may be able to explain the low incidence of CF and CF-like diseases in Asians.
文摘DNA markers enabled to determine the chromosomal locations of the two Rf genes(Rf3 and Rf4) in the wild-abortive cytoplasmic male sterility(WA-CMS) system. Four simple sequence repeats(SSRs) RM171, RM258, RM315 and RM443 were used to detect the allelic status with respect to the fertility restoration genes(Rf3 and Rf4) in 300 rice cultivars or breeding lines. The results revealed that out of 300 lines, 90 lines screened had Rf3, 65 lines had Rf4, and 45 lines had Rf3 and Rf4 alleles. Furthermore, 45 lines selected using SSR markers were mated with a CMS line(IR58025A) to analyze their restoring ability. Offspring of all the test lines except HHZ8-SAL9DT1-Y1, HHZ5-SAL9-Y3-1 and IDSA77 exhibited higher pollen and spikelet fertility(> 80%), thus confirming they bear the Rf alleles. The hybrid offspring of ARH12-6-1-1-B-3-1, IR32307-10-3-2-1 and Sahel 329 had the highest pollen fertility(97.39%, 98.30% and 97.10%, respectively) and spikelet fertility(95.10%, 97.07% and 96.10%, respectively).
文摘The allelic variation of the Wx gene in 50 non-glutinous rice varieties (lines) was analyzed by using the microsatellite marker RM190 [for (CT)n simple sequence repeat (SSR)] and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence(CAPS) marker 484/W2R-ACCⅠ[for G/T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)]. Six homozygous (CT)n types, namely (CT)20, (CT)19, (CT)18, (CT)17, (CT)16, (CT)14, (CT)11 and (CT)10, and a heterozygous genotype (CT)11/(CT)18 were detected for RM190, of which (CT)11 and (CT)18 were predominant. Two homozygous Wx genotypes (G/G and T/T) and one heterozygous (G/T) were detected using 484/W2R-ACC Ⅰ. Most of the materials with a RM190 of (CT)11 were G/G for SNP of 484/W2R-ACC Ⅰ, while T/T for SNP was predominantly appeared in materials with (CT)18. The materials tested could be grouped into 10 categories using the two markers together. Results indicated that 59.3% variance of amylose content was attributed to the polymorphism of Wx gene revealed by RM190, while 56.1% and 24.6% of the variances in amylose content and gel consistency were respectively to the polymorphism of Wx gene revealed by 484/W2R-ACC Ⅰ. Furthermore, with both SSR and CAPS markers, 72.4% of the variance in amylose content could be explained. In addition, the application prospects of the two markers in breeding were also discussed.
基金supported by the National BasicResearch Program(973 Program2009CB 118300),"100-Talent Program"of The Chinese Academy of Sciences,and by the Education Bureau and Science and Technology Bureau of Sichuan Province.
文摘The Q/q gene, also known as WAP2, is an important gene for wheat domestication and is a member of the AP2 (APETALA2) class of transcription factors. In the present study, we first isolated the WRAP2 allele (where the superscript "t" refers to the speciese source, in this case "tauschii") on chromosome 5D from Aegilops tauschii Coss., the D-genome donor species of common wheat. We found that WRAP2 and the AP2 gene from Arabidopsis share a central core of the AP2 polypeptide, a highly basic 10-amino acid domain, and an AASSGF box, although there are many differences in the 37-amino acid serine-rich acidic domain and the remaining regions. In addition, WRAP2 was highly homologous to the homoeologous loci on 5A and 5B of wheat at both the nucleotide and amino acid level. However, there were some variations that are probably related to gene function. In the first AP2 domain, the amino acids VYL on the 5D and 5A loci were replaced with LLR on 5B. In the 37-amino acid serine-rich acidic domain, WRAP2 on 5D had an extra amino acid insertion. There was also a variation at the 329 amino acid position, which is thought to be related to the appearance of free-threshing wheat. At this position, the amino acid is isoleucine on 5A for the Q allele and valine for the q allele, whereas the amino acid is leucine on 5D and 5B. Furthermore, a Stowaway miniature terminal inverted repeat element (MITE) insertion was present in the ninth intron of WAP2 on 5B of all common wheats and partial tetraploid Triticum turgidum wheats. These results provide new clues for studies into the evolutionary biology of WAP2 and the origin of common wheat.
基金the High Technology Research Development Programme of China
文摘The polymorphic CAG repeats in the IT15 gene in Chinese normal and Huntington’s dis-ease(HD)chromosomes were determined by using nested PCR and denaturing polyacry-lamide gel electrophoretic autoradiography as well as direct sequencing analysis.A total of40 normal individuals and 122 members of 13 unrelated HD families originating from Shang-hai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Anhui,Shandong,Guangdong and Henan,respectively,were in-volved in this study.The results showed that the(CAG)n repeat numbers in 270 normal al-leles ranged from 13 to 26 but most in 16;while in 54 HD alleles,the CAG repeats from 40to 94,with an unstable inheritance of expanded repeats in some families.There was no over-lap between the normal and affected alleles.Additionally,the presymptomatic diagnosis in103 family members at risk for HD disclosed that 35 individuals had HD alleles,which were-in accordance with the pedigree analysis and clinical investigation.All these results indicatedthat the dynamic mutation in IT15 gene was responsible for the genetic defect in the ChineseHD patients and that a correlation existed between the numbers of(CAG)n repeat and theonset age of the disease.All-of these provide valuable data for HD molecular diagnosis,ge-netic counselling and genetic health.