This paper provides a method of the process of computation called the cumulative method, it is based upon repeated cumulative process. The cumulative method is being adapted to the purposes of computation, particularl...This paper provides a method of the process of computation called the cumulative method, it is based upon repeated cumulative process. The cumulative method is being adapted to the purposes of computation, particularly multiplication and division. The operations of multiplication and division are represented by algebraic formulas. An advantage of the method is that the cumulative process can be performed on decimal numbers. The present paper aims to establish a basic and useful formula valid for the two fundamental arithmetic operations of multiplication and division. The new cumulative method proved to be more flexible and made it possible to extend the multiplication and division based on repeated addition/subtraction to decimal numbers.展开更多
Very fast transient over-voltage （VFTO）, induced by disconnector operations in gas- insulated switchgears, has become the limiting dielectric stress at ultra-high voltage levels. Much work has been done to investiga...Very fast transient over-voltage （VFTO）, induced by disconnector operations in gas- insulated switchgears, has become the limiting dielectric stress at ultra-high voltage levels. Much work has been done to investigate single-strike waveforms of VFTO. However, little study has been carried out investigating the repeated strike process, which would influence VFTO significantly. In this paper, we carried out 450 effective experiments in an ultra-high voltage test circuit, and conducted calculations through the Monte Carlo simulation method, to investigate the repeated strike process. Firstly, the mechanism of the repeated strike process is proposed, based on the ex- perimentai results. Afterwards, statistical breakdown characteristics of disconnectors are obtained and analyzed. Finally, simulations of the repeated strike process are conducted, which indicate that the dielectric strength recovery speed and polarity effect factor have a joint effect on VFTO. This study enhances the understanding of the nature of VFTO, and may help to optimize the disconnector designed to minimize VFTO.展开更多
Transient enclosure voltage（TEV）,which is a phenomenon induced by the inner dielectric breakdown of SF_6 during disconnector operations in a gas-insulated switchgear（GIS）,may cause issues relating to shock hazard ...Transient enclosure voltage（TEV）,which is a phenomenon induced by the inner dielectric breakdown of SF_6 during disconnector operations in a gas-insulated switchgear（GIS）,may cause issues relating to shock hazard and electromagnetic interference to secondary equipment.This is a critical factor regarding the electromagnetic compatibility of ultra-high-voltage（UHV）substations.In this paper,the statistical characteristics of TEV at UHV level are collected from field experiments,and are analyzed and compared to those from a repeated strike process.The TEV waveforms during disconnector operations are recorded by a self-developed measurement system first.Then,statistical characteristics,such as the pulse number,duration of pulses,frequency components,magnitude and single pulse duration,are extracted.The transmission line theory is introduced to analyze the TEV and is validated by the experimental results.Finally,the relationship between the TEV and the repeated strike process is analyzed.This proves that the pulse voltage of the TEV is proportional to the corresponding breakdown voltage.The results contribute to the definition of the standard testing waveform of the TEV,and can aid the protection of electronic devices in substations by minimizing the threat of this phenomenon.展开更多
Pascal Triangle is more of a number construction （body） then an array of the binomial coefficients. It is a mathematical body, like the digital code feeds for computer but with 2 dimensions. And there should be bodi...Pascal Triangle is more of a number construction （body） then an array of the binomial coefficients. It is a mathematical body, like the digital code feeds for computer but with 2 dimensions. And there should be bodies with x-dimensions and even abnormal or irregular appearances.展开更多
文摘This paper provides a method of the process of computation called the cumulative method, it is based upon repeated cumulative process. The cumulative method is being adapted to the purposes of computation, particularly multiplication and division. The operations of multiplication and division are represented by algebraic formulas. An advantage of the method is that the cumulative process can be performed on decimal numbers. The present paper aims to establish a basic and useful formula valid for the two fundamental arithmetic operations of multiplication and division. The new cumulative method proved to be more flexible and made it possible to extend the multiplication and division based on repeated addition/subtraction to decimal numbers.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51277106)in part by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2011CB209405)
文摘Very fast transient over-voltage （VFTO）, induced by disconnector operations in gas- insulated switchgears, has become the limiting dielectric stress at ultra-high voltage levels. Much work has been done to investigate single-strike waveforms of VFTO. However, little study has been carried out investigating the repeated strike process, which would influence VFTO significantly. In this paper, we carried out 450 effective experiments in an ultra-high voltage test circuit, and conducted calculations through the Monte Carlo simulation method, to investigate the repeated strike process. Firstly, the mechanism of the repeated strike process is proposed, based on the ex- perimentai results. Afterwards, statistical breakdown characteristics of disconnectors are obtained and analyzed. Finally, simulations of the repeated strike process are conducted, which indicate that the dielectric strength recovery speed and polarity effect factor have a joint effect on VFTO. This study enhances the understanding of the nature of VFTO, and may help to optimize the disconnector designed to minimize VFTO.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program) under grant 2011CB209405
文摘Transient enclosure voltage（TEV）,which is a phenomenon induced by the inner dielectric breakdown of SF_6 during disconnector operations in a gas-insulated switchgear（GIS）,may cause issues relating to shock hazard and electromagnetic interference to secondary equipment.This is a critical factor regarding the electromagnetic compatibility of ultra-high-voltage（UHV）substations.In this paper,the statistical characteristics of TEV at UHV level are collected from field experiments,and are analyzed and compared to those from a repeated strike process.The TEV waveforms during disconnector operations are recorded by a self-developed measurement system first.Then,statistical characteristics,such as the pulse number,duration of pulses,frequency components,magnitude and single pulse duration,are extracted.The transmission line theory is introduced to analyze the TEV and is validated by the experimental results.Finally,the relationship between the TEV and the repeated strike process is analyzed.This proves that the pulse voltage of the TEV is proportional to the corresponding breakdown voltage.The results contribute to the definition of the standard testing waveform of the TEV,and can aid the protection of electronic devices in substations by minimizing the threat of this phenomenon.
文摘Pascal Triangle is more of a number construction （body） then an array of the binomial coefficients. It is a mathematical body, like the digital code feeds for computer but with 2 dimensions. And there should be bodies with x-dimensions and even abnormal or irregular appearances.
