Brain stimulation techniques offer powerful means of modulating the physiology of specific neural structures. In recent years, non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) ...Brain stimulation techniques offer powerful means of modulating the physiology of specific neural structures. In recent years, non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation, have emerged as therapeutic tools for neurology and neuroscience. However, the possible repercussions of these techniques remain unclear, and there are few reports on the incisive recovery mechanisms through brain stimulation. Although several studies have recommended the use of non-invasive brain stimulation in clinical neuroscience, with a special emphasis on TMS, the suggested mechanisms of action have not been confirmed directly at the neural level. Insights into the neural mechanisms of non-invasive brain stimulation would unveil the strategies necessary to enhance the safety and efficacy of this progressive approach. Therefore, animal studies investigating the mechanisms of TMSinduced recovery at the neural level are crucial for the elaboration of non-invasive brain stimulation. Translational research done using animal models has several advantages and is able to investigate knowledge gaps by directly targeting neuronal levels. In this review, we have discussed the role of TMS in different animal models, the impact of animal studies on various disease states, and the findings regarding brain function of animal models after TMS in pharmacology research.展开更多
背景:近年来,高精度经颅直流电刺激因其非侵入性调控大脑功能的潜在益处而备受关注,但目前仍未有研究对其进行可视化分析。目的:对高精度经颅直流电刺激相关研究进行可视化分析,探索研究现状及热点趋势。方法:从Web of Science(WOS)核...背景:近年来,高精度经颅直流电刺激因其非侵入性调控大脑功能的潜在益处而备受关注,但目前仍未有研究对其进行可视化分析。目的:对高精度经颅直流电刺激相关研究进行可视化分析,探索研究现状及热点趋势。方法:从Web of Science(WOS)核心合集数据库中检索2010-01-01/2023-05-06发表的与高精度经颅直流电刺激相关的英文文献,应用VOSviewer软件对纳入文献的来源期刊、国家/地区、作者、机构、被引文献和关键词进行可视化分析并绘制知识图谱,探索该领域的研究现状及热点。结果与结论:①共纳入336篇文献,高精度经颅直流电刺激的发文量逐年增加。其中,美国的发文量最多(141篇),被引次数为4221,中国发文量仅次于美国(70篇),被引次数为401。②《Brain Stimulation》是发文量最多的期刊(28篇),Marom Bikson是发文量最多的作者(37篇),纽约市立大学城市学院是发文量最多的机构(35篇)。③运动皮质、调控、工作记忆、兴奋性及背外侧前额叶是该领域出现频次排名前5的关键词。近5年的热点关键词主要包括注意力缺陷/多动症、脑网络及刺激强度等。④目前,高精度经颅直流电刺激领域的研究文献数量相对较少,但总体呈现上升趋势,这反映出该领域具备较大的研究潜力。预计该领域的研究将持续聚焦于高精度经颅直流电刺激在认知精神类疾病的应用,并基于脑网络进一步揭示其作用于运动皮质及背外侧前额叶等靶点的治疗机制。展开更多
目的探究踝关节跖背屈疲劳任务中高精度经颅直流电刺激(high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation,HD-tDCS)对H-反射和M-波的调控效果,为HD-tDCS减轻神经肌肉疲劳的实际应用提供方向。方法招募20名健康青年男性受试者,...目的探究踝关节跖背屈疲劳任务中高精度经颅直流电刺激(high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation,HD-tDCS)对H-反射和M-波的调控效果,为HD-tDCS减轻神经肌肉疲劳的实际应用提供方向。方法招募20名健康青年男性受试者,随机分为真刺激组和假刺激组各10名。对受试者采取连续5 d的单盲HD-tDCS干预(时间20 min;强度2 mA;靶点Cz),干预前1天采集受试者安静条件下的H-反射和M-波,跖屈肌最大自主收缩(maximal voluntary isometric contraction,MVIC)时的M-波,跖屈肌和背屈肌MVIC力矩,并进行一次踝关节跖背屈运动性疲劳任务,以确定受试者达到该任务疲劳的时间。干预后1天进行与第1次疲劳任务相同的运动时间,并进行后测的数据采集。采用重复测量双因素(刺激方案×疲劳前后)方差分析其自变量对受试者肌肉力学特性、α运动神经元传导特性各指标的影响。结果相较于疲劳前,两组疲劳后的自主激活值(voluntary activation,VA)、H-反射最大值(maximal H-reflex,H_(max))、M-波最大值(maximal M-wave,Mmax)、跖屈肌和背屈肌MVIC力矩均显著降低(P<0.05),但相比于真刺激组,假刺激组的VA和背屈肌MVIC力矩下降更为显著(P<0.05)。结论连续5 d的HD-tDCS干预有助于提高脊髓节段α运动神经元的活性,且能抑制跖背屈疲劳诱发的外周“神经-肌肉”接头处信息传递能力的下降。展开更多
Neurological disorders with symptoms such as chronic pain,depression,and insomnia are widespread.Very weak electric fields applied through the skull can enhance or diminish neural activity and modulate brain waves in ...Neurological disorders with symptoms such as chronic pain,depression,and insomnia are widespread.Very weak electric fields applied through the skull can enhance or diminish neural activity and modulate brain waves in order to treat many of these common medical problems.This approach is to be contrasted with well-established pharmacological methods or more recent invasive electrical Deep Brain Stimulation(DBS)techniques that require surgery to insert electrodes deep into the brain.We claim that Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation(NIBS)will provide new treatment methods with much greater simplicity,lower cost,improved safety and in some cases,possibly greater effectiveness.This emerging use of NIBS is a branch of a new multidisciplinary field that we coined Neuro-systems Engineering[1].This field involves neuroscientists,psychologists,and electrical engineers.This emerging field relies on existing standards for the safe implementation of these novel treatment modalities[2].Methods of stimulating the brain are based on emerging electro-technologies such as transcranial Direct Current/Alternating Current(DC/AC)electric fields and pulsed magnetic fields.Application of functional and time-dependent brain imaging methods can be used to locate relevant brain regions and determine the most appropriate stimulation method.Application of tailored and individualized control can be combined with other therapy methods to effectively treat neurological disorders while minimizing or even eliminating the use of pharmaceuticals.In this paper,we are presenting our embodiment for a closed loop,feedback controlled,non-invasive application of electrical stimulation of the brain to enhance individual/group performance or to treat neurological disorders.展开更多
肢体运动功能障碍作为卒中后的常见病症,急需有效的康复治疗手段以助其运动功能改善。近年来,诸如经颅电磁刺激等新型神经调控技术通过可逆性地调控神经系统活性,达到改善患者肢体运动功能障碍、增强康复效果的目的。本文在阐述经颅直...肢体运动功能障碍作为卒中后的常见病症,急需有效的康复治疗手段以助其运动功能改善。近年来,诸如经颅电磁刺激等新型神经调控技术通过可逆性地调控神经系统活性,达到改善患者肢体运动功能障碍、增强康复效果的目的。本文在阐述经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS)和重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)两种方法的作用机制基础上,对tDCS及rTMS分别在卒中后肢体运动功能康复中的神经可塑性机制、肢体运动功能康复刺激参数的研究、康复手段融合研究进行了回顾与总结,发现tDCS和rTMS均可促进患者大脑运动功能神经重组,与传统、现代技术治疗手段结合均可在运动功能康复方面发挥有效作用。而后归纳了影响二者临床应用的诸如刺激部位、tDCS最佳电流强度和rTMS最优频率等刺激参数设置不一致等问题。最后针对两种调控手段融合方式的探索性研究,展望了未来新型调控方法在临床的应用模式,为今后临床康复中面向肢体运动功能障碍的神经调控技术研究方法的设计、制定与优化提供新的技术思路。展开更多
文摘Brain stimulation techniques offer powerful means of modulating the physiology of specific neural structures. In recent years, non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation, have emerged as therapeutic tools for neurology and neuroscience. However, the possible repercussions of these techniques remain unclear, and there are few reports on the incisive recovery mechanisms through brain stimulation. Although several studies have recommended the use of non-invasive brain stimulation in clinical neuroscience, with a special emphasis on TMS, the suggested mechanisms of action have not been confirmed directly at the neural level. Insights into the neural mechanisms of non-invasive brain stimulation would unveil the strategies necessary to enhance the safety and efficacy of this progressive approach. Therefore, animal studies investigating the mechanisms of TMSinduced recovery at the neural level are crucial for the elaboration of non-invasive brain stimulation. Translational research done using animal models has several advantages and is able to investigate knowledge gaps by directly targeting neuronal levels. In this review, we have discussed the role of TMS in different animal models, the impact of animal studies on various disease states, and the findings regarding brain function of animal models after TMS in pharmacology research.
文摘背景:近年来,高精度经颅直流电刺激因其非侵入性调控大脑功能的潜在益处而备受关注,但目前仍未有研究对其进行可视化分析。目的:对高精度经颅直流电刺激相关研究进行可视化分析,探索研究现状及热点趋势。方法:从Web of Science(WOS)核心合集数据库中检索2010-01-01/2023-05-06发表的与高精度经颅直流电刺激相关的英文文献,应用VOSviewer软件对纳入文献的来源期刊、国家/地区、作者、机构、被引文献和关键词进行可视化分析并绘制知识图谱,探索该领域的研究现状及热点。结果与结论:①共纳入336篇文献,高精度经颅直流电刺激的发文量逐年增加。其中,美国的发文量最多(141篇),被引次数为4221,中国发文量仅次于美国(70篇),被引次数为401。②《Brain Stimulation》是发文量最多的期刊(28篇),Marom Bikson是发文量最多的作者(37篇),纽约市立大学城市学院是发文量最多的机构(35篇)。③运动皮质、调控、工作记忆、兴奋性及背外侧前额叶是该领域出现频次排名前5的关键词。近5年的热点关键词主要包括注意力缺陷/多动症、脑网络及刺激强度等。④目前,高精度经颅直流电刺激领域的研究文献数量相对较少,但总体呈现上升趋势,这反映出该领域具备较大的研究潜力。预计该领域的研究将持续聚焦于高精度经颅直流电刺激在认知精神类疾病的应用,并基于脑网络进一步揭示其作用于运动皮质及背外侧前额叶等靶点的治疗机制。
文摘Neurological disorders with symptoms such as chronic pain,depression,and insomnia are widespread.Very weak electric fields applied through the skull can enhance or diminish neural activity and modulate brain waves in order to treat many of these common medical problems.This approach is to be contrasted with well-established pharmacological methods or more recent invasive electrical Deep Brain Stimulation(DBS)techniques that require surgery to insert electrodes deep into the brain.We claim that Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation(NIBS)will provide new treatment methods with much greater simplicity,lower cost,improved safety and in some cases,possibly greater effectiveness.This emerging use of NIBS is a branch of a new multidisciplinary field that we coined Neuro-systems Engineering[1].This field involves neuroscientists,psychologists,and electrical engineers.This emerging field relies on existing standards for the safe implementation of these novel treatment modalities[2].Methods of stimulating the brain are based on emerging electro-technologies such as transcranial Direct Current/Alternating Current(DC/AC)electric fields and pulsed magnetic fields.Application of functional and time-dependent brain imaging methods can be used to locate relevant brain regions and determine the most appropriate stimulation method.Application of tailored and individualized control can be combined with other therapy methods to effectively treat neurological disorders while minimizing or even eliminating the use of pharmaceuticals.In this paper,we are presenting our embodiment for a closed loop,feedback controlled,non-invasive application of electrical stimulation of the brain to enhance individual/group performance or to treat neurological disorders.
文摘肢体运动功能障碍作为卒中后的常见病症,急需有效的康复治疗手段以助其运动功能改善。近年来,诸如经颅电磁刺激等新型神经调控技术通过可逆性地调控神经系统活性,达到改善患者肢体运动功能障碍、增强康复效果的目的。本文在阐述经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS)和重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)两种方法的作用机制基础上,对tDCS及rTMS分别在卒中后肢体运动功能康复中的神经可塑性机制、肢体运动功能康复刺激参数的研究、康复手段融合研究进行了回顾与总结,发现tDCS和rTMS均可促进患者大脑运动功能神经重组,与传统、现代技术治疗手段结合均可在运动功能康复方面发挥有效作用。而后归纳了影响二者临床应用的诸如刺激部位、tDCS最佳电流强度和rTMS最优频率等刺激参数设置不一致等问题。最后针对两种调控手段融合方式的探索性研究,展望了未来新型调控方法在临床的应用模式,为今后临床康复中面向肢体运动功能障碍的神经调控技术研究方法的设计、制定与优化提供新的技术思路。
