Applied technique of the cemented fill with fly ash and fine-sands

Traditional stabilization of backfilling material is done by using Portland cement. However, the high price of cement forced mining engineer s to seek cheaper binding materials. Fly ash, which is the indus- trial wast e from thermal power plant, possess the potential activity of jellification, and can b e used in cemented fill as a partial substitute for cement to reduce the fill co s t. Tests were done during the past few years in Xinqiao Pyrite Mine and Phoenix Copper Mine to determine the technology parameters and the suitable content of f ly ash. Specimens with different cement/fly/ash tailings (sands) ratios were tes ted to obtain the strength values of the fill mass based on the analyses of both the chemical composition and physical and mechanical properties of fly ash . The compressive strength of specimens with a ratio of 1∶2∶8 (cement to fly ash to tailings ) can reach 2 MPa after 90 d curing, totally meeting the requiremen t of artificial pillar and reducing the fill cost by 20%-30%.

Study on Triaxial Mechanical Properties and Micro Mechanism of Fly Ash Reinforced Cement Calcareous Sand

In order to study the mechanical properties and micro-mechanism of industrial waste fly ash-reinforced cement calcareous sand(FCS),the triaxial unconsolidated undrained(UU)test and scanning electron microscope tests(SEM)were carried out on it.The results of UU test show that the peak stress and energy dissipation of the FCS sample first increase and then decrease with the increase in fly ash content.Fly ash enhances the cement calcareous sand by increasing both the cohesion and internal friction angle,and adding 10%content of fly ash gives the largest values.The SEM test results shows that the hydration products of cement and fly ash filled the pores and cracks on the surface of the calcareous sand,which increased the compactness and structure of the FCS samples.The porosity of cement calcareous sand can be reduced from 27.6%to 12.8%by adding 10%fly ash.A brittleness evaluation index based on energy dissipation is proposed to quantitatively characterize the brittleness of FCS samples.The results show that when the content of fly ash is 5%,the brittleness of FCS samples is the lowest.This study shows that the mechanical properties of cement calcareous sand can be effectively enhanced by adding the appropriate amount of fly ash.

Sustainable Fly Ash Based Roof Tiles with Waste Polythene Fibre: An Experimental Study

The compressive stress-strain behavior and other characteristics of treated fly ash based roof tiles have been studied by several experimental tests. This paper attempts to presents the results and observations of a study and comparison based on the past reported experimental data. Based on the results and observations of the comprehensive experimental study, five “control points” have been identified. The new sets of experiment have been carried out to investigate whether it might be possible the use of fly ash in fly ash based roof tiles for residential construction. In the present study, treated fly ash (TFA) of C category was used with different materials as a replacement of clay for making treated fly ash stone dust roof tiles (TFASDRT). Treated fly ash stone dust roof tiles (TFASDRT) were studied at varying percentages of cement, coarse sand, and radish stone dust (RSD) along with the constant percentage of waste polythene fibre (WPF). A research program was undertaken to evaluate the suitability of such test for assessing the properties of treated fly ash stone dust roof tiles (TFASDRT). The result of this study recommends that the fly ash based roof tiles provides a sustainable supplement to the traditional clay roof tiles, they increase the efficiency of traditional roof tiles and significantly help to reduce the environmental issues associated with the disposal of these waste materials.

Optimization of green sand mould system using Taguchi based grey relational analysis

The strength of the mould cavity in sand casting is very much significant to attain high-quality castings. Optimization of green sand process parameters plays a vital role in minimizing casting defects. In the present research work, the effect of process parameters such as AFS grain fineness number, water, molasses, bentonite, fly ash, and ramming, and their levels on the resultant mould properties were investigated and optimized using Taguchi based grey relational analysis. The Taguchi L18 orthogonal array and analysis of variance(ANOVA) were used. The quality characteristics viz., green compression strength, permeability, bulk density, mould hardness and shatter index of green sand mould were optimized using grey relational grade, based on the experiments designed using Taguchi's Design of Experiments. ANOVA analysis indicated that water content is the most influential parameter followed by bentonite, and degree of ramming that contributes to the quality characteristics. The results are confirmed by calculating confidence intervals, which lies within the interval limits. Finally, microstructure observations and X-ray diffraction analysis have been performed for the optimal sand parametric combination. Results show that presence of maximum amount of SiO_2, which might be the reason for enhancement of the physical properties of the sand.

Utilization of MSWI fly ash as partial cement or sand substitute with focus on cementing efficiency and health risk assessment

The strength of cement substituted mortar decreases with the increase in fly ash amount,whereas the strength increases when the fly ash is blended as sand substitute.A mortar with highest strength(compressive strength=30.2 Mpa;flexural strength=7.0 Mpa)was obtained when the sand replacement ratio was 0.75%.The k value(cementing efficiency)of fly ash varied between 0.36 and 0.15 for the fly ash fraction in binder between 5%and 25%.The k values of fly ash used for sand replacement were all significantly above that used for cement substitution.The macropores assigned to the gaps between particles decreased when the fly ash was used as sand replacement,providing an explanation for the strength enhancement.The waste-extraction procedure(toxicity-sulphuric acid and nitric acid method(HJ/T 299-2007))was used to evaluate metal leaching,indicating the reuse possibility of fly ash blended mortar.For the mortar with the mass ratio of fly ash to binder of 0.5%,the carcinogenic risks(CR)and non-carcinogenic hazard quotient(HQ)in sensitive scenario for blended mortar utilization were 9.66 x 10 and 0.06,respectively;these results were both lower than the threshold values,showing an acceptable health risk.The CR(9.89 x 105)and HQ(3.89)of the nonsensitive scenario for fly ash treatment exceeded the acceptable threshold values,indicating health risks to onsite workers.The main contributor to the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk is Cr and Cd,respectively.The CR and HQ from inhalation was the main route of heavy metal exposure.

Investigation of the Effect of the Addition of Petroleum Waste to Interlocking Bricks Constituent

Incinerator ash was investigated for its potential use as a replacement for sand and cement in concrete interlocking bricks. The physical characteristics of the raw materials were examined. Two sets of mixes were prepared. For the first set, sand and water quantities were fixed while incinerator ash was used at 0% to 100% replacement by weight for cement in steps of 10%. In the second set, incinerator ash was used at 0% to 100% replacement by weight for sand while cement and water quantities was fixed. The mixing proportions for cement, sand and water were 1:3:0.7, respectively. Compressive strength and leachability tests were performed on the specimens. Results showed that the replacement of sand by incinerator ash up to 40% exhibited higher compressive strength than the control mix (0% incinerator ash) after 28 days curing. Maximum compressive strength of 33.33N/mm2 was obtained after 28 days curing using using 20% incinerator ash substitution for sand. Replacement of cement by incinerator ash up to 20% exhibited higher compressive strength than the control mix. Compressive strength of 28.2 N/mm2 was achieved after 28 days curing period using a 20% ash substitution for cement. Leaching of heavy metals (Pb and Cd ) present in the ash was observed in concentrated nitric acid.

Effects of seeding nucleation agent on geopolymerization process of fly-ash geopolymer

Geopolymer, an inorganic aluminosilicate material activated by alkaline medium solution, can perform as an inorganic adhesive. The geopolymer technology has a viability to substitute traditional concrete made of portland cement （PC） because replacing PC with fly ash leads to reduced carbon dioxide emissions from cement productions and reduced materials cost. Although fly ash geopolymer stimulates sustainability, it is slow geopolymerization reaction poses a challenge for construction technology in term of practicality. The development of increasing geopolymerization reaction rate of the geopolymer is needed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate seeding nucleation agents （NA） of fly ash geopolymer that can accelerate polymerization reactions such that the geopolymer can be widely used in the construction industry. Results from the present study indicate that the use of NA （i.e., Ca（OH）2） can be potentially used to increase geopolymerization reaction rate and improve performance characteristics of the fly ash geopolymer product.

沙漠砂混凝土力学性能研究

通过正交试验,分析了沙漠砂替代率、粉煤灰掺量、砂率和水胶比对沙漠砂混凝土7、28、56 d抗压强度和28 d劈裂抗拉强度影响;在正交试验基础上,进一步揭示沙漠砂替代率和粉煤灰掺量对混凝土28 d抗压强度和劈裂拉伸强度的影响规律。试验研究表明:随着沙漠砂替代率增加,沙漠砂混凝土抗压强度和劈裂拉伸强度呈现先增大后减小趋势,沙漠砂替代率为20%时,沙漠砂混凝土抗压强度和劈裂拉伸强度均达到最大值;随着粉煤灰掺量增加,沙漠砂混凝土抗压强度和劈裂拉伸强度先增大后减小,粉煤灰掺量为10%时,沙漠砂混凝土抗压强度和劈裂拉伸强度达到最大值,为沙漠砂在工程中的应用提供指导和借鉴。

粉煤灰掺量和沙漠砂替代率对沙漠砂混凝土力学性能影响

为了研究粉煤灰掺量和沙漠砂替代率对沙漠砂混凝土力学性能影响,进行不同粉煤灰掺量和沙漠砂替代率的沙漠砂混凝土28 d抗压强度和28 d劈裂拉伸强度试验研究,分析粉煤灰掺量和沙漠砂替代率对沙漠砂混凝土28 d的抗压强度和劈裂拉伸强度的影响规律。实验结果表明:随着沙漠砂替代率增加,沙漠砂混凝土抗压强度和劈裂拉伸强度均呈现先增大后减小趋势,沙漠砂替代率为20%时,沙漠砂混凝土抗压强度和劈裂拉伸强度均达到最大值;随着粉煤灰掺量增加,沙漠砂混凝土抗压强度和劈裂拉伸强度先增大后减小,粉煤灰掺量为10%时,沙漠砂混凝土抗压强度和劈裂拉伸强度达到最大值。试验结果可为沙漠砂在工程中的应用提供指导和借鉴。

粉煤灰及沙漠砂对混凝土抗碳化性能的影响

通过进行单掺粉煤灰、单掺沙漠砂、双掺粉煤灰和沙漠砂混凝土3 d、7 d、14 d、28 d和56 d抗碳化性能试验,分析了粉煤灰掺量和沙漠砂替代率对混凝土抗碳化性能的影响,建立了混凝土28 d碳化深度与粉煤灰掺量及沙漠砂替代率之间回归关系模型。试验结果表明:对于单掺粉煤灰混凝土,随着粉煤灰掺量增加,混凝土碳化深度逐渐增大,且碳化早期比后期增长较快;对于单掺沙漠砂混凝土,随着沙漠砂替代率增加,混凝土碳化深度呈先减小后增大趋势,沙漠砂替代率20%时混凝土碳化深度最小;对于双掺粉煤灰和沙漠砂混凝土,粉煤灰掺量10%,沙漠砂替代率20%时混凝土碳化深度最小。

沙漠砂高强混凝土力学性能研究

通过正交试验,分析了粉煤灰掺量、沙漠砂替代率、砂率和水胶比对沙漠砂高强混凝土7d、28d、56d和100d抗压强度的影响;在正交试验基础上,保持砂率和水胶比不变,进一步揭示沙漠砂替代率和粉煤灰掺量对沙漠砂高强混凝土28d抗压强度和劈裂拉伸强度的影响规律。试验研究表明,随着沙漠砂替代率增加,沙漠砂高强混凝土抗压强度和劈裂拉伸强度呈现先增大后减小趋势,沙漠砂替代率为20%时,沙漠砂高强混凝土抗压强度和劈裂拉伸强度均达到最大值;随着粉煤灰掺量增加,沙漠砂高强混凝土抗压强度和劈裂拉伸强度先增大后减小,粉煤灰掺量为15%时,沙漠砂高强混凝土抗压强度和劈裂拉伸强度达到最大值,为沙漠砂在工程中的应用提供指导和借鉴。

石油平台潮差区混凝土的耐久性

基于对石油平台潮差区混凝土品质恶化和钢筋锈蚀二者交互作用的分析 ,提出以原状粉煤灰代砂来提高混凝土耐久性的方案 ,并进行了较系统的对比试验 ,结果表明

海水、海砂、粉煤灰混凝土早期立方体抗压强度研究

以海水取代率、海砂取代率、粉煤灰掺量为变量制作了27组C40混凝土立方体试块。通过测定7、28 d抗压强度来探究不同的海水、海砂取代率及不同粉煤灰掺量对混凝土强度的影响。研究结果表明:(1)随着海水、海砂取代率的提高混凝土的早强作用越明显,海水海砂混凝土与普通混凝土强度相差较小;随着粉煤灰掺量的升高,立方体抗压强度有所降低。(2)海水海砂不仅可以加快水泥的水化,而且对粉煤灰也有一定的激发作用。(3)考虑粉煤灰对水泥水化、海水海砂对水泥水化及海水海砂对粉煤灰的影响粉,粉煤灰的最佳掺量为10%。

关于高强沙漠砂混凝土力学性能的研究

本文围绕高强沙漠砂混凝土展开了相关研究,通过描述国外关于高强沙漠砂混凝土的综述,归纳总结了水胶比,粉煤灰掺量和沙漠砂替代率对高强沙漠砂混凝土力学性能的影响,希望为高强沙漠砂混凝土在今后的工程应用中做贡献。

如何避免混凝土路面(地面)起砂与起灰现象

针对目前使用预拌混凝土浇筑路面(地面)易造成起砂、起灰问题,论文从预拌混凝土原材料要求、配合比设计、生产运输到浇筑施工过程控制提出解决措施。

粉煤灰代砂RCC配合比试验研究及应用

浆砂比是评价碾压混凝土拌和物性能的重要指标，根据近几年来RCC（碾压混凝土）筑坝实践经验，一般浆砂比值不低于0．42时，RCC泛浆效果好，可碾性强，能有效提高混凝土层间结合和骨料抗分离能力。向家坝水电站二期工程RCC近400×104m3，为满足混凝土层间结合，确保工程施工质量，满足工程质量标准提出RCC用人工砂石粉含量宜控制在16％～18％，混凝土浆砂体积比可满足要求。但是泄洪坝段抗冲耐磨混凝土在同期施工时，为提高混凝土抗裂性能，人工砂石粉含量要求控制在10％～14％，无法满足RCC用砂要求，因此对RCC配合比在原配合比的基础上提出以粉煤灰代砂方案，灰代砂配合比在实际施工过程中混凝土的泛浆效果和可碾性较好。

低温作用下沙漠砂替代率和粉煤灰掺量对混凝土抗压强度影响

为研究低温作用下沙漠砂替代率和粉煤灰掺量对混凝土抗压强度的影响,进行单掺沙漠砂、单掺粉煤灰、双掺沙漠砂和粉煤灰混凝土在室温,-10,-20,-30℃时的抗压强度试验,分析温度、沙漠砂替代率和粉煤灰掺量对混凝土抗压强度的影响规律,建立混凝土抗压强度与温度、沙漠砂替代率和粉煤灰掺量之间回归关系模型。试验结果表明:随着温度降低,低温下混凝土抗压强度呈增大趋势,低温后混凝土抗压强度随温度降低呈减小趋势;对于单掺沙漠砂混凝土,混凝土抗压强度随沙漠砂替代率增加呈先增大后减小趋势,沙漠砂替代率50%时混凝土抗压强度最大;对于单掺粉煤灰混凝土,混凝土抗压强度随着粉煤灰掺量增加呈减小趋势;对于双掺沙漠砂和粉煤灰混凝土,沙漠砂替代率50%,粉煤灰掺量10%时,混凝土抗压强度最大。